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Final prep 2
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Fragen in diesem Quiz (116)
1The supporting cells in the central nervous system phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris are:
- Amicroglial
- Boligodendrocytes
- Castrocytes
- Dependymal
2The supporting cells in the central nervous system that provide insulating layers of myelin around axons in the brain and spinal cord are:
- Amicroglial
- Boligodendocytes
- Castrocytes
- Dependymal
3The space between a presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron is called the __________, and a substance called ______________ is released.
- Adendrites, action potential
- Baxon terminal, neurotransmitter
- Csynaptic cleft, neurotransmitter
- Dcell body, action potential
4During depolarization ____________ channels open, _________ the membrane potential.
- Apotassium, decreasing
- Bpotassium, increasing
- Csodium, increasing
- Dsodium, decreasing
5During repolarization, _________________ channels open, ___________________ the membrane potential.
- Apotassium, decreasing
- Bpotassium, increasing
- Csodium, increasing
- Dsodium, decreasing
6Which of these statements about action potentials is FALSE?
- AIt is an all-or-none response
- Ba local current is produced that stimulates adjacent portions of the axon membrane (a wave)
- Cnormal resting membrane potential of a neuron is -70 mV
- Dthese are all true
7Which of these fibers has the fastest nerve conduction?
- Aa thick myelinated axon
- Ba thick unmyelinated axon
- Ca thin myelinated axon
- Da thing unmyelinated axon
8Which of these neurotransmitters is responsible for skeletal muscle contraction?
- Ahistamine
- BGABA
- Cacetylcholine
- Dnorepinephrine
9Which of these neurotransmitters is responsible for pain perception?
- Anitric oxide
- Bsubstance P
- Cdopamine
- Dacetylcholine
10Which type of nerve fibers conducts impulses to an effector organ?
- Aefferent
- Bafferent
- Cinterneurons
11Which of these is the innermost layer of meninges?
- Apia mater
- Bdura mater
- Carachnoid mater
12This part of the neuron is the receptive region; receiving input:
- Aaxon
- Bcell body
- Cdendrites
- Daxonal hillock
13This part of the brain is responsible for higher brain functions such as interpreting sensory impulses and initiating voluntary muscular movements:
- Areticular activating system
- Bcerebellum
- Cdiencephalon
- Dcerebrum
14This part of the brain regulates heart rate, arterial blood pressure, body temperature, water and electrolyte balance, control of hunger and body weight, among others:
- Ahypothalamus
- Bthalamus
- Cbasal nuceli
- Dmedulla oblongata
15This part of the brain contains centers to control vital visceral activities:
- Acerebellum
- Bmidbrain
- Cmedulla oblongata
- Dcerebrum
16This part of the brain is affected by anesthesia, resulting in unconsciousness:
- Areticular activating system
- Bcerebrum
- Chypothalamus
- Dlimbic system
17This part of the brain is responsible for integrating sensory information concerning the position of body parts and for coordinating complex skeletal muscle movements:
- Athalamus
- Bmedulla oblongata
- Cpons
- Dcerebellum
18The basal nuclei (basal ganglia) are responsible for:
- Asleep and wakefullness
- Bfacilitating voluntary movement
- Csynthesizing cerebral spinal fluid
- Dinterpret impulses from sensory receptors
19The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains:
- Acell bodies of sensory neurons
- Bcell bodies of motor neurons
- Caxons from motor neurons
- Daxons from sensory neurons
20The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains:
- Acell bodies of a sensory neurons
- Bcell bodies of motor neurons
- Caxons from motor neurons
- Daxons from sensory neurons
21Which plexus innervates the muscles of the legs?
- Acervical
- Bbrachial
- Clumbosacral
22Which of these is NOT part of the sympathetic response?
- Aincreased heart rate
- Bincreased force of contraction of the heart
- Cdilation of bronchioles in the lung
- Dthese are all correct
23Which of these is NOT part of the parasympathetic response?
- Adecreased heart rate
- Bcontraction of urinary bladder
- Cincreased intestinal wall activity
- Dthese are all correct
24A short preganglionic fiber, a long postganglionic fiber, and the secretion of norepinephrine onto the effector organ are all characteristic of:
- Asympathetic fibers
- Bparasympathetic fibers
25A long preganglionic fiber, a short postganglionic fiber, and the release of acetylcholine are all characteristic of:
- Asympathetic fibers
- Bparasympathetic fibers
26Which of these hormones acts by binding to receptor molecules on the target cell and activating a second messenger system?
- Atestosterone
- Bthyroid hormone
- Caldosterone
- Destrogen
27Which of these hormones is not released by the posterior pituitary gland?
- Athyroid-stimulating hormone
- Badrenocorticotropic hormone
- Coxytocin
- DA and B
28Which hormone of the anterior pituitary causes cells to enlarge and divide more frequently?
- Aprolactin
- BACTH
- Cgrowth hormone
- Dthyroid-stimulating hormone
29Which of these statements about the posterior pituitary is FALSE?
