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Carney and Hazler
- 2007
- Measured the cortisol levels in the
saliva of 94 sixth grade students
between the ages of 9-14.
- Also filled out a questionnaire on their
experiences of being bullied or watching
someone being bullied, plus additional
measures of anxiety and trauma.
- Also filled out a questionnaire on their
experiences of being bullied or watching
someone being bullied, plus additional
measures of anxiety and trauma.
- Cortisol levels were measured first
thing in the morning and just before
lunch time.
- Their findings demonstrate the limitations of
the animal research carried out by Delville.
- Bullying does appear to cause a
spike in cortisol levels.
- But it appears that in humans who experience
long-term bullying - or the fear of witnessing
someone being bullied - have low levels of cortisol.
- In other words a cortisol deficiency called hypocortisol.
- This condition is linked to chronic fatigue
syndrome, chronic pain and post traumatic
stress disorder.
- This condition is linked to chronic fatigue
syndrome, chronic pain and post traumatic
stress disorder.
- In other words a cortisol deficiency called hypocortisol.
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