Acids, Bases and Salts

Acids, Bases and Salts

1. Properties of Acids

   • an acid forms hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution.
   • Turns blue litmus paper red
   • Acid + Metal -----> Salts + Hydrogen
   • Acid + Base -----> Salt + Water
   • Acid + Alkali -----> Salt + Oxide
   • Acid + Carbonate -----> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

2. Properties of Alkalis

   • an alkali forms hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution.
   • Turns red litmus paper to blue.

3. Salts

   • Solubility rules
   • Preparation methods:
     • Is the salt SOLUBLE?
       • YES: Is it a soluble Carbonate? (Na, K, NH4)
         • YES: Titration: ACID+ ALKALI
         • NO: Is the metal UNREACTIVE? (K, Na and C or Cu, Ag and Au)
           • YES: Dissolving and Filtering: ACID + BASE (or CARBONATE)
           • NO: Dissolving and Filtering: ACID + METAL
       • NO: Precipitation

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