14049983
Beschreibung
Quiz von Marina Martins, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Marina Martins
vor fast 6 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
When deoxygenated blood returns from circulation, it passes through the heart chambers and valves in what order?
Antworten
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RA > mitral valve > RV > pulmonary valve > LA > tricuspid valve > LV > aortic valve
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RA > tricuspid valve > RV > pulmonary valve > LA > mitral valve > LV > aortic valve
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LA > mitral valve > LV > pulmonary valve > RA > tricuspid valve > RV > aortic valve
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LA > pulmonary valve > LV > tricuspid valve > RA > aortic valve > RV > mitral valve
Frage 2
Frage
What artery directly provides the blood supply to the heart?
Antworten
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subclavian artery
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coronary arteries
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interlobular artery
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pulmonary artery
Frage 3
Frage
What is the correct order of an vein's structure, starting from the layer closest to the lumen?
Antworten
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endothelium > internal elastic lamina > tunica media > tunica adventitia
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epithelium > tunica muscularis > serosa > vaso vasorum > tunica media
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endothelium > tunica adventitia > internal elastic lamina . tunica media
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epithelium > tunica adventitia > serosa > tunica media > external elastic lamina
Frage 4
Frage
What provides proteins to nourish a capillary's endothelium?
Antworten
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pericytes
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endothelial cell
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internal elastic lamina
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basal lamina
Frage 5
Frage
Sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers are located in which arterial layer?
Antworten
-
tunica media
-
tunica adventitia
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tunica intima
-
internal elastic lamina
Frage 6
Frage
What are known as capacitance vessels?
Antworten
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veins
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arterioles
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capillaries
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large arteries
Frage 7
Frage
Which part of the capillary has the lowest filtration rate?
Antworten
-
venous end
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the filtration rate is the same throughout the capillary
-
arterial end
Frage 8
Frage
What is considered the pacemaker of the heart?
Antworten
-
sinoatrial node
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atrioventricular node
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purkinje system
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aortic valve
Frage 9
Frage
What is the correct order of conduction of the cardiac system?
Antworten
-
SA node > atria > AV node > purkinje system > ventricular muscle
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SA node > purkinje system > AV node > ventricular muscle > atria
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AV node > atria > SA node > purkinje system > ventricular muscle
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AV node > purkinje system > SA node > ventricular muscle > atria
Frage 10
Frage
What causes the "funny" current?
Antworten
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calcium using leaky channels to enter the cell
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opening of potassium channels
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sodium using leaky channels to enter the cell
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opening of calcium channels
Frage 11
Frage
Once threshold is hit during a pacemaker action potential, which ion channels open?
Antworten
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calcium
-
potassium
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sodium
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both potassium and sodium
Frage 12
Frage
What is the electrochemical link that allows cardiac muscle to act as a functional syncytium?
Antworten
-
gap junctions
-
desmosomes
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high mitochondrial density
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sarcomere
Frage 13
Frage
"Fast" type action potentials occur in which cardiac region?
Antworten
-
pacemaker
-
ventricles
Frage 14
Frage
Which cardiac tissue has a shorter action potential duration?
Antworten
-
pacemaker
-
ventricular tissue
Frage 15
Frage
AV valves are open during which stage(s) of the cardiac cycle?
Antworten
-
ventricular diastole only
-
ventricular diastole and atrial systole
-
ventricular systole only
-
ventricular systole and atrial systole
Frage 16
Frage
What valves are open during the isovolumetric phase of the cardiac cycle?
Antworten
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both AV and semilunar valves
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AV valves only
-
no valves are open
-
semilunar valves only
Frage 17
Frage
Overall, diastole makes up approximately what fraction of the cardiac cycle?
Antworten
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2/3
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1/2
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1/4
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1/3
Frage 18
Frage
Aortic pressure is highest during
Antworten
-
atrial systole
-
ventricular systole
-
isovolumetric phases
-
ventricular diastole
Frage 19
Frage
The dicrotic notch is caused by
Antworten
-
the closure of the aortic valve
-
the closure of the pulmonary valve
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the bulging of the AV valves
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the closure of the AV valves
Frage 20
Frage
"Lub dub" is often used to describe the heart sounds of the cardiac cycle. What causes the "dub?"
Antworten
-
closure of the AV valves
-
closure of the semilunar valves
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the rapid movement of blood in the ventricles
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opening of the AV valves
Frage 21
Frage
The QRS complex of an electrocardiogram refers to
Antworten
-
atrial depolarisation
-
ventricular depolarisation
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ventricular repolarisation
-
AV conduction time
Frage 22
Frage
Using an ECG, what defines a first degree AV block?
Antworten
-
prolonged PR intervals
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more P waves than QRS complexes
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P waves and QRS complexes are complete dissociated
Frage 23
Frage
What would cause a decrease in heart rate?
