Quiz
MSC Quiz
Fragen in diesem Quiz (109)
1Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of water in the nephron via which process?
- ASynthesis of glucose channels
- BIncreasing the flow of filtrate
- CUpregulation of epithelial sodium channels
- DExcretion of water
2Which of the following produce antibodies
- AErythrocytes
- BT lymphocytes
- CB lymphocytes
- DThrombocytes
3which of the following provides the correct definition of cor pulmonale
- Aabnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart as a result of diesease of the lungs or the pulmonary blood vessels
- Babnormal enlaregemnt of the left side of the heart as a resukt of disease of the lungs or the pulmonary blood vessels
- Cabnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart as a resukt of an increase in systemic afterload
- Dabnormal enlargement of the left side of the heart as a result of an increase in right sided afterload
4During myocyte depolarisation this outside of the cell become:
- Apositive
- Bnegative
- Cstays the same
- Dbecome hyperpolerized
5What is the source of energy used to power the sodium-potassium pump?
- Abreakdown of ATP
- Bformation of ATP
- Ctransport of ATP by the pump
- Dbreakdown of GTP
6which of the following is true?
- AIn systolic heart failure the heart’s ejection fraction increases
- BIn systolic heart failure the heart’s ejection fraction stays the same
- CIn systolic heart failure the heart’s ejection fraction decreases
- DIn diastolic heart failure the ejection fraction increases
7During myocardial diastole the sodium / potassium pump:
- APumps out 3 sodium ion and pump in 2 potassium ions
- BPumps out 6 sodium ions and pumps in 4 potassium ions
- CPumps in 3 sodium ions and pumps out 2 potassium ions
- DPumps in 6 sodium ions and pumps out 4 potassium ions
8Which of the following types of emphysema is most commonly associated with smoking and chronic bronchitis
- AParaseptal
- BPanacinar
- CCentriacinar
- DIrregular
9Haemoglobin
- Ais composed of four identical subunits
- Bhas iron at the centre of haem groups which must be in the ferrous form to bind O2
- Cbinding of oxygen is reduced in the presence of high Pco2 because CO2 and O2 compete for the same binding sites on haemoglobin
- Dvariants (such as fetal haemoglobin) often differ from normal adult haemoglobin in the precise structure of the haem group.
10Which of the following is a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system?
- AAcetylcholine
- BNorepinephrine
- CVasopressin
- DEnoximone
11The alveolar pores that enable collateral ventilation are called:
- APores of Oddi
- BPores of Kohn
- CPores of Dalton
- DPores of Boyles
12Peripheral chemoreceptors are highly responsive to:
- ADysponea
- BCoughing
- CHypoxemia
- DBreath holding
13Aspirin is given in the treatment of myocardial infarction in order to prevent platelet aggregation. Which of the following effects means it is useful in this situation?
- AInhibition of actin myosin filaments in platelets
- BInhibition of thromboxane A2
- CInhibition of collagen
- DInhibition of calcium
14During myocyte (heart cell) depolarisation, the inside of the cell becomes momentarily:
- Apositive
- Bnegative
- Celectrically neutral
- Dunchanged
15The Law stating that the more the ventricle is filled with blood during diastole (end-diastolic volume), the greater the volume of ejected blood will be during the resulting systolic contraction (stroke volume) is the:
- AFrank-Starling’s Law
- BCushing’s Law
- CVirchow’s triad Law
- DBest-Banting Law
16The anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates results in the production of:
- ACitric acids
- Bketo acids
- Clactic acid
- Dhydrochloric acid
17Flattened T waves on an ECG can signify:
- A1st Degree heart block
- BHyperkaleamia
- CHypokaleamia
- DAtrial fibrillation
18The diuretic Spironolactone interferes with the action of which endogenous hormone?
