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Mindmap von jessicabutler511, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Conscience
- William Butler
- Faculty of reflection
- How he defined conscience - influenced by
Aristotle and Aquinas - conscience = a faculty that
separates humans from other sentient beings - we
are aware of every situation - other creatures have
no awareness + do not try to understand their being
but Humans do - it is from this reflective nature that
conscience develops.
- How he defined conscience - influenced by
Aristotle and Aquinas - conscience = a faculty that
separates humans from other sentient beings - we
are aware of every situation - other creatures have
no awareness + do not try to understand their being
but Humans do - it is from this reflective nature that
conscience develops.
- Self love and benevolence
- Desire for one's own well-being =
self love, benevolence = hope for
well-being of others
- Conscience seeks to harmonise the two
- Conscience seeks to harmonise the two
- Desire for one's own well-being =
self love, benevolence = hope for
well-being of others
- Intuitive
- Conscience is an intuitive gift from God - a "natural guide"
which controls human nature
- Conscience is an intuitive gift from God - a "natural guide"
which controls human nature
- Ultimate Authority
- Conscience must be unquestioningly obeyed
- Conscience must be unquestioningly obeyed
- Faculty of reflection
- Cardinal Newman
- Conscience informs our decision making
- Conscience = voice of God =
following the law of God -
conscience is supreme
- "The conscience is the
voice of God. It is the
voice of the lawgiver."
- Nature gives humans awareness of
God and goodness. Nurture is capable
of destroying this.
- Conscience informs our decision making
- Sigmund Freud
- ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
- Superego = inner parents which controls behaviour - rewarding parent - but
can be more likely to be punishing
parent
- Persons experiences impact on
development and make us who we are
- Persons experiences impact on
development and make us who we are
- ID - behaves instinctively
- EGO - rational self which interacts with society
- Superego = inner parents which controls behaviour - rewarding parent - but
can be more likely to be punishing
parent
- Anxiety
- Children are anxious to avoid displeasing parents
- this anxiety is felt when committing an immoral
act
- Oedipus complex
- Feelings of anger towards the father + sexual
attraction towards the mother are repressed
into unconscious mind resulting in feelings of
guilt - conscience develops from this guilt
- Religious people integrated this guilt in response
to ideas about God & non-religious people in
response to authority eg government, family,
society
- Religious people integrated this guilt in response
to ideas about God & non-religious people in
response to authority eg government, family,
society
- Feelings of anger towards the father + sexual
attraction towards the mother are repressed
into unconscious mind resulting in feelings of
guilt - conscience develops from this guilt
- Children are anxious to avoid displeasing parents
- this anxiety is felt when committing an immoral
act
- ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
- Erich Fromm
- Authoritarian Conscience
- Who we are comes from those around us who
exert authority - it involves rewarding/punishing
actions
- Authority becomes internalised within time + central to
our understanding of authority
- Authority becomes internalised within time + central to
our understanding of authority
- Who we are comes from those around us who
exert authority - it involves rewarding/punishing
actions
- Good conscience
- Conscience begins with a child's experience of their
parents - from birth humans are in a state of
obedience - AUTHORITARIAN CONSCIENCE
- submission + obedience = reward + sense of well-being
- good authoritarian conscience provides security +
sense of well-being - it should be a good thing and make
you feel good about yourself
- good authoritarian conscience provides security +
sense of well-being - it should be a good thing and make
you feel good about yourself
- TINA - There is no alternative - humans are inducing into
believing that they control their lives, but they do not.
- submission + obedience = reward + sense of well-being
- Conscience begins with a child's experience of their
parents - from birth humans are in a state of
obedience - AUTHORITARIAN CONSCIENCE
- Guilty Conscience
- rebellion + disobedience = punishment + fear +
insecurity - conscience continues to develop
depending on culture, education and environment
- rebellion + disobedience = punishment + fear +
insecurity - conscience continues to develop
depending on culture, education and environment
- Humanitarian conscience
- matures from authoritarian
conscience through
developed virtues and
following good role models -
moderated behaviour
- conscience can become our own
voice - 'the real conscience'
- MILIGRAM EXPERIMENT
- Experiment persuades the participant to give
what the participant believes are painful electric
shocks to another participant who is actually an
actor. 65% continued to give shocks despite
pleas from the actor - Miligram suggested one of
the major factors accounting for the Holocaust
was the ready propensity of humans to obey
authorities even when obedience is wrong.