Antworten
-
increasing vagal tone
-
increasing sympathetic tone
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decreasing vagal tone
Frage 24
Frage
An abnormally low heart rate is known as
Antworten
-
bradycardia
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tachycardia
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normocardia
-
arrhythmia
Frage 25
Frage
What could cause a lowered ventricular ejection fraction?
Antworten
-
increased stroke volume
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decreased stroke volume
-
decreased end diastolic volume
Frage 26
Frage
Which would increase cardiac output?
Antworten
-
beta-adrenoceptor agonist
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muscarinic agonist
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increased afterload
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decreased preload
Frage 27
Frage
Preload is synonymous with
Antworten
-
venous pressure
-
arterial pressure
-
peripheral resistance
-
arterial volume
Frage 28
Frage
The energy of contraction of a cardiac muscle fiber is proportional to the initial fiber length at rest. This is known as
Antworten
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bohr's law
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starling's law
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wolff's law
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poiseuille's law
Frage 29
Frage
Which of the following is a short-term regulator of blood pressure?
Antworten
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baroreceptor regulation
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renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
-
natriuretic peptides
-
vasopressin
Frage 30
Frage
What type of myocytes directly respond to both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation?
Antworten
-
atrial myocytes
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ventricular myocytes
-
both atrial and ventricular myocytes
Frage 31
Frage
What type of innervation would result in decreased inotropy?
Antworten
-
parasympathetic innervation
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sympathetic innervation
Frage 32
Frage
Baroreceptors are located in which layer of the arterial wall?
Antworten
-
tunica adventitia
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tunica media
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basal lamina
-
endothelium
Frage 33
Frage
Baroreceptors are located in the
Antworten
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aortic arch
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carotid sinus
-
aortic arch and carotid sinus
Frage 34
Frage
How would a decrease in blood pressure affect baroreceptor firing?
Antworten
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baroreceptor firing would rapidly increase during the change in pressure but eventually stabilize at a slightly faster firing rate
-
there would be a brief halt in firing during the change in blood pressure with a lowered rate of firing after the change
-
baroreceptor firing would be unaffected
-
baroreceptor firing would rapidly increase during the change but eventually stabilize at a lowered firing rate
Frage 35
Frage
Changes in blood pressure are sensed by which part of the brain?
Antworten
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medulla oblongata
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pons
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cerebral cortex
-
hypothalamus
Frage 36
Frage
What would activate the renin-angiontensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
Antworten
-
increased blood pressure
-
increased parasympathetic innervation
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increased sympathetic innervation
-
decreased NaCl load
Frage 37
Frage
What regulates vasopressin release?
Antworten
-
baroreceptors
-
atrial receptors
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ventricular receptors
-
both baroreceptors and atrial receptors
Frage 38
Frage
What is NOT caused by natriuretic peptide release?
Antworten
-
glomerular arteriole dilation
-
lowered TPR
-
inhibition of RAAS
-
increased blood volume
Frage 39
Frage
'Internal transfusion' occurs during
Antworten
-
hypertension
-
hypovolaemia
-
hypervolaemia
-
increased sympathetic innervation
Frage 40
Frage
Which type of thrombosis has a large platelet component?
Antworten
-
arterial thrombosis
-
venous thrombosis
-
all types of thromboses
Frage 41
Frage
What would inhibit platelet adhesion?
Antworten
-
increased release of serotonin
-
increased thromboxane synthesis
-
increase in platelet cGMP
-
decrease in platelet cAMP
Frage 42
Frage
What is the enzymatic process in platelet adhesion involving the conversion of proenzymes to active enzymes?
Antworten
-
coagulation cascade
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haemostasis
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contact activation
-
fibrinolysis
Frage 43
Frage
Which of the following is an endogenous anticoagulant?
Antworten
-
thromboxane
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ATIII
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serotonin
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ADP
Frage 44
Frage
Which of the following would inhibit coagulation?
Antworten
-
increasing vitamin K synthesis
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blocking ATIII synthesis
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use of a calcium chelator
-
lowering platelet cAMP
Frage 45
Frage
Which drug acts independently of ATIII?
Antworten
-
hirudin
-
heparin
-
LMW heparin
Frage 46
Frage
Which parasite can cause pulmonary thromboembolism in dogs?
Antworten
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Toxocara
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Dirofilaria
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Leishmania
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Filaroides
Frage 47
Frage
Which lead is most commonly displayed on an ECG?
Antworten
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Lead I
-
Lead II
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Lead III
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Lead IV
Frage 48
Frage
Which pulse site is more sensitive to lowered blood pressure?
Antworten
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peripheral
-
central
-
there is no difference
Frage 49
Frage
While monitoring anesthesia for a patient during an orthopaedic procedure, you noticed the O2 saturation is at 99% while EtCO2 is 80 mmHg as well. Is the patient well ventilated? Which value would determine this?
Antworten
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No because of the high EtCO2
-
No because of the high O2
-
Yes because of the high O2
-
Yes because of the high EtCO2
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