- Athe posterior pituitary stores hormones made in the hypothalamus
- Bthe posterior pituitary responds to impulses from the hypothalamus to release hormones into the blood
- CADH and oxytocin are the only hormones stored in the posterior pituitary
- Dthe posterior pituitary responds to releasing or inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus
30Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) causes:
- Athe anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH
- Bthe anterior pituitary to secrete TSH
- Cthe anterior pituitary to secrete GH
- Dthe posterior pituitary to secrete ACTH
31ADH acts on the _______________ to reabsorb water.
- Alarge intestine
- Bbone
- Ckidneys
- Dlivers
32Which hormone(s) does the adrenal medulla secrete?
- Aepinephrine
- Bnorepinephrine
- Ccortisol
- DA and B
33What is the function of aldosterone?
- Areabsorb water
- Bincrease blood calcium levels
- Cincrease blood glucose levels
- Dreabsorb sodium and water
34Which of these is NOT a function of cortisol?
- Aincrease blood levels of amino acids
- Bincrease utilization of fatty acids as an energy source
- Cstimulation of liver to make glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (gluconeogenesis)
- Ddecrease blood glucose concentrations
35Which of these is NOT a function of insulin?
- Apromotes movement of glucose into certain cells
- Bstimulates formation of glycogen from glucose
- Cstimulates liver cells to break down glycogen into glucose
36The pineal gland secretes:
- Aprogesterone
- Baldosterone
- Cmelatonin
- Dglucagon
37Which of these is NOT a response to stress?
- AThe hypothalamus triggers sympathetic impulses to various organs
- BEpinephrine is released from sympathetic fibers
- CACTH is released from the anterior pituitary
- DCortisol is released
- EThese are all correct
38Most of the formed elements in a blood sample are:
- Aplatelets
- Bplasma
- Cerythrocytes
- Dleukocytes
39A deficiency in red blood cells or a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin results in a condition called:
- Aleukopenia
- Banemia
- Cjaundice
- Darrhythmia
40You just landed in Colorado. You feel a little dizzy because of the higher altitude and lower pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere. Which hormone will your kidneys release?
- Aerythropoietin
- Bcolony-stimulating factors
- CADH
- DGlucagon
41This plasma protein isn't used as fuel, but it's used to maintain the osmotic pressure of plasma:
- Afibrinogen
- Balbumin
- Cgamma globulin
- Dbeta globulin
42Which of these is NOT contained in plasma?
- Aglucose
- Belectrolytes
- Camino acids
- DThese are all in plasma
43You go to the doctor because you've been sick the past week. The doctor orders a differential white blood cell count. What does this test tell you?
- Athe total number of white blood cells
- Bthe percentages of the various types of leukocytes in a blood sample
- Cthe percentage of red blood cells
- Dthe percentage of hemoglobin
44A type B person receives type A blood, what happens?
- Anothing, that person will be fine
- Bagglutination
- Cfever
- Danemia
45A type AB person can receive:
- Atype A blood
- Btype B blood
- Ctype O blood
- Dall of the above
46A type O person can receive:
- Atype A blood
- Btype B blood
- Ctype O blood
- Dall of the above
47An Rh- negative woman conceives an Rh- negative fetus, what happens?
- Anothing, the woman and fetus are fine since they do not have the Rh antigen
- Bthe woman will make antibodies against the Rh-negative blood cells during the pregnancy
- Cthe woman will make antibodies against the Rh-negative blood cells after the birth
- Dthe woman will need to receive an injection of RhoGAM
48The thick middle layer of the heart that consists of cardiac muscle tissue is the:
- Apericardium
- Bendocardium
- Cmyocardium
- Depicardium
49The heart valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is the:
- Atricuspid valve
- Bbicuspid valve
- Cpulmonary valve
- Daortic valve
50The right ventricle ejects blood into the:
- Aleft atrium
- Bpulmonary trunk
- Cleft ventricle
- Dright atrium
51The left ventricle ejects blood into the:
- Aleft atrium
- Baorta
- Cpulmonary trunk
- Dright atrium
52Blood returning to the right atrium comes from:
- Asuperior vena cava
- Binferior vena cava
- Ccoronary sinus
- Dall of the above
53Systole refers to:
- Acontraction
- Brelaxation
54Diastole refers to:
- Acontraction
- Brelaxation
55The pacemaker of the heart is the:
- Apurkinje fibers
- BAV node
- CSA node
- DAV bundle
56Increased parasympathetic innervation of the heart results in:
- Aincreased heart rate
- Bdecreased heart rate
57Which of these statements about arteries is false?
- Aarteries have an inner muscular layer than can constrict or dilate
- Barteries are capacitance vessels and can expand to hold a lot of blood
- Carteries are strong, elastic vessels
- Darteries consist of three distinct layers
58Which of these statements about veins is FALSE?
- Aveins can distend to hold a lot of blood
- Bveins contain valves to help blood return to the heart
- Cveins contain three distinct layers
- Dveins are much stronger than arteries
59In which vessel does gas exchange occur?