- Experiment persuades the participant to give
what the participant believes are painful electric
shocks to another participant who is actually an
actor. 65% continued to give shocks despite
pleas from the actor - Miligram suggested one of
the major factors accounting for the Holocaust
was the ready propensity of humans to obey
authorities even when obedience is wrong.
- MILIGRAM EXPERIMENT
- conscience can become our own
voice - 'the real conscience'
- matures from authoritarian
conscience through
developed virtues and
following good role models -
moderated behaviour
- Authoritarian Conscience
- Jean Piaget
- heteronomous morality
- morality determined by others, such
as parents and society
- develops from early years until the age of 9 or
10 - child does not decide his/her moral stance -
this is decided by the parents and upbringing.
Moral conscience is the observation of rules.
Some people never develop beyond this stage -
their life is dominated by the need to obey
precise rules of behaviour - they may look to
God or a judge.
- develops from early years until the age of 9 or
10 - child does not decide his/her moral stance -
this is decided by the parents and upbringing.
Moral conscience is the observation of rules.
Some people never develop beyond this stage -
their life is dominated by the need to obey
precise rules of behaviour - they may look to
God or a judge.
- morality determined by others, such
as parents and society
- Autonomous morality
- Morality determined by the self
- The majority of humans do
develop - they are mature
enough to decide what is
good for them and what is
not. Morality is a matter of
self-discipline and not
external discipline - this
process begins at around
10 years old.
- The majority of humans do
develop - they are mature
enough to decide what is
good for them and what is
not. Morality is a matter of
self-discipline and not
external discipline - this
process begins at around
10 years old.
- Morality determined by the self
- heteronomous morality
- Definition - "A persons moral sense of right and wrong,
viewed as acting as a guide to one's behaviour."
- Problem of definition - no
evidence of a conscience/how it
operates
- Problem of definition - no
evidence of a conscience/how it
operates
- Augustine of Hippo
- Conscience is the voice of God whispering to use innately about
what is right and wrong, sense of moral right and wrong is preserved
in conscience. He identified the conscience as being within us. He
claimed that we intuitively seek what brings us closer to God and
what he is asking of us.
- Voice of God within us
- Conscience is the voice of God whispering to use innately about
what is right and wrong, sense of moral right and wrong is preserved
in conscience. He identified the conscience as being within us. He
claimed that we intuitively seek what brings us closer to God and
what he is asking of us.
- Thomas Aquinas
- Recta Ratio
- Identified with Syderesis - an intellectual process
of gaining knowledge through sifting through
evidence logically.
- Identified with Syderesis - an intellectual process
of gaining knowledge through sifting through
evidence logically.
- Syderisis - greek
word for Conscientia
- Right reason - gives knowledge of the
primary precepts/Natural Law
- Right reason - gives knowledge of the
primary precepts/Natural Law
- Conscientia
- tells us what is good and evil - but not
infallible. A corrupted conscientia could
lead to wrong answers.
- The process of applying right reason
to a specific issue
- Conscience must always be obeyed even if
it means breaking the law/being
excommunicated - real goods should be followed
- Conscience must always be obeyed even if
it means breaking the law/being
excommunicated - real goods should be followed
- Vincible Ignorance - deliberately ignoring facts - guilty
- Invincible Ignorance - not aware of
all facts eg lied to - not guilty
- The process of applying right reason
to a specific issue
- tells us what is good and evil - but not
infallible. A corrupted conscientia could
lead to wrong answers.
- Golden Mean
- Conscience = not an inner voice but rather reason making right
decisions - a rationalist account - workings of the mind + use of
reason.
- Recta Ratio
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