Animal's form and function - created from Mind Map

Seite 1

Exchange with the environment

What makes an animal ?

Regulations

Energy acquisition

Different types of exchanges : Gas exchanges,Nutrients and waste, Heat exchanges

The amount of substances an animal needs to leave is proportional to the volume of a cell but the surface area for unit of volume ratio decrease as the cell gets bigger

Also exchanges between the cells through exchange medium

Several levels of organisation (cells, tissues, organs, system, organism)

4 types of tissues

Epithelial

Connective

Muscles

Nervous

Homeostasis = dynamic state of equilibrium

Thermoregulation (=ability to keep the optimal body temperature even when the surrounding temperature is different)

Endotherm (use their metabolic heat) ≠ Endotherm (doesn't use metabolic heat)

Poikilotherm ( the body temperature varies) ≠ Homeotherm(the body temperature is constant)

5 wayŝ of adaptationwhich help animal thermoregulation

Insulation

Regulation of blood circulation

Vaporization

Behavioral reactions

Adjustment of metabolic heat production

Metabolic rate = quantity of energy used by an animal during a given time; it’s the sum of all the biochemical reactions associated to energy expense during this period

Endotherms → basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Ectotherm → standard metabolic rate (SMR)

Link between energy and size, activity

Torpor = tate of really low metabolism (lower than the BMR and SMR) and decreased activity that allows animals to survive in unfavorable conditions and/or conserve energy

The smaller the organism's mass is, the higher its metabolic rate per mass of the body si

The more active an animal is, the more energy must be expended to maintain that activity, and the higher its metabolic rate will be