Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Ayman the Swimmer
- Anatomy
- Joints
- where two bones meet
together
- Fibrous
- Connected
by strong
fibrous
tissue
- No
mobility
- Sutures
of
the
skull
- ossifies with age
- They don't
ossify with
age
- Gomphosis
- Sydnemosis
- Cartilaginous
- Connected by
cartilage
- Secondary
- disc of dense
white fibro
cartilage
- Limited movement
- midline of the
body
- Symphysis pubis
- Intervertebral discs
- b/w pieces of
sternum
- Primary
- Hyaline cartilage
- No movement
- ossifies with age
- epiphyseal
cartilage
- b/w the first
costal
cartilage and
sternum
- Synovial
- Freely mobile
- Plane
- Acromioclavicular
- Gliding
- Acrmio-clavicular
- Intercarpal
- Hinge
- Elbow
- Ankle
- Pivot
- Atlanto-axial
- radio-ulnar
- Ellipsoid
- Wrist
- Saddle
- Carpometacarpal joint of the
thumb
- Ball and socket
- Hip and
shoulder
- Condyloid
- Knee joint
- Joint pain
- Neurologic
and pain
syndromes
- Peripheral
Neuropathy
and
somatization
- Congenital
and
Metabolic
- Gout,
vitamins
deficiencies
- Inflammatory
and Reactive
- Kawasaki
Syndrome
- Neoplastic
- Cancers
and
tumors
- Bone
and
cartilage
- Trauma
- Immunodefiencies
- HIV
- Infectious
- Viral,
Fungal, and
bacterial
- Rheumatologic
- psoriatic arthritis
- Muscles
- Rotator
Cuff
- Supraspinatus
- Origin:Supraspinous
fossa of the scapula .
Insertion:superior on
the greater tuberosity
of the humerus
- Initiation of
abduction to
20
- Infraspinatus
- Origin:infraspinatus
fossa of the scapula.
Insertion :inferior
and posterior on
greater tuberosity
- External
Rotation
- weakening and tearing of
the tendons forming the
rotator cuff under stress
Decreases the range of
motion in the shoulder
- Rotator cuff degeneration & tear
- Teres
Minor
- Origin:lateral
border of the
scapula.
Insertion:inferior
to infraspinatus
on the greater
tuberosity
- External
Rotation of the
Humerus
- Subscapularis
- Origin:
subscapular fossa
of the scapula.
Insertion : lesser
tuberosity of the
humerus
- Internal
Rotation of the
humerus
- Shoulder muscles
- Pectoralis Minor
- Origin: ribs 3-5
- Insertion :Coracoid
process of the scapula
- Actions :Protraction(forward) and
retraction(backward) of the
scapula.
- Pectoralis Major
- Origin :medial 1/2 of the
clavicle, manubrium &
body of sternum, costal
cartilages of ribs 2-6.
- Insertion :Lateral lip of
bicipital groove
(humerus)
- Actions :1-Adduction of
the arm.
2-medial rotation
of the arm
3-Flexion of the
arm.
- Teres Major
- Origin :Dorsal surface of the
inferior angle of the
scapula.
- Insertion: The medial lip of the
bicipital groove
(intertubercular sulcus)
of the humerus.
- Action :Medial rotation &
Adduction of
humerus.
- Deltoid
- Origin :Anterior (clavicular) head:
anterior surface of the lateral
clavicle. b. Middle (acromial)
head: acromion process and
spine of the scapula. -
- Insertion :
Deltoid
tuberosity of
the humerus.
- Action :Adduction
from 20˚ to 90˚
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Origin :vertebral spines from T7
to the sacrum, posterior 1/3 of
iliac crest. • Posterior layer of
thoracolumbar fascia lower 3 or
4 ribs. • sometimes from the inf.
angle of scapula.
- Insertion :floor of
the intertubercular
groove
- Action :rotates the arm
medially • adducts
arm • Extends the
arm
- Serratus Anterior
- Origin:surface of the
1st to 8th ribs at the
side of the chest
- Insertion: along the entire
anterior length of the
medial border of the
scapula.
- Action: Laterally rotates
and protracts scapula
- Bones
- Clavicle
- surfaces
- Inferior surface
- Rough due to the
attachments of ligaments
- trapezoid
line
- Conoid tubercle
- Superficial surface
- Smooth
- No ligaments attached
- Ends
- Acromial
End
- Flat
- Articulates with
- Acromoin process
of the scapula
- Acromioclavicular joint
- Sternal
End
- Rounded
- Articulates with
- sternum bone
of the chest
- Sternoclavicular joint
- Lateral 1/3 is
convex backward
+medial 2/3 is
convex forward
- Moving
from
anterior
to
posterior
- A
transition
- the clavicle is
more prone to
injuries at
that site
- Scapula
- 2 surfaces
- Anterior
- Posterior
- 3 borders
- Lateral
- Medial
- Superior
- 3 angles
- Superior
- inferior
- Lateral
- 4 fossae
- Glenoid fossae
- Where a humerus
articulates
- Glenohumeral Joint
- Supraspinous
- Divided by the spine
- Infraspinous
- Subscapular
- 2
processes
- Acromion
- Articulates
with clavicle
- Acrmoioclavicular Joint
- Coracoid
- Articulates with
clavicle
- coracocvicular joint
- Shoulder Blade
- Humerus
- Head of humerus
- Intertubuler groove
- between lesser and greater tubercles
- Surgical
neck
- Anatomical Neck
- Shaft
- Challenges
Athletes
face
- Motivation
- Media
- Coaches
- Training
and
Practice
- Career Vision
- Popularity
- Priorities
- Injuries
- In sports, they
most
commonly
occur in MSK
structures
- Results due to :
- Not taking the proper safety
precautions.illegal play.
Wrong training technique.
insufficient warm up. Not
using sutiable protective
techniques. Overuse.
preexisting disorder
- Types
- contact injury
- contusions
(bruises) or
lacerations(tears
in
skin)
- ligament sprains
- overstretching
or
tearing
injury
- sprained
ankle
- Muscle strains
- overstretching
or
tearing
- Dislocations
- moving a bone
out of its
normal
position
- Sublaxation
- pops out of its
place and
pops back on
its own
- fractures
- a compressed
or twisted
bone
- Nerve Injury
- compression ,
stretch,
severance, or
friction
- First actions
(PRICE)
- Protection
Rest. Ice(
cryotherapy)
Compression
Elevation
- Swimmer's shoulder
- Overuse of the shoulder muscles
- gradual onset due to
repetitive activity and can be
classified as microtrauma
- impaired posture
- Impaired glenohumeral
joint
mobility.
- Results in Rotator cuff tendinitis
- irritation of these tendons and
inflammation of the bursa (a normally
smooth layer) lining these tendons.
- Impaired
neuromuscular
control,
- Impaired
muscle
performance
- alterations in active ROM of the shoulder
- Physical Examination
- Inspection
- Observing both shoulders together to look
for any atrophy , asymmetry, swelling, and
any venous distention
- Feel
- Palpating specific anatomical structures of the
shoulder helps physicians to identify the
affected areas
- the
sternoclavicular
joint
- the clavicle
- the
acromioclavicular
joint
- the
coracoid
process
- the
borders of
the
scapula
- the greater and lesser
tuberosities of the
humerus.
- Special Tests
- Impingement Test
- apprehension test
- Apley’s scratch test
- Range of motion
- forward Flexion =
0-160 Extension = 0-50
Abduction =0-170
Adduction =
0-50 Internal
Rotation = 90 degrees
External Rotation = 65
degrees And
Circumduction