Important Topics to read up on

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Test Driven Development : Benefits, Limitations, Development cycle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test-driven_development

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What happens when a system is booted

System does POST (Power ON Self Test)

Locates Master Boot Record (MBR) usually first cylinder, first disk

Loads BootStrap Loader from MBR into the memory

Bootstrap loader loads OS into the memory

does init to run various daemons like networking, graphic card etc

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Design Patterns

Creational Design Patterns :

Abstract Factory : http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/abstract-factory-pattern/

Factory Method : http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/design-patterns-set-2-factory-method/

Builder : http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/builder-design-pattern/

SingleTon : http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/singleton-design-pattern/

Behavioral Pattern:

Observer Pattern : http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/observer-pattern-set-2-implementation/

Visitor Pattern : http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/visitor-design-pattern/