IT Btec glossary

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A service which is used on the internet which provides help or something for the user e.g information, calculation, buying or selling items

An online biography which provides information about the person

A group of friends communicating online

A network of people communicating through the internet which concern a common interest

A world that exists online e.g Minecraft

Communicating in messages in real time

A virtual area online where users can communicate in real time

Internet etiquette the rules and way to act online

Promoting the sale of goods or businesses on the internet

Advertising involving websites/ search engines. A business pays for the advert to appear on the website, if the advert is clicked on it it will direct the surfer to the businesses website. A percentage of the income created by those who click on the advert is paid to the web site/ search engine e.g Google.

Frequently updated online blogs or journals which users can express their thoughts, feelings and daily activities through which can be through multimedia e.g images and clips e.g Tumblr

Short text entries which can be created in sites and be exchanged or used in blogs

Websites which provide information for the user, it can be edited by other visitors and allows them to share research.

a message sent from one person to another through the computer not in real-time

Short messages sent between users in real-time chat

A community of people which share a common interest, subscribe to a site to get up to date information sent to them

Sites where you can meet and communicate with people around the world

Where groups of people in different areas meet together and discuss business online

Online journals of individuals or groups

Like blogs but with video or sound files

Voice over Internet protocol allows the user to talk in real time over video communication or clips with no additional charge

When you move a file from your system to another from your computer to the webpage

When you move a file from a different system or the world wide web and onto your system

A mathematical step by step sequence to work out different calculations/ a set of instructions to work out a calculation the user sets

The saving of a file immediately after the file has been edited or after a certain period of time.

A way of tracking changes in documents to make sure you are working with the most up-to date version in case the most up-to-date version is lost or corrupted and therefore cannot be used

When a document cannot be opened and only becomes unlocked when you are the only one trying to access it

The access rights which grant specific users the ability to read/edit a document

When a user can only read the document

When a user can read and edit the document

full control is the ability to read/edit/ lock/ delete etc

Using another computers services to store information -host.

Advanced computing which can take place in any location or format involving the placing of processes which connect to the internet.

Radio Frequency Identification - a chip which uses radio waves to transfer data to a tag so it can be tracked. The tags contain information so it can be transferred so it can identify which tag it is e.g cat flap and collars.

An access point to the internet an ISP uses several POPs in an area to allow good access to the internet

An interchange between networks within the internet allowing ISPs to connect with each other

The protocol to route packets across the internet

This protocol transmits data from the client's application program to the IP network it dissembles and reassembles data for transfer across the internet.

A protocol which allows files to be uploaded or downloaded/ transferring between two computers to download programs to your computer or upload web pages to the server in the World wide web hosting them on the internet

ISP provide a gateway to the internet e.g BT/ virgin media/ sky

The main computer or programme which serves the clients computers. It has specific server software to fulfil requirements.

Main connecting data routes between the internet and the small networks between local communities to the router of a client

Hardware which directs the piece of information the computer requires to the ISP (the data then goes to the internet and DNS Server to find the IP of the site). The data can also be sent in the other way and the router directs the data in the opposite direction

The user of the network who uses the services provided by the server

When the network connection isn't using cables but electromagnetic waves.

Using cable network connection to connect to the internet

It uses the telephone lines as connections to the internet for those in countryside areas.

The amount of available network capacity to carry the data across the network in bits per second

The measure of the number of pieces of data transferred in a period of time in bits per second

part of the internet which holds all the websites and can be accessed with a browser. It is made up of a large number of servers which host webpages

hypertext markup language is a computer language used to create web pages

Uniform resource locator a specific character string which relates to a specific server so that the user can find the correct webpage

Protocol=method which browsers use to read webpages

Similar but it is a secure site

Carbon copy- in emails it is used to send messages to more than one recipient they can be seen by all of the recipients

Blind carbon copy- similar to Cc but recipients can't see the other recipients.

Used to send messages across IP networks in server to server transfers also used to send a message to an email server.

To retrieve emails from an email server downloading emails to their computer and deleting them from the email server.

