Quiz
1. The Endocrine System - Introduction
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1How many signalling pathways are there for chemical intracellular communication?
- A2
- B3
- C4
2Which are the 3 types of intracellular signalling pathways?
- AAutocrine Signalling Pathway
- BExocrine Signalling Pathway
- CParacrine Signalling Pathway
- DNeural Signalling Pathway
- EEndocrine Signalling Pathway
3In the Autocrine Signalling Pathway: A cell [blank_start]synthesises[blank_end] and [blank_start]excretes[blank_end] a chemical into the [blank_start]extracellular fluid[blank_end] which then [blank_start]binds[blank_end] to the [blank_start]receptor of the same cell[blank_end] to generate a response, as seen in the [blank_start]Immune System[blank_end].
- Asynthesises
- Bexcretes
- Cextracellular fluid
- Dbinds
- Ereceptor of the same cell
- FImmune System
4In the Paracrine Signalling Pathway: A cell [blank_start]synthesises[blank_end] and [blank_start]excretes[blank_end] a chemical into the [blank_start]extracellular fluid[blank_end], which then [blank_start]travels to nearby cells[blank_end].
- Asynthesises
- Bexcretes
- Cextracellular fluid
- Dtravels to nearby cells
5In the Endocrine Signalling Pathway: A cell [blank_start]synthesises[blank_end] and [blank_start]excretes[blank_end] a chemical ([blank_start]Hormone[blank_end]) into the [blank_start]blood[blank_end] or [blank_start]lymph[blank_end] system which [blank_start]travels[blank_end] a very [blank_start]long distance[blank_end], [blank_start]circulating[blank_end] throughout [blank_start]the body[blank_end], before affecting the target cell.
- Asynthesises
- Bexcretes
- CHormone
- Dblood
- Elymph
- Ftravels
- Glong distance
- Hcirculating
- Ithe body
6Hormones are not as [blank_start]specific[blank_end] as neurotransmitters, they can [blank_start]bind[blank_end] to many [blank_start]different[blank_end] cells to produce an [blank_start]activating[blank_end] or [blank_start]inhibitory influence[blank_end].
- Aspecific
- Bbind
- Cdifferent
- Dactivating
- Einhibitory influence
7Hormones come in many forms which can be broken into 3 categories:
[blank_start]Peptide hormones[blank_end] formed from [blank_start]proteins[blank_end].
[blank_start]Steroid hormones[blank_end] formed from [blank_start]Cholesterol[blank_end] or [blank_start]Lipids[blank_end].
[blank_start]Tyrosine derivative hormones[blank_end] formed from the [blank_start]amino acid[blank_end] [blank_start]Tyrosine[blank_end].- Aproteins
- BCholesterol
- CLipids
- DPeptide hormones
- ESteroid hormones
- FTyrosine derivative hormones
- Gamino acid
- HTyrosine
8Peptide hormones are formed in the [blank_start]RER[blank_end], before proceeding to the [blank_start]Golgi Apparatus[blank_end] in which they may be [blank_start]modified[blank_end]. Once modified it travels into our blood or [blank_start]lymphatic system[blank_end].
- ARER
- BGolgi Apparatus
- Cmodified
- Dlymphatic system
9Because Blood and Lymph consist mainly of [blank_start]water[blank_end] and [blank_start]Peptide[blank_end] Hormones are made from [blank_start]peptides[blank_end] which are [blank_start]water soluble[blank_end], they can [blank_start]dissolve[blank_end] in blood and lymph and therefore do not require a [blank_start]carrier protein[blank_end].
- Awater
- BPeptide
- Cpeptides
- Dwater soluble
- Edissolve
- Fcarrier protein
10[blank_start]Peptide[blank_end] Hormones are not [blank_start]lipid[blank_end] soluble so they can’t cross the [blank_start]phospholipid membrane[blank_end] of the target cell via [blank_start]passive diffusion[blank_end].
- APeptide
- Blipid
- Cphospholipid membrane
- Dpassive diffusion
11Because peptide hormones can't [blank_start]diffuse[blank_end] into target cells, they bind to [blank_start]receptor proteins[blank_end] found on the [blank_start]membrane[blank_end] to induce change. For example, opening a channel protein that can change [blank_start]ion concentration[blank_end] or [blank_start]trigger a secondary messenger system[blank_end] to travel into the cell to induce change.
- Adiffuse
- Breceptor proteins
- Cmembrane
- Dion concentration
- Etrigger a secondary messenger system
12Steroid Hormones are synthesised in the [blank_start]SER[blank_end] or the [blank_start]Mitochondria[blank_end] of cells.
- ASER
- BMitochondria
13[blank_start]Steroid hormones[blank_end] are [blank_start]lipid soluble[blank_end] opposed to water soluble meaning they cant [blank_start]dissolve[blank_end] in the blood, so they require [blank_start]carrier proteins[blank_end] to reach their target.
- ASteroid hormones
- Blipid soluble
- Cdissolve
- Dcarrier proteins
14[blank_start]Steroid hormones[blank_end] can cross the [blank_start]lipid soluble[blank_end] cell membrane of the target cell via [blank_start]passive diffusion[blank_end].
- ASteroid hormones
- Blipid soluble
- Cpassive diffusion
15Steroid hormones bind to receptor proteins found in the [blank_start]cytosol[blank_end] of cells. The [blank_start]receptor protein hormone complex[blank_end] travels into the [blank_start]nucleus[blank_end] to induce [blank_start]transcriptional[blank_end] change, triggering the synthesis of needed [blank_start]proteins[blank_end].
- Acytosol
- Breceptor protein hormone complex
- Cnucleus
- Dtranscriptional
- Eproteins
16[blank_start]Tyrosine[blank_end] Derivative Hormones are synthesised by the [blank_start]RER[blank_end] or [blank_start]specialised enzymes[blank_end] within the [blank_start]cytosol[blank_end] of cells.
- ATyrosine
- BRER
- Cspecialised enzymes
- Dcytosol
17Tyrosine [blank_start]Derivative[blank_end] Hormones can be either water soluble or [blank_start]lipid soluble[blank_end]. This means some don't require [blank_start]carrier proteins[blank_end] and induce change via [blank_start]receptor proteins[blank_end] on the [blank_start]cell membrane[blank_end] which they cannot cross... whilst others do require [blank_start]carrier proteins[blank_end] and cross the membrane to induce [blank_start]transcriptional change[blank_end] within the [blank_start]nucleus[blank_end] of a cell.
- ADerivative
- Bcarrier proteins
- Creceptor proteins
- Dcell membrane
- Ecarrier proteins
- Ftranscriptional change
- Gnucleus
- Hlipid soluble
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Introduction
- Autor
- Robert Diem
- Sprache
- English
- Aufrufe
- 23
- Schlagwörter
- Bewertung
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