- AVasopressin
- BRenin
- CAldosterone
- DAnti Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
19During acidosis the pH scale moves
- Aup
- Bdown
- Cstays the same
- Dmoves to one
20A disease caused by the demyelination of the oligodendrocytes
- AMyasthenia gravis
- BMultiple sclerosis
- CAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- DParkinson’s disease
21Intra-plural pressure is:
- Apositive
- Bnegative
- Cthe same as atmospheric pressure
- Dhigher than atmospheric pressure
22Concerning fats, when triglyceride molecules contain only single carbon bonds (c-c-c) these are referred to as:
- APoly unsaturated fats
- Bsaturated fats
- CHyper-carbonated fats
- DMono unsaturated
23With a nasal cannula in-situ @ 2L O2 what % increase in FiO2 will there be
- A21 %
- B50%
- C100%
- D31%
24Which of the following is a restrictive lung disease:
- AAsthma
- BPneumoconiosis
- CEmphysema
- DChronic bronchitis
25Heart failure results in which of the following type of hypoxia
- AAnaemic hypoxia
- BHisto-toxic
- CHypoxic
- DStagnant
26Type II pneumocytes in the lung are the major source of
- AIgG
- Bcytokines
- Coxygen
- Dsurfactant proteins (SP)
27A reduction in lung compliance would lead to a
- AObstructive lung disease
- BType II respiratory failure
- CRestrictive lung disease
- DHypercapnic lung disease
28Which lung volume would (usually) be reduced in restrictive lung disease
- AInspiratory reserve volume
- BFunction residual capacity
- CResidual volume reserve
- DExpiratory reserve volume
29If the fraction of an inspired gas was .35 what would its partial pressure be at 1ATM
- A210mmHg
- B160mmHg
- C350mmHg
- D266mmHg
30E = P + pgh + ½ PV2 which, if we remove gravity, reads as E = P + ½ PV2. Or, more simply, the faster the flow, the lower the pressure is which theorem
- AVenturi’s
- BDalton’s
- CBernoulli’s
- DCharles’s
31Hypocalcaemia caused by hyperventilation results in which of the following signs
- ADahl’s sign
- BPalmar erythema
- CTrousseau sign
- DSchamroth's sign
32Replacing inspired air with a gas mixture that contains 60% oxygen
- Acauses a large increase in oxygen content with little increase in oxygen saturation in a healthy person at high altitude
- Bcauses a large increase in arterial PaO2 and a small increase in oxygen content in a healthy person at sea level
- Cwould greatly enhance the exercise tolerance of a patient COPD
- Dwould greatly reduce the oxygen delivery problems of a patient in circulatory shock
33Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by
- AAdrenal glands
- BKidneys
- CPineal gland
- DHypothalamus
34Macula densa cells help regulate blood pressure by detecting changes to
- ASodium
- BPotassium
- Coxygen
- Dcalcium
35Which of the following anatomical portion of a nephron connects the Bowman’s capsule to the loop of Henle?
- AConnecting tubule
- BProximal convoluted tubule
- CCollecting duct
- DDistal convoluted tubule
36The gene responsible for causing Duchenne muscular dystrophy is found on
- AY chromosome
- BX chromosome
- CAutosomal chromosome number 8
- DAutosomal chromosome number 5
37Which of the following is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system
- AAdrenaline
- BAcetylcholine
- CDopamine
- DSerotonin
38Which of the following heart layers secretes pericardial fluid?
- AMyocardium
- BEndocardium
- CSerous pericardium
- DFibbrous pericardium
39The Haldane effect states that
- Afor any given Pco2 less CO2 is carried by oxygenated blood
- Ban increase in Pco2 shifts the O2 dissociation curve to the left
- Can increase in Pco2 reduces the amount of haemoglobin in the red cell.
