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Quiz von Med Student , aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Frage 1
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In chronic lympholeukemia in the liver can be seen
Antworten
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myeloblasts
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mature lymphocytes and single lymphoblasts
-
focal leukemic infiltrates in the portal spaces
-
leukemic infiltrates in the sinusoids
Frage 2
Frage
Chronic myeloleukemia causes the following changes in liver
Antworten
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effaced lobular structure
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hypertrophy and hyperplasia of hepatocytes
-
atrophy of hepatocytes
-
leukemic infiltrates in the sinusoids
Frage 3
Frage
In chronic myeloleukemia we observe the following
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long remissions even without treatment
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extreme hepato-splenomegaly
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anemia, hemorrhages, infections
-
splenic infarctions
Frage 4
Frage
Which are the clinical phases of chronic myeloleukemia?
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chronic stable phase
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accelerated phase
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blast crisis
-
none of the above
Frage 5
Frage
In Hodgkin lymphoma, mixed cellularity type
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there can be seen numerous eosinophils
-
we can observe areas with necrosis
-
intact histological lymph node structure
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giant bi-nucleated cells, called ‘mirror image"
Frage 6
Frage
Plasmocytoma has the following features:
Antworten
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Reed-Sternberg tumor cells
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Jelly-like raspberry red osteolytic bone lesion
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The tumor cells have a large vacuolar nucleus with prominent nucleolus
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The tumor cells have a round eccentric nucleus with a pale halo around it
Frage 7
Frage
Which of the following are examples of pathological processes in the oral cavity that can have an effect of internal organs?
Antworten
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scarlet fever
-
peritonsilar abscess
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epulis
-
oral squamous cell carcinoma
Frage 8
Frage
Which avitaminosis can be associated with changes in the oral cavity?
Antworten
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vit. B6
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vit. B12
-
vit. D
-
none of the above
Frage 9
Frage
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause the following changes in the oral cavity
Antworten
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Glossomegaly
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Hunter’s tongue ( atrophic glossitis)
-
Geographic tongue
-
Fibrinous gingivitis
Frage 10
Frage
What type of examination you will suggest to your patient if you diagnose him/her with atrophic glossitis (Hunter’s tongue)?
Antworten
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colonoscopy
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dermatoscopy
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gastroscopy
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hysteroscopy
Frage 11
Frage
If a patient with atrophic glossitis is examined with gastroscopy, what can be the findings in gastric mucosa?
Antworten
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Menetrier’s disease
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Atrophic autoimmune gastritis
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Acute fibrinous gastritsis
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None of the above
Frage 12
Frage
The risk of which disease does atrophic autoimmune gastritis carry?
Antworten
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acute gastritis
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atrophy of the colonic mucosa
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rectal cancer
-
gastric cancer
Frage 13
Frage
What are the usual changes in leukoplakia?
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the epithelium is hyperkeratotic
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acanthosis in the epithelium
-
chronic inflammation
-
dysplasia in the epithelium can be observed
Frage 14
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What can we observe in leukoplakia?
Antworten
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parakeratosis
-
dysplasia
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carcinoma in situ
-
diabetes
Frage 15
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Which of the following 15 true of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland
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it is a benign tumor
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it contains hyperplastic fatty tissue
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it is firm and lobulated
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it is painful and inflamed
Frage 16
Frage
In chronic tonsillitis we can observe the following
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purulent exudate
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hypertrophic tonsillitis
-
atrophic tonsillitis
-
it is a predisposing factor for the formation of epulis
Frage 17
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The typical histological picture of epulis includes
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Langhans giant multinuclear cells
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Fresh heamorrhages and hemosiderin
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Osteoclast-type multinuclear giant cells
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It is a true tumor
Frage 18
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Adamantinoma (amelloblastoma) is
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a true tumor
-
an odontogenic tumor
-
when compressed the sound is described as flapping wings
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when it is compressed the sound is described as eggshell cracking
Frage 19
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Why is it necessary to comment on the presence or absence of H.pylori in gastric biopsies?