- Aaorta
- Bvenules
- Ccapillaries
- Darterioles
60Where is blood pressure the highest?
- Acapillary beds
- Baorta
- Cfemoral artery
- Dinferior vena cava
61If heart rate increases, what happens to blood pressure?
- Ait increases
- Bit decreases
- Cit stays the same
62The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute is called:
- Aheart rate
- Bcardiac output
- Cperipheral resistance
- Dstroke volume
63If blood volume decreases, what happens to blood pressure?
- Ait stays the same
- Bit increases
- Cit decreases
64A person with high blood pressure would most likely be prescribed a(an):
- Ainsulin
- Bantibiotic
- Cdiuretic
- Dnothing
65During exercise, which of the following occurs?
- Avenous blood return increases due to the skeletal muscle pump in veins
- Bstronger ventricular contraction due to the Frank-Starling law of the heart
- Cincrease in heart rate due to increased sympathetic activity
- Dall of the above
66The blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart make up the:
- Asystemic circuit
- Bpulmonary circuit
67Which of these structures is not part of the alimentary canal?
- Aesophagus
- Bstomach
- Cpancreas
- Dlarge intestine
68Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for lubricating the tube's outer surface so that organs within the abdominal cavity can slide freely against one another?
- Amuscular
- Bsubmucosa
- Cmucosa
- Dserosa
69Propelling movements in a wavelike motion is called:
- Aperistalsis
- Bmixing
- Csegmentation
- Dcontraction
70Serous cells in salivary glands:
- Asecrete mucus to act as a lubricant during swallowing
- Bbegin the digestion of fats and proteins
- Cproduce a watery fluid containing salivary amylase to split starch
71Parietal cells in the stomach release:
- Ahydrochloric acid
- Bintrinsic factor
- Cdigestive enzymes
- DA and B
72What is the function of pepsin?
- Ato digest fats
- Bto digest proteins
- Cto digest carbohydrates
- Dto cause the secretion of bile
73Mucous cells in the stomach provide an _____________ layer to protect the stomach.
- Aacidic
- Balkaline
74Which hormone is responsible for decreasing the secretory activity of gastric glands and inhibits gastric motility?
- Agastrin
- Bcholecystokinin
- Csecretin
- Dleptin
75Which hormone causes the pancreas to secrete a fluid high in bicarbonate ion concentration?
- Agastrin
- Bcholecystokinin
- Csecretin
- Dleptin
76Which hormone stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile?
- Aleptin
- Bsecretin
- Ccholecystokinin
- Dgastrin
77Which hormone stimulates the pancreas to secrete fluid with high digestive enzyme concentration?
- Agastrin
- Bchelocystokinin
- Csecretin
- Dleptin
78How are gastric secretions regulated?
- Aparasympathetic impulses that release ACh
- Bthe release of gastrin
- Cthe smell of food
- Dall of the above
79Which of these substances is absorbed in the stomach?
- Aglucose
- Bamino acids
- Calcohol
- Dnone of the above
80_____________ cells synthesize bile, which is needed for __________________.
- Akidney, emulsification
- Bhepatic, peristalsis
- Chepatic, emulsification
- Dgallbladder, carbohydrate digestion
81Proteins and fats in the duodenum stimulate the release of the hormone ________________, which causes the contraction of the ______________.
- Agastrin, gallbladder
- BCCK, gallbladder
- Csecretin, pancreas
- Dgastrin, stomach
82Emulsification allows these enzymes to function properly:
- Alipases
- Bamylases
- Cnucleases
- Dpeptidases
83Which of these is NOT a function of the small intestine?
- Aabsorb digestive products
- Bfinishes digestion with enzymes embedded in microvilli
- Ctransports residues to the large intestine
- Dall of the above
84Which of these sugars will be absorbed into a villus?
- Asucrose
- Bmaltose
- Cglucose
- Dlactose
85These nutrients must enter lacteals before joining the general circulation:
- Asugars
- Bproteins
- Cfats
- Dvitamins
86The lipoprotein with the highest concentration of protein and lowest concentration of lipids, and removes cholesterol from tissues is:
- AVLDL
- BLDL
- CHDL
87The lipoprotein that transports triglycerides synthesized from excess dietary carbohydrate is:
- AVLDL
- BLDL
- CHDL
88Which of these is NOT a function of the large intestine?
- Aabsorbs water and electrolytes
- Bfinish digesting fats
- Csynthesize vitamins
- Dstore feces
89Proteins from food must be _____________ before they can be used as energy sources.
- Aoxidized
- Breduced
- Cdeaminated
- Daminated
90Ketone bodies are a result of:
- Afat metabolism
- Bprotein metabolism
- Ccarbohydrate metabolism
91Which of these respiratory structures is involved in gas exchange?
- Alarynx
- Btrachea
- Cbronchioles
- Dalveoli
92Inspiration occurs because:
- Aintra-alveolar pressure increases
- Bintra-alveolar pressure decreases
- Catmospheric pressure increases
- Datmospheