Ectoparasites

Ectoparasites

1. Fleas

   • Ctenocephalides felis
   • Ctenocephalides canis
   • Non-Hypersensitive
     • Presence of fleas and flea dirt
     • Anaemia
   • Hypersensitive- allergic to flea saliva
     • Pruritus
     • Self trauma
       • Crusting/Truncating hairs
     • Alopecia
     • Miliary dermatits- CATS
   • Control
     • Kill fela on host- frontline
     • Kill development stages in enviornment-insecticide

2. Lice

   • Host Specific
   • Species
     • DOG- Trichodectes Canis & Linognathus setosus
     • GUINEA PIGS= Gliricola porcelli & Gyropus ovalis
   • MICE- Polyplax serrata
   • RATS- Polyplax spinulosa
   • Haemodipsus ventricosus
   • Simple life cycle- no metamorphosis- but 3 nymphal stages pre maturity
   • Symptoms
     • pruritus
     • hair loss
     • skin thickening
     • Weight loss
     • Anaemia

3. Ticks

   • I. RICINUS
     • 3 year life cycle
       • Feed for a few days each year
       • Larva- 1st yr
       • Nymph- 2nd yr
       • Adult- 3rd yr
   • Transmit disease
     • Babesiosis- CATTLE
     • Louping ill- SHEEP
     • Tick borne fever- RUMINANTS
     • Lyme disease- MAN and DOGS
     • Secondary bacterial infection
       • Fly strike
         • Anaemia
       • Inappropriate removal- granuloma

4. Mange mites

   • Entire life cyle takes place on host or within the skin
     • DIrect contact not always necessary- many stages effective off animal
     • Can be mistaken for dandruff- Cheyletiella
       • Skin scrapings and microscope required for ID
   • Otodectes-Ear mites
     • Dog and Cat
     • Otitis externa often initiated by this
   • Cheyletiella
     • Surface living- dog or cat
       • Cheyletiella yasguri- DOG
       • Cheyletiella parasitovorax- RABBIT and GUINEA PIG
   • Sarcoptic mange
     • ZOONOTIC
     • Pruritis
     • Alopecia
     • Thickening/Wrinking of skin
     • Excoriation
     • SELAMECTIN/AMITRAZ
   • Demodectic Mange
     • Demodex canis
     • Demodex cati
     • Most common in UK
     • Small numbers present in normal fauna
       • Disease occurs due to failure of cell mediated immune response
     • ALUDEX