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H. pylori is a risk factor for MALT lymphoma
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H. pylori is a risk factor for duodenal cancer
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H. pylori causes chronic gastritis
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H. pylori is a severe fungal infection
Frage 20
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Which of the following are possible complications of chronic gastric ulcer?
Antworten
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penetration into the diaphragm
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perforation
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pyloric stenosis
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massive hemorrhage
Frage 21
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Which special stain help us determine the presence of H. pylori in gastric biopsies?
Antworten
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Van Gieson
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Giemsa
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Congo Red
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Immunohistochemistry
Frage 22
Frage
The following changes can be observed in acute duodenal ulcer
Antworten
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fibrinoid necrosis at the ulcer base
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inflammatory infiltrate with lymphocytes and plasma cells
-
ulceration penetrating through muscularis mucosae, reaching muscularis propria
-
it often undergoes malignant transformation
Frage 23
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What histological types of gastric cancer do you recognize?
Antworten
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adenocarcinoma
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signet-ring cell carcinoma
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squamous cell carcinoma
-
mucinous adenocarcinoma
Frage 24
Frage
In phlegmonous appendicitis we can observe the following
Antworten
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peri-appendicitis
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lymphocytic infiltration in the mucosa
-
neutrophilic infiltration throughout the thickness of the wall of the appendix
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constriction of the blood vessels of the serosa
Frage 25
Frage
Phlegmonous appendicitis is characterized by
Antworten
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purulent exudate in the lumen
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hypoplasia of the lymph follicles
-
hyperplastic activated lymph follicles
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hyperemic blood vessels of the serosa
Frage 26
Frage
Gangrenous appendicitis is characterized by
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lymphocytic infiltration of the mucosa
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thrombosis of blood vessels
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necrosis of the wall of the appendix
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severe inflammation through the wall of the appendix
Frage 27
Frage
What are the causes which may lead to micro-nodular liver cirrhosis?
Antworten
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acute viral hepatitis
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chronic viral hepatitis
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cardiogenic shock
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chronic alcoholism
Frage 28
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Which of the types of necrosis are found in chronic active hepatitis?
Antworten
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piece-meal necrosis
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adjacent necrosis
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bridging necrosis
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caseous necrosis
Frage 29
Frage
Why the level of calcium in the blood has prognostic value in acute pancreatitis?
Antworten
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calcium is deposited in the bones
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calcium levels in the blood lower with the progression of steato-necrosis
-
calcium reacts with fatty acids to form soaps
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it has no prognostic value
Frage 30
Frage
Some of the gross features of acute pancreatitis are
Antworten
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enlarged liver
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steatonecrosis of the fatty tissue around and inside the pancreas
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hemorrhages in the tissues of the pancreas
-
fibrosis in the tissues of the pancreas
Frage 31
Frage
What histological changes can be observed in chronic hepatitis?
Antworten
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chronic cholecystitis
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inflammatory infiltrates
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massive necrosis of hepatocytes
-
fibrotic septa
Frage 32
Frage
Chronic cholecystitis is characterized by the following
Antworten
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often it is accompanied by cholelithiasis
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it has no association with cholelithiasis
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can cause adhesions
-
it is caused by viral infection
Frage 33
Frage
Which of the following can be complications caused by chronic cholecystitis?
Antworten
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peritonitis
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obstruction of d. choledochus
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cholestasis
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pancreatitis
Frage 34
Frage
After consuming poisonous mushrooms, a patient shows signs of acute liver failure with progressive reduction of the size of the liver. What process has developed in the liver?
Antworten
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acute viral hepatitis
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massive hepatic necrosis
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hepatocellular carcinoma
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none of the above
Frage 35
Frage
After consuming poisonous mushrooms, a patient shows signs of acute liver failure with progressive reduction of the size of the liver. Besides liver failure, what other complication can worsen the patient’s clinical condition?