- Dfor any given Pco2 more CO2 is carried by oxygenated blood
40Ventilation is NOT increased by
- Adecreased Po2 at the central chemoreceptor
- Bincreased Paco2
- Cdecreased CSF pH
- Ddecreased arterial pH
41The amount of a gas dissolved in a solution as a result of partial pressure is which of the following gas laws
- Adalton
- Bhenrys
- Ccharles
- Dboyles
42How is the ejection fraction worked-out
- ASV/EDV x 100
- BEDVEDV/SV x 100
- CRVEDV x EDV x 100
- DEDV/100 x 60
43The layer of blood close to the walls of lung capillaries is known as the
- ARBC layer
- BTissue barrier layer
- CAlveolar fluid layer
- Dplasma layer
44A pulmonary embolism would result in
- AIntrapulmonary shunting
- Bdecrease in dead space
- Cincrease in dead space
- Dincrease in lung surface area
45The rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight - is a definition of which of the following gas laws
- Aficks law
- Bdaltons law
- Cgrahams law
- Dchales law
46Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II in the:
- Alungs
- Bnephron
- Cpancreas
- Dbowman's capsule
47Hydrostatic pressure at the venule end of a capillary is usually (approximately)
- A25mmHg (3.3kPa)
- B32mmHhg (4.2kPa)
- C80mmHg (10.6kPa)
- D12mmhg (1.6Pa)
48A symptom seen in the patient with Keto-acidosis
- ABradycardia
- BKeto-alkalosis
- Ckussmaul respiration
- DBradyapnoea
49During DKA sodium bicarbonate levels are:
- Araised
- Blowered
- Cabsent
- Dnormal
50Which of the following will increase the stroke volume:
- ADecreased venous return
- BIncreased afterload
- CDecreased preload
- DIncreased venous return
51The renal system does not play a direct role in regulating which of the following
- ABlood pressure
- BBlood temperature
- CBlood acid base balance
- DBlood solute concentrations
52Angiotensin II exerts its action by binding to various receptors throughout the body. In response to angiotensin II, the adrenal cortex is stimulated to release
- AAdrenaline
- BAngiotensin I
- CAngiotensin ll
- DAldosterone
53Most of the glucose that is filtered through the glomerulus undergoes reabsorption in the
- AProximal convoluted tubule
- BDistal tubule
- CDescending loop of Henle
- DAssessing limb loop of Henle
54Which is not a function of angiotensin ll
- AVasoconstriction
- BInhibition of ADH
- CReabsorption of sodium
- DStimulation of aldosterone secretion
55Which is not a sign of renal cell carcinoma
- AFlank pain
- BFlank mass
- CHeamaturia
- DCullen's sign
56Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of water in the nephron via which process
- ASynthesis of glucose channels
- BIncreasing the flow of filtrate
- CExcretion of water
- DUpregulation of epithelial sodium channels
57The majority of carbon dioxide produced by the body is transported
- AAs hydrogen and bicarb ions
- BBound to haemoglobin
- CAs an alkaline
- DBound to intercellular albumin
58Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome is
- AAn inherited disorder characterized by the formation of tumours
- BAn autoimmune disease
- CAn infectious disease
- DA condition only seen within the renal architecture
594)The first stage of the RAAS is the release of angiotensinogen, which is produced (primarily)
- ACarotid arch
- BBrain
- CLungs
- DLiver
60Insufficiency of ADH is a condition called
- AAddison's disease
- BRenal disease
- CCushing's disease
- DDiabetes insipidus
61 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by
- AKidneys
- BAdrenal glands
- CHypothalamus
- DPineal gland
62 In the adult the majority
- ABasophils
- BEosinophils
- CLymphocytes
- DNeutrophils
63 Macula densa cells are chemoreceptors found in the
- ADistal tubule
- BProximal tubule
- CDescending loop of Henle
- DAscending loop of Henle
64 The amount of air that is moved in and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing is
- AVital capacity
- BTidal volume
- CResidual vohimo
- DInspiratory reserve volume
65increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide favours oxygen dissociation from
oxyHb. The effect is known as- AThe Nernst effect
- BThe Bohr effect
- CHenderson effect
- DDalton effect
66The Hering-Breuer reflex
- AInhibits expiration
- Bprolongs inspiration time
- CShortens inspiration time
- DIs initiated by expiration
67 Which definition best suits the term 'inflammation' in relation to asthma
- AInflammation is caused by infectious agents in asthma, and is mediated by antiproteases
- BInflammation is associated with airway remodelling in asthma. Inflammation is triggered by a stimulus, and causes epithelial injury, among other things
- CMast cells can help to reduce inflammation by releasing histamine and preventing further lung damage
- DInflammation is caused by airway remodelling in asthma.
