Lev Vygotsky

Lev Vygotsky

1. Social Development Theory

   • ZPD
   • MKO
   • Social Interaction

2. Theorists

   • David Ausubel
     • American Psychologist
     • Meaningful Verbal Learning
       • Reception
       • Discovery
     • Subsumption Theory
       • correlative
       • derivative
     • Advanced Organizers
       • comparative
       • Expository
   • Stephen Krashen
     • Input ( acquisition takes place through understandable input.)
     • Monitor Hypothesis ( application of grammar furls by monitoring.)
     • Learning ( Breaking down language into chunks.)
     • Acquisition ( subconsciously learning language for a variety of purpsose)
     • Affective Filter ( Acquisition is inhibited due to mental block.)
     • Natural Order ( Acquisition happens in a predictable order."
   • J. Cummins
     • Task Difficulty (ABCD quadrants)
     • BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills)
     • CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency

3. Russian Psychologist

4. Constructivism

   • Schools of Thought
     • Behaviorism
       • people are rational beings that require active participation in order to learn, and whose actions are a consequence of thinking
       • • ‘assumes a learner is essentially passive, responding to environmental stimuli"
       • Behaviour is shaped through positive or negative views/experiences
       • learner starts off as a clean slate
     • Cognitivism
       • • Knowledge can be seen as schema or symbolic mental constructions.
       • Learning is defined as change in a learner’s schemata.
       • • ‘focuses on the inner mental activities
       • people are rational beings that require active participation in order to learn, and whose actions are a consequence of thinking
     • Second Language Acquistion
       • Teachers
         • Strategies
           • Know the students - the Five W's ( background, cultures, goals, difficulties, etc.
           • Assessment , Evaluation, Cooperation, Repetition, Monitoring, Encouragement, Motivation,, etc.
         • Styles
           • Weakness and Strengths
           • Formal,, Facilitator, and Delegator Teaching Styles..
         • Students
           • Know the students in order to help improve and guide them to enable them to utilize their potentials in learning
           • Positive/Negative results of learning
           • What are the students strong/weaknesses...
           • Advantages and Disadvantages
           • Goals / purposes in life... Ending results
           • The Five W's - Who, What, When, Where, and Why --> How to achieve such satisfaction
   • New information is linked to prior knowledge, thus mental representations are subjective.’
   • learning is an active, contextualized process of constructing knowledge rather than acquiring it.
   • • Knowledge is constructed based on personal experiences and hypotheses
   • • The learner is not a blank slate … but brings past experiences and cultural factors to a situation