IBS - Embryology Quiz

What does the Morula become?

The inner cell mass differentiates into which two structures?

The primitive streak indicates that gastrulation is occurring.

What is gastrulation?

The Ectoderm is destined to become what structures?

The Mesoderm is destined to become which structures?

The Endoderm is destined to become which structures?

The Notochord is important in signal secretion for nervous system development.

The primitive node is the "organiser" of the trilaminar embryo, and releases signalling molecules like NODAL, BMP4 and Noggin.

Neurulation is the formation of the neural tube. The embryonic plate elongates and folding creates a neural groove and neural plate. Somites, ridges either side of the groove form. Continued folding leads to a tube structure forming. The anterior and posterior neuropores then close, forming a neural tube.

The notochord release BMP that patterns the ventral side of the neural tube.

BMP is released which patterns the dorsal side of the neural tube.

Spina Bifida is caused by what?

Mutations in SHH can lead to what?

The mesoderm differentiates into which layers?

Folding of the parietal layer of the lateral plate mesoderm produces the precursor to the GI tract.

Somites differentiate into what three 'tomes'?

HOX genes are not responsible for coding for particular segments of body structures

Pharyngeal arches are located where?

There are 5 pharyngeal arches; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th.

Neural crest cell migration is important in forming the ectodermal placodes. The crest cells aid in the formation of sensory ganglia of certain cranial nerves. Which cranial nerves are these and what conditions may result due to migration failure?

Migrated neural crest cells can form 'cartilages' in the arches such as Meckel's cartilage. What is its function?

Which cranial nerve innervates the 1st pharyngeal arch?

Which cranial nerve innervates the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

Which cranial nerve innervates the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

Which cranial nerve innervates the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

Which components of the skull are made from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

Which components of the skull are made from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

Which components of the skull are made from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

The medial and lateral nasal prominences join together to make the nose.

The fusion of the medial nasal prominences forms the secondary palate

The maxillary prominences fuse together to form the secondary palate

What condition(s) are caused by failure of the nasal, mandibular and maxillary prominences to fuse?