Institutional Aggression

THE IMPORTATION MODEL (Irwin + Cressey, 1962)
1. Indiv/ characteristics + social histories - bring into prison
2. Previous lived culture - agg/ valued + reinforced = more likely...
3. Imp factors: alcohol, drug addictions, poor employment record, low level of education, criminal history prior to imprisonment
4. Demographic factors: race + age. Ev/ - US - non/whites + younger inmates more likely agg/
5. DeLisi et al (2004) - prison violence records - 831 inmates - violent beh/ mostly caused by violent beh/ outside prisons
SITUATIONAL MODELS
1. Prison environment.
2. THE DEPRIVATION MODEL: day-to-day: inc/ stress - agg/ to reduce stress + obtain desired resoucres. Get control over conditions imposed
  1. Liberty, autonomy, goods and services, heterosexual relations, security, freedom
  2. Highly frustrating - agg/ reaction - frustration-agg/ theory (Dollard et al, 1939). Express frustration through violence towards staff
3. THE MANAGEMENT MODEL: Poor leadership, high staff turnover, lack of discipline. Less likely engage in agg/ beh/ if eff/ management + prisoners believe in efficacy of education+treatment programmes
4. McCorkle et al (1995) - no evidence - correlation bet/w violence+aspects of prison environment - sample 371 US prisons. Deprivations=constant BUT serious outbreaks are not.
  1. Poor management practices, high staff turnover + lack discipline. Way deprivations managed by staff more imp/ than deprivations themselves
INTERACTION MODEL
1. Bet/w importation + situational models widely accepted - convinciing understanding
2. Jiang et al (2002) - 431 male prison records, USA. Dep/ Model: best explain inmate violence to staff (most restrictive regimes=highest incidences). Imp/ Model: inmate violence to others - agg/ gang cultures persist inside
  1. Both models needed
IDA - GENDER BIAS - less research women - theory not relevant. American Study - (Kruttschnitt + Krmpotich, 1990) - agg/ less common among female inmates.
1. Childhood fam/ structure + race sig/ ass/ inc/ levels agg/. More research needed to...
IDA - REAL WORLD APPLICATION - Situational model: Abu Ghraib prison atrocities: Iraq prisoners of war subjected to dehumanising + degrading treatment.
1. Zimbardo (2007) - prison guard beh/ - product of situational forces of being a guard rather than personal characteristics. Good soldiers to do bad things "Lucifer Effect"

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Institutional Aggression

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