First Aid

First Aid

1. SPLINTS

   • Rigid Splint
   • Soft Splint
   • Sling and Binder
   • Anatomic Splint
     • Steps of Applying the splint:

2. EMS SYSTEM

   • Check, Call, Care
   • Treating Shock
   • Checking an unconsious person
   • Checking a consious person

3. DRAGS AND CARRIES

   • Walking Assist
   • Clothes Drag
   • Two Person Seat Carry
   • Blanket Drag
   • Pack Strap Carry
   • Ankle Drag

4. SUDDEN ILLNESSES

   • Seizures
     • Description: normally functions in the brain are distributed by injury, fever infection, metabolic disturbances causing decreased oxygen to the brain
     • What to Look For: Foam in the mouth Confusion Blank stare Rising body temperature Changing consciousness Shaking Drowsiness Rolling eye
     • When to Call 9-1-1: When the seizure lasted longer than 5 minutes, When they have multiple seizures,
     • What to do Until Help Arrives: Do not try to stop the seizure Do not put anything in the person's mouth or between the teeth When seizure is over open the airways
   • Heart Related
     • Description: Overexposure to heat and loss of fluids and electrolytes cause heat cramps, heat stroke and other heat related illnesses
     • What to Look For: Extremely high body temperatures Red skin (either dry or moist) Changes in consciousness Rapid and weak pulse Shallow breathing Confusion Seizures Vomiting
     • When to Call 9-1-1: When a person has any signs of heat stroke A person is showing signs of heat exhaustion.
     • What to do Until Help Arrives: Get the person out of the heat immediately Loosen or remove as much clothing Then apply cool wet towels to the body to help cool down the body temperature
   • Heat Related
     • Description: Overexposure to heat and loss of fluids and electrolytes cause heat cramps, heat stroke and other heat related illnesses
     • What to Look For: Extremely high body temperatures Red skin (either dry or moist) Changes in consciousness Rapid and weak pulse Shallow breathing Confusion Seizures Vomiting
     • When to Call 9-1-1: When a person has any signs of heat stroke A person is showing signs of heat exhaustion.
     • What to do Until Help Arrives: Get the person out of the heat immediately Loosen or remove as much clothing Then apply cool wet towels to the body to help cool down the body temperature You could also use a fan and spray water on them If the person is conscious and is able to swallow give them small sips of water or sports drinks in order for them to gain electrolytes and restore Energy
   • Cold Related
     • Description: Frostbite is when part of your body freezes when exposed to coldness Hyperthermia is when the entire body cools because its inability to create warmth fails
     • What to Look For: Shivering Numbness Glassy stare Loss of consciousness Lack of feeling in certain area Discoloring Blisters
     • When to Call 9-1-1: When frostbite number increases Hyperthermia gets progressively worse
     • What to do Until Help Arrives: Dunk person neck deep in cool water if possible Sponge person with ice water or ice rags Cover person with bags of ice
   • Poisoning
     • Description: There are 4 types of poisoning, inhaled, absorbed, swallowed, and injected poisons
     • What to Look For: Nausea Diarrhea Chest or abdominal pain Trouble breathing Sweating Changes in consciousness Seizures Headaches Dizziness Abnormal skin color
     • When to Call 9-1-1: When there is a life threatening condition Level of consciousness changes
     • What to do Until Help Arrives: Remove person from source of poison if safe Monitor level of consciousness If person is conscious ask questions Follow directions from poison control center
   • Allergic Reactions
   • Diabetic Emergencies
     • Description: The inability for the body to change sugar from food into energy
     • What to Look For: Typed 0ne: Increased hunger Frequent urination Unexpected weight loss Irritability Weakness Fatigue Type 2; Any signals of type 1 Frequent infections Blurred vision Numbness in feet leg and fingers Slow healing of bruises or cuts Itching
     • When to Call 9-1-1: The person is unconscious When unable to swallow When doesn’t feel better within in about 5 minutes of taking some form of sugar When you can’t find sugar
     • What to do Until Help Arrives: GIVE SUGAR Monitor person’s breathing Assist person with taking an antihistamine