Antworten
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left sided heart failure
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right sided heart failure
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pyelonephritis
-
acute renal failure
Frage 36
Frage
Which of the following can occur after a streptococcal tonsillitis?
Antworten
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post-infectious cholecystitis
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post-infectious glomerulonephritis
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minimal change disease of the kidneys
-
acute rheumatism
Frage 37
Frage
Which types of glomerulonephritis are clinically presented by nephritic syndrome
Antworten
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diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis
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rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
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minimal change disease
-
membranous glomerulonephritis
Frage 38
Frage
Which types of glomerulonephritis are clinically presented by nephrotic syndrome
Antworten
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diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis
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rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
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minimal change disease
-
membranous glomerulonephritis
Frage 39
Frage
What findings can be observed in glomerulonephritis?
Antworten
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Klebsiella
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E.coli
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Streptococcus
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The urine is sterile
Frage 40
Frage
Which type of glomerulonephritis is ‘crescentic’?
Antworten
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minimal change disease
-
rapidly progressing glomerulonepbhritis
-
membranous glomerulonephritis
-
diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis
Frage 41
Frage
‘Big white kidney’ can be observed in the following cases
Antworten
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rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
-
amyloidosis of the kidney
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minimal change disease
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nephrosclerosis glomerulonephritica
Frage 42
Frage
Which of the following histological changes are associated with tubal pregnancy?
Antworten
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chorionic villi and decidual changes of the endometrium
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monstrous trophoblast, hydropic chorionic villi
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hematoma in fallopian tube, chronic villi invading the muscle layer of the tube, decidual changes of the endometrium
-
cervical intraepithelial lesion, third grade
Frage 43
Frage
Which of the following histological changes are associated with mola hydatidosa?
Antworten
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chronic villi and decidual changes of the endometrium
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monstrous trophoblast, hydropic chorionic villi without fetal blood capillaries
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hematoma in the fallopian tube, chorionic villi invading the muscle layer of the tube, decidual changes of the endometrium
-
cervical intraepithelial lesion, third grade
Frage 44
Frage
Which of the following histological changes are associated with abortion (miscarriage)?
Antworten
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chronic villi and decidual changes of the endometrium
-
monstrous trophoblast, hydropic chorionic villi without fetal blood capillaries
-
hematoma in the fallopian tube, chorionic villi invading the muscle layer of the tube, decidual changes of the endometrium
-
cervical intraepithelial lesion, third grade
Frage 45
Frage
Specify the associated clinical symptoms in dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix
Antworten
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no clinical symptoms
-
scarce contact bleeding
-
fever
-
enlarged inguinal lymph nodes
Frage 46
Frage
Why if curettage from a suspected pregnancy shows only decidual changes, the gynecologist should be notified immediately?
Antworten
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there is an increased risk for endometrial carcinoma
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there is an increased risk of associated mola hydatidosa
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there is an increased risk of associated intraepithelial lesion of the cervix
-
there is a high risk of associated tubal pregnancy
Frage 47
Frage
Mola hydatidosa has the following characteristics
Antworten
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grossly it resembles grape-like structures
-
chronic villi have fetal capillaries
-
chronic villi are with hydropic edema
-
chronic villi lack fetal blood vessels
Frage 48
Frage
Examples of ovarian cysts are
Antworten
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follicular cyst
-
cystadenoma papilliferum
-
mature teratoma (dermoid cyst)
-
colloid cyst
Frage 49
Frage
Which hormones play a role in breast diseases?
Antworten
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somatotropin
-
oxytocin
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estrogen
-
progesterone
Frage 50
Frage
How does the breast cancer metastasize?