Email retrieval protocol -do not download the email they remain on the email server.

Glossary of IT terms

Online service

Profile

Network of friends

Online community

Virtual world

Chat

Chat room

Netiquette

Online advertising

PPC -pay per click advertising

Weblogs

Microblogging

Wikis

Electronic mail

instant messaging

Newsgroup

Social networking

Conferencing

Blogs

Vlogs/podcasts

VoIP

Upload

Download

Algorithm

Automatic back up

Version control

Locked

File permissions

Read only access

Read/write access

Full control

Cloud computing

Ubiquitous computing

RFID

POP-Point of presence

NAP- network access point

IP- internet protocol

TCP -transmission control protocol

FTP- File Transfer protocol

ISP- internet service provider

Server

Network connection

Router

Client

Wireless

broadband

dial up

bandwidth

transmission rate

world wide web

HTML

URL

Hypertext transfer protocol

HTTPS

Cc

Bcc

SMTP

POP3

IMAP

CODEC

Simplex

Half duplex

Duplex

UTP/STP cables

Coaxial

Fibre optic

Serial

Parallel

bi-directional transmission

client-side processing

server side processing

USB

data storage

table

record

Field

Relationship

Data type

primary key

Foreign key

DBMS

Malware

Opportunist

Virus

Spam

Phishing

Trojan

Identity theft

Physical barrier

Passwords

Anti-virus software

Firewall

Encryption

Back up and Recovery

Data protection act

Accidental damage

Allows you to encode or decode data for added security

Communication can only happen one way e.g computer to printer

Communication can happen 2 way but only one way at a time

Communication can happen 2 ways at the same time

Unshielded twisted pair of cables or shielded twisted pair which transmit data

A solid wire core with plastic insulation sheath with a copper outer casing to earth the cable

Glass or plastic tubes which use total internal reflection of electromagnetic to transmit data

bits are transmitted at one at a time over a single channel

a number of bits can be transmitted simultaneously over an equal number of channels

transmission in two directions

Data stored on your computer or a process that occurs on your computer- a scripting language to create code on web pages

Data stored on a server and can only be accessed through a network e.g search engine search

Universal serial bus is a serial transmission method to hold information and transfer it from computer to computer.

Holding data on a computer system normally on a database.

A grid of fields which store information about a certain thing

A row of a data base- a group of data which is associated in some way

Every column a single piece of data recorded in a database

Links and connections between data

The type of data entered into a database e.g text, number, date/time, logical, autonumber

a single key to identify each record in a table

A key which can be used to cross reference and access associated information across different tables

Database management systems are programs which allow the user to create, filter, organize and search through data and allows different levels of access and users to access at the same time.

A hostile, intrusive annoying piece of software or code which infiltrates into the computer

People who find computers that are still logged on to their system and steal/damage or view private information of the owner

Small programs that replicate themselves and spread through networks by attaching to files- they change the system, damage or steal

information

irrelevant or unsolicited messages normally sent to a large number of recipients to advertise; for phishing or for spreading viruses

A threat which attempts to access financial or personal information or passwords normally by emails or instant messaging

A type of malware code which once activated normally tries to steal or access information

When someone steals s persons personal details in order to open bank accounts, cards, loans, passports or a driving license in their name

Include turning off the computers when unattended to protect information and prevent damage by people and the environment

Sequences of characters known only to the computer user to access information or a network

Used to intercept computer viruses before they become resident on the computer, can isolate the virus, remove it and sometimes can repair the damage

Used to monitor data arriving and leaving your computer to stop anything harmful or unwanted

Can codify data so it cannot be read by anyone who doesn't have the key to the code. An algorithm is applied to cipher the data at the receiving end.

Making a backup of data to recover it from damage, separate to the computer in a safe area to protect it from anything that could destroy the master system

A law to protect the personal data of the clients in databases

Damage to software or hardware caused without intent of harm e.g a natural disaster which results in the loss of data or hardware.

Glossary of IT terms- continued

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