68 Interstitial fluid enters capillaries at the venular end through the action of
- ANegative pressure
- BColloid osmotic pressure
- CActive transport
- DCapillary co-transport
69 What are the classic signs of a cardiac tamponade
- ATachycardia, dyspnoea, fever
- BBradycardia, arm weakness, diaphoresis
- CHypertension, palpitations, chest pain
- DHypotension, increased jugular venous distention, muffled heart sounds
70The term 'ectopic pacemaker' (or ectopic focus)
- AAn ectopic arrythmia due to hyponatraemia
- BAny cardiac dysrhythmia
- CA shift of the pacemaker function of the SA node to another part of the heart
- DAn arrythmia due to hyper
71In cor pulmonale the
- Athe mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases
- Bthe mean arterial pressure decreases
- Cthe mean pulmo
- Dthe mean pulmonary arterial pressure is 10mmhg
72a person who smoked 20 cigarettes a day for 30 years has a pack years of
- A20
- B30
- C40
- D25
73which of the following types of emphysema is most commonly asscoiated with smoking and chronic bronchitis
- Aparaseptal
- Bpanacinar
- Ccentaicinar
- Dirregular
74a patients blood gas analysis shows that both their Paco2 and bicarbnate concentration are increased above normal by 25% what does this mean ?
- AThey are excercising and so producing more CO2
- BThe arterial Ph is unchanged
- CThey are likely to have renal damage
- DThey are likely to be polycythaemic
75Which of the following is not normally associated with chironic bronchitis
- ACO2 retention
- Bless than 15% increase in FeV1 following treatment with a bronchodilator or steroids
- CPolycythemia
- DIncreased total lung capacity
76Urine is formed in a three step process, which of the follwoing gives the correct order in which these steps take place in the nephron
- ATubular secretion, tubular re-absorption, glomerular filtration
- BTubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration
- CGlomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
- Dglomerular filtration, tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption
77Which of the following is least likely to be present in the gfiltrate, (the filtrate produced by the nephron before it enters the loop of henle) of a healthy adult nnephron
- AAmino acids
- BGlucose
- Celectrolytes
- DLarge molecular weight proteins
78Which of the following is not a function of aldosterone
- AStimulates the secretion of K+ into the tubular lumen
- BStimulates Na+ and water reabsorption
- CUpregulates epithelial sodium channels
- DCauses vasodilation
79Which of the following produces surfactant
- AType 1 pneumocytes
- BType 2 pneumocytes
- COligodendrocytes
- DSchwann cells
80Which of the following is NOT a restrictive lung disease
- Apneumoconiosis
- BSilcosis
- CTuberculosis
- DAsthma
81The enzyme that assists rapid inter conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid is
- AAmylase
- BLipase
- CTrypsin
- DCarbonic anhydrase
82The (normal) intra-venous partial pressure of carbon dioxide is
- A40 mmHg
- B55mmHg
- C46mmHg
- D35mmHg
83Which of the following is NOT found in the service side of type 1 pneumocytes
- Anerve endings
- Bmacrophages
- CCollagen
- DSurfactant
84Within the cerebral spinal space and the CSF what regulates ventilation
- Acarbon dioxide
- Bcarbonic anhydrase
- CHydrogen ions
- Dcarbonic acid
85Carbon dioxide is how many times more soluble than oxygen
- A10 times
- B20 times
- C100 times
- D40 times
86With a nasal cannula, we assume that the fraction of O2 that is inspired (above the normal atmospheric level) increases by how much for every additional litre of oxygen flow administered
- A10 percentage points
- B100 percentage points
- C4 percentage points
- D21 percentage points
87Which of the following does NOT contribute to maintaining osmotic pressure
- ASodium
- BGlucose
- CAlbumin
- DCalcium