Antworten
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primarily via lymphogenic spread
-
distantly via hematogenous spread
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fibro-epithelial spread
-
apocrine spread
Frage 51
Frage
Select the epithelial ovarian tumors
Antworten
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Granulosa cell tumor
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Thecoma
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Brenner’s tumor
-
Androblastoma
Frage 52
Frage
Which of the following are epithelial ovarian tumors?
Antworten
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Thecoma
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Serous cystadenoma
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Dysgerminoma
-
Brenner’s tumor
Frage 53
Frage
Which of the following are sex-cord stromal ovarian tumors?
Antworten
-
granulosa cell tumor
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thecoma
-
dysgerminoma
-
androblastoma
Frage 54
Frage
Which of the following ovarian tumors are benign?
Antworten
-
papillary cystadenoma
-
papillary cystadenocarcinoma
-
dysgerminoma
-
thecoma
Frage 55
Frage
Which of the following ovarian tumors are malignant?
Antworten
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serous cystadenoma
-
endodermal yolk sac tumor
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thecoma
-
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Frage 56
Frage
In fibro-cystic breast disease we find the following
Antworten
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solitary nodule
-
multiple nodules
-
cysts
-
papillary proliferaations
Frage 57
Frage
In fibroadenoma of the breast we find
Antworten
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multiple nodules
-
cysts
-
solitary nodule
-
proliferated mammary ducts and stroma
Frage 58
Frage
Benign prostate hyperplasia is seen most commonly in
Antworten
-
median lobe
-
subcapsular prostate tissue
-
lateral lobes
-
periurethral prostate tissue
Frage 59
Frage
Prostate carcinoma is usually seen in
Antworten
-
lateral lobes
-
posterior lobe
-
periurethral prostate tissue
-
subcapsular prostate tissue
Frage 60
Frage
Which two markers are valuable for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma?
Antworten
-
PSA
-
HER2
-
PAP
-
Estrogen receptors
Frage 61
Frage
What pathogenetic mechanism can be used for the therapy of prostate carcinoma?
Antworten
-
hormonal therapy - anti-testosterone drugs
-
hormonal therapy - anti-progesterone drugs
-
treatment with monoclonal antibodies
Frage 62
Frage
Which of the following types of cancer metastasize to bone?
Antworten
-
ovarian cancer
-
renal cancer
-
breast cancer
-
thyroid gland cancer
Frage 63
Frage
Bone metastases are observed in which
Antworten
-
gastric cancer
-
ovarian cancer
-
prostate cancer
-
breast cancer
Frage 64
Frage
Which of the following statements are true for Grave’s disease
Antworten
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it is the most common cause for hypothyroidism
-
exophthalmos in some patients
-
pretibial myxedema
-
usually most patients are euthyroid
Frage 65
Frage
The following is true for Grave’s disease
Antworten
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it causes hyperthyroidism
-
autoantibodies against TSH-receptors
-
affects more men than women
-
thyroid stimulating IgG is the cause
Frage 66
Frage
Histologically in Grave’s disease we can find
Antworten
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nodular colloid goiter
-
signs of thyroid hyperfunction
-
small thyroid follicles with small amounts of diluted colloid
-
many resorbtive vacuoles in the thyroid follicles
Frage 67
Frage
In nodular toxic goiter we can observe the following
Antworten
-
exophthalmos
-
there are found autoantibodies against TSH-receptors
-
pretibial myxedema
-
colloid nodular goiter
Frage 68
Frage
Which of the following are renal complications of diabetes?
