Geography: Rocks

1. 1Choose the sedimentary rock.

   1. Agneiss
   2. Bconglomerate
   3. Cgabbro
   4. Dslate
2. 2How is igneous rock formed?

   1. AMagma rises to the surface and as it does, it cools and crystallises (either above or below the surface).
      Larger crystals are formed when it cools slowly, and smaller crystals are formed when it cools quickly.
   2. BSediments are carried down to the river and are compacted and cemented.
3. 3Choose 2 metamorphic rocks.

   1. Agneiss
   2. Bsandstone
   3. Cobsidian
   4. Dmarble
4. 4The characteristics of igneous rocks are: they are coarse and have visible crystals.

   1. ARichtig
   2. BFalsch
5. 5Magma cools as it rises up to the surface, then crystallises to form igneous rock. Igneous rock then gets [blank_start]weathered[blank_end] (by physical, biological or [blank_start]chemical[blank_end] weathering), then [blank_start]eroded[blank_end] (when the smaller pieces of rock fall away from the big part) and transported by the [blank_start]river[blank_end] to the sea, where it gets [blank_start]deposited on the sea floor[blank_end]. This turns the igneous rock into [blank_start]soft sediments[blank_end], like mud and sand. These sediments get compacted and cemented, so they are [blank_start]pressed together in layers[blank_end] and their [blank_start]particles are stuck together[blank_end]. This creates sedimentary rock. Because the rock is now [blank_start]underground[blank_end], it gets heated and put under pressure - so it turns to [blank_start]metamorphic[blank_end] rock. Rocks that get [blank_start]heated too much underground[blank_end] melt again, and if this happens to metamorphic rock, it turns back into magma, and the cycle [blank_start]starts again[blank_end].

   1. Aweathered
   2. Bchemical
   3. Ceroded
   4. Driver
   5. Edeposited on the sea floor
   6. Fsoft sediments
   7. Gpressed together in layers
   8. Hparticles are stuck together
   9. Iunderground
   10. Jmetamorphic
   11. Kheated too much underground
   12. Lstarts again
6. 6Which one is the metamorphic rock?

   1. Aschist
   2. Bgranite
   3. Cpumice
7. 7Choose 2 sedimentary rocks.

   1. Alimestone
   2. Bbasalt
   3. Csandstone
   4. Dshale
8. 8Choose 3 igneous rocks?

   1. Agranite
   2. Bbasalt
   3. Csand
   4. Dpumice
   5. Epebbles
   6. Flimestone
   7. Gsandstone
9. 9[blank_start]Freeze-thaw[blank_end] weathering: Water in the rock cracks [blank_start]freezes[blank_end]. It expands and widens the cracks until it [blank_start]breaks[blank_end] the rock apart.

   1. AFreeze-thaw
   2. BExfoliation
   3. Cfreezes
   4. Dhardens
   5. Ebreaks
   6. Ftears
10. 10[blank_start]Exfoliation[blank_end]: Cracks develop [blank_start]parallel[blank_end] to the land surface; a consequence of the reduction in [blank_start]pressure[blank_end] during uplift and erosion.

    1. AExfoliation
    2. Bparallel
    3. Cpressure

11. 11[blank_start]Biological[blank_end] weathering: Trees put down their roots into cracks in the rock. They do this to [blank_start]find moisture[blank_end]. As the tree grows, the roots [blank_start]gradually prise the rock apart[blank_end].
    [blank_start]Animals[blank_end] bore into the rock by either [blank_start]scraping away[blank_end] at the grains or [blank_start]secreting an acid[blank_end] that dissolves the rock. They do this for [blank_start]protection[blank_end].
    [blank_start]Bacteria[blank_end] (e.g. lichen/algae) produce [blank_start]chemicals[blank_end] to break down the rock they live in. They do this so they can get the [blank_start]nutrients[blank_end] they need.