88A respiratory acidosis moves the O2 curve and the PH respectfully
- ARight/down
- BLeft/up
- CRight/up
- Dleft/down
89the protein whose production gets affected in Duchenne muscukar dystrophy is
- Aactin
- Bmyotropin
- Cdystropin
- Dleucovorin
90Duchenne muscular dystrophy can be cured with
- Aallopurinol
- Bcreatinine phosphokinase inhibitors
- Ccorticosteroids
- Dnone of these
91The involvement of this muscle affects the breathing in duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Atriceps
- Bbiceps
- Cdiaphragm
- Dquadriceps
92Which of the following represents one of the most recent developments in the treatment of MD
- Areplacing muscles
- Bcreate customised diets for them to be healthier and stronger
- Cattempting to correct defective genes so it creates the right proteins
- Dnone of these
93SLUDGE syndrome stands for which of the following
- ASalvation, lacrimation, urination, defacation, gastrointestinal symptoms and emesis
- Bsodium retention, lactic acidosis, urine retention, deafness, gastrointestinal bleeding and episodes of dizzines
- CScoliosis, limited movement, urinary failure, decay, gastrointestinal ulceration, and epilepsy
- Dsepsis, lymphedema, ulceration, diabetes, genital warts and Ecoli infection
94Which portion of the heart is the base and which sis the apex
- ATwo thirds apex and one third base
- Bone third base, two thirds apex
- Cone half base, one half apex
- Dthree quaters base and one quater apex
95Which of the following factors increase cardiac output
- AIncreased sympathetic activity
- BIncreased end diastolic volume
- Cincreased venous return
- Dall of the above
96Where is the stethoscope (best) placed to auscultate the mitral valve
- A5th intercostal space at sternum
- B5th intercostal space inferior to left nipple
- C2nd intercostal space left of sternum
- D2nd intercostal space right of sternum
97On the ECG the short flat segment between the S and T waves represents the refractory state of the
- AAtrial myocardium
- BAV node
- CSA node
- DVentricular myocardium
98Considering cardiac tamponade - the heart is covered by
- Apericardium
- Bendocardium
- Cepicardium
- Dsupracradium
99Which of the following is isotonic
- A0.9% saline
- Bwater
- C5% dextrose
- DLucozade
100Fenestrated capillaries are found in the
- Amuscles
- Badipose tissue
- Ccentral nervous system
- Dintestines
101Which of the following would be the best initial management of an acute cardiac tamponade
- AIntravenous fluids
- BPercardiocentesis
- CIntravenous beta blockers
- Dcoronary angioplasty
102which of the following is not a structure of the respiratory system
- Apharynx
- Blarynx
- Cbronchus
- Dhyoid
103the roof of the nasal cavity is formed primarily by the
- Acribriform plate
- Bhard palate
- Csuperior concha
- Dsphenoid
104in the blood most of the carbon doixide is transported as
- Acarboxyhaemoglobin
- Bdissolved carbon dioxide
- Cas free hydrogen
- Das bicarbonate
105peripheral chemoreceptors are located in
- Alung tissue
- Bpons and medulla
- Caortic & carotid bodies
- Drenal arch
106Factors determining the extent to which oxygen will combine with haemoglobin include
- Apartial pressure oxygen
- Bblood temperature
- Cblood PH
- Dall of the above
107expectorate in uncomplicated asthma has a high level of
- Aneutrophils
- Beosinophils
- Cred blood cells
- DIgD
108Which of the following is not a classic clinical characteristic of asthma
- Adyspnoea
- Bwheeze
- Ccough
- DIncreased FEV1
109In the adult the majority of leukocytes are
- Abasophils
- Beosinophils
- Clymphocytes
- Dneutrophils
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Nursing Quiz am MSC Quiz, erstellt von Lauren Holland am 27/02/2023.
- Autor
- Lauren Holland
- Sprache
- English
- Aufrufe
- 297
- Schlagwörter
- Bewertung
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