Antworten
-
arteriolo-hyalinosis of vas afferens and vas efferens
-
chronic pyelonephritis
-
diffuse and segmental glomerulosclerosis
-
diabetic retinopathy
Frage 69
Frage
In goiter we observe
Antworten
-
cystically dilated thyroid follicles
-
histological accommodation of the epithelium lining the follicles
-
papillary folds of the epithelium of the follicles
-
diluted, scarce colloid
Frage 70
Frage
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is characterized by
Antworten
-
the thyroid follicles are dilated, filled with large amounts of concentrated colloid
-
atypical looking cells called oncocytes
-
the thyroid follicles are replaced by lymph follicles
-
these lymphoid follicles have pale germinal centers
Frage 71
Frage
Pneumococcus usually causes infections of the CNS in
Antworten
-
newboms
-
adults
-
teenagers
-
toddlers
Frage 72
Frage
Haemophylus influenze is the most common etiological agent for infections of the CNS in
Antworten
-
newborns
-
adults
-
teenagers
-
toddlers
Frage 73
Frage
Escherichia coli is the most common etiological agent from infections of the CNS in
Antworten
-
newborns
-
adults
-
teenagers
-
toddlers
Frage 74
Frage
Neisseria meningitidis is the most common etiological agent from infections of the CNS in
Antworten
-
newborns
-
adults
-
teenagers
-
toddlers
Frage 75
Frage
Which of the following statements are true for tumors of the CNS?
Antworten
-
metastatic tumors to the brain are more common than the primary
-
primary tumors of the CNS often metastasize outside the CNS
-
primary tumors of the CNS almost never metastasize outside the CNS
-
most important factor for the outcome is the tumor location
Frage 76
Frage
Which are the purposes of pathological autopsy?
Antworten
-
to accuse the clinicians of medical malpractice
-
to establish the cause of death and the definitive diagnosis
-
to help and educate clinicians and to improve their work
-
to help the-relatives of the deceased to convict the doctors
Frage 77
Frage
Which are the conditions for an autopsy to be done?
Antworten
-
death occurred in a hospital due to a disease
-
available medical history of the patient
-
presence of the treating doctor
-
all of the listed above
Frage 78
Frage
What are the characteristics of a frozen section?
Antworten
-
urgent diagnosis given during an operation
-
the preparation of the tissue samples is done by a paraffin method
-
the preparation of the tissue samples is done on a freezing microtome
-
sometimes the diagnosis is not exactly clear because of the preparation method but information like “malignant tumor”, “benign tumor” or “inflammation” is given to the surgeons to know how to proceed with the operation
Frage 79
Frage
Which fixative is most commonly used?
Antworten
-
Bouin solution
-
Absolute alcohol
-
Formalin 10%
-
Salts of heavy metals
Frage 80
Frage
What fixative should be used for a liver biopsy from a baby with a suspected inherited metabolic disease?
Antworten
-
Formalin 10
-
1,5-4% glutaraldehyde
-
Frozen section
-
Zenker’s fixative
Frage 81
Frage
What is the role of immunohistochemical stains?
Antworten
-
to give urgent answers about the diagnosis or at least orientation about the pathological process during surgery
-
to determine the histogenesis of the tumor especially in highly undifferentiated malignant tumors
-
to determine the proliferative activity and the hormonal receptors of the tumor that is highly important for the treatment
-
to help determine the cause of death
Frage 82
Frage
Cytokeratin, S-100 protein, Vimentin, Desmin, CD-20 are examples of
Antworten
-
special stains to prove different substances
-
immunohistochemical markers
Frage 83
Frage
In which cases a pathological autopsy is performed?
Antworten
-
when there is suspicion for diagnostic or therapeutic malpractice
-
death of a person outside the hospital
-
when there is suspicion of violent death
-
death of a patient in the hospital and when the relatives don’t ask the principal to cancel the autopsy
Frage 84
Frage
Which of the followings is not a part of performing an autopsy
Antworten
-
dissection of organ
-
opening the body
-
taking biopsy from organ change
-
extraction of abdominal and thoracic organs
Frage 85
Frage
Size, shape, elasticity, consistency, color and cut surface are characteristics of
Antworten
-
microscopic examination of organs
-
gross examination of organs
-
ultramicroscopic examination of organs
-
none of the listed
Frage 86
Frage
Indicate correctly the name of the described test.