    1. ABiological
    2. BPhysical
    3. Cfind moisture
    4. Dsupport the tree
    5. Egradually prise the rock apart
    6. Fwiden the rock
    7. GAnimals
    8. HOrganisms
    9. Iscraping away
    10. Jeating away
    11. Ksecreting an acid
    12. Lproducing a chemical
    13. Mprotection
    14. Nsurvival
    15. OBacteria
    16. POrganisms
    17. Qnutrients
    18. Rmaterials
    19. Schemicals
    20. Tpoison
12. 12[blank_start]Chemical[blank_end] weathering: It's caused by [blank_start]rainwater[blank_end] reacting with mineral grains in rocks to form [blank_start]new minerals[blank_end] and soluble salts. These processes need [blank_start]water[blank_end] and [blank_start]warmth[blank_end].

    1. AChemical
    2. Brainwater
    3. Cnew minerals
    4. Dwater
    5. Ewarmth
13. 13[blank_start]Solution[blank_end]: The [blank_start]removal[blank_end] of rock in solution by acidic [blank_start]rainwater[blank_end].

    1. ASolution
    2. BExfoliation
    3. Cremoval
    4. Daddition
    5. Erainwater
    6. Fwater
14. 14[blank_start]Hydrolysis[blank_end]: The breakdown of rock by [blank_start]acidic water[blank_end] to produce [blank_start]clay[blank_end] and [blank_start]soluble[blank_end] salts.

    1. AHydrolysis
    2. Bacidic water
    3. Cclay
    4. Dsoluble
15. 15[blank_start]Oxidation[blank_end]: The breakdown of rock by [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] and [blank_start]water[blank_end].

    1. AOxidation
    2. Boxygen
    3. Cwater
16. 16Name the 5 soil forming factors.

    1. Aflora and fauna
    2. Bparent rock
    3. Csubsoil
    4. Drelief
    5. Eclimate
    6. Fweather
    7. Gtime
    8. Hmoisture
17. 17Flora and fauna: Flora is a type of [blank_start]vegetation[blank_end]. Fauna is a type of [blank_start]animal[blank_end]. They're micro-organisms which affect the rate at which [blank_start]humus[blank_end] forms, the [blank_start]recycling[blank_end] of nutrients, and the mixing of [blank_start]air[blank_end] and humus in the soil.

    1. Avegetation
    2. Banimal
    3. Chumus
    4. Drecycling
    5. Eair
18. 18Parent rock: It affects [blank_start]permeability[blank_end], mineral content, [blank_start]acidity[blank_end]/alkalinity and [blank_start]depth[blank_end], colour and texture.

    1. Apermeability
    2. Bacidity
    3. Cdepth
19. 19Time: It takes 3,000 to [blank_start]12,000[blank_end] years to create a layer of soil [blank_start]deep enough[blank_end] to support [blank_start]agriculture[blank_end].

    1. A12,000
    2. Bdeep enough
    3. Cagriculture
20. 20Climate: [blank_start]Temperature[blank_end] affects the rate of weathering, precipitation affects the type of [blank_start]vegetation[blank_end] that grows and the [blank_start]movement of water[blank_end] within the soil. Climate also affects the rate of [blank_start]weathering[blank_end] and the rate of vegetation [blank_start]decay[blank_end] and therefore, the [blank_start]formation[blank_end] of humus.

    1. ATemperature
    2. Bvegetation
    3. Cmovement of water
    4. Dweathering
    5. Edecay
    6. Fformation
21. 21Relief: This is affected by altitude, the [blank_start]steepness[blank_end] of the slope and aspect (the [blank_start]compass direction[blank_end] a slope faces e.g. an easterly aspect).

    1. Asteepness
    2. Bcompass direction
22. 22Characteristics of a sedimentary rock: [blank_start]bedding plains[blank_end]/layers and [blank_start]fossils[blank_end].

    1. Abedding plains
    2. Bfossils
23. 23A characteristic of a metamorphic rock: banded/[blank_start]foliated[blank_end] texture.

    1. Afoliated

Beschreibung

Key terms, rock cycle, examples of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

Autor

Moyo A

Sprache

English

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43

Schlagwörter

geographyyear 8

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