The pericardial sac is cut in Y-like section and filled with water, after that, in the presence of a witness, the right ventricle is punctured with a knife
Antworten
-
test for thromboembolism
-
test for pneumothorax
-
test for air and gas embolism
-
test for fat embolism
Frage 87
Frage
Indicate correctly the name of the described test.
The pulmonary artery is cut at the place of truncus pulmonalis. Tweezers are inserted and the content of the artery is taken out for examinationion
Antworten
-
test for pneumothorax
-
test for air and gas embolism
-
test for thromboembolism
-
test for fat embolism
Frage 88
Frage
Indicate correctly the name of the described test.
A pocket between the skin and the ribs is formed and is filled with water. In the presence of a witness, the thorax is punctured with a thin knife in an intercostal space
Antworten
-
test for air and gas embolism
-
test for fat embolism
-
test for thromboembolism
-
test for pneumothorax
Frage 89
Frage
Where is the main accumulation of glycogen in patients with diabetes?
Antworten
-
in epithelial cells of convoluted tubules and Henle’s loop
-
in epithelial cells of gastrointestinal mucosa
-
in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes
-
endothelial cells of the vessels
Frage 90
Frage
The abnormal inclusions in the hepatocytes in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency are composed of
Antworten
-
glycogen
-
lipids
-
bile
-
proteins
Frage 91
Frage
PAS reaction with PAS control is used to distinguish
Antworten
-
Cholesterol from other lipids
-
Glycogen from mucus
-
DNA from RNA
-
Denaturated intracellular proteins from accumulated extracellular proteins
Frage 92
Frage
PAS-control is done using
Antworten
-
sulfuric acid
-
hydrochloric acid
-
amylase
-
picric acid
Frage 93
Frage
What is the relation between fatty degeneration of the liver and diabetes?
Antworten
-
there is no relation between them
-
patients with diabetes have increased intake of lipids to provide more energy
-
the fatty liver in diabetes is caused by increased lipolysis and increased delivery of fatty acids in the liver
-
the fatty liver leads to diabetes mellitus
Frage 94
Frage
What is android type of obesity?
Antworten
-
also called “male”or “apple” type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
-
also called “female” or “pear’’type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax
-
generalized obesity predominantly in the tights, hips and legs
Frage 95
Frage
What is gynoid type of obesity?
Antworten
-
also called “male”or “apple” type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
-
also called “female”or “pear”type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax
-
generalized obesity predominantly in the tights, hips and legs
Frage 96
Frage
What is upper type of obesity?
Antworten
-
also called “male”or “apple” type, accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
-
also called “female”or “pear”type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax
-
generalized obesity predominantly in the tights, hips and legs
Frage 97
Frage
What is lower type of obesity?
Antworten
-
also called “male” or “apple” type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
-
also called “female”or “pear”’type - accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax
-
generalized obesity predominantly in the tights, hips and legs
Frage 98
Frage
Which type of obesity has worse prognosis?
Antworten
-
gynoid type
-
male type
-
the obesity doesn’t affect the patient’s health
-
all of the obesity types have the same prognosis
Frage 99
Frage
Haemolytic jaundice is characterized by the following laboratory findings:
Antworten
-
increased indirect bilirubin in the serum, hypercholic stools and increased urobilinogen in the urine
-
both types of bilirubin are increased in the serum, normal colour of the stools, both bilirubin and urobilinogen are increased in the urine
-
increased direct bilirubin in the serum, hypoholic or acholic stool, increased bilirubin in the urine
-
none of the above
Frage 100
Frage
Mechanical jaundice is characterized by the following laboratory findings
Antworten
-
increased indirect bilirubin in the serum, hypercholic stools and increased urobilinogen in the urine
-
both types of bilirubin are increased in the serum, normal colour of the stools, both bilirubin and urobilinogen are increased in the urine
-
increased direct bilirubin in the serum, hypocholic or acholic stools, increased bilirubin in the urine
-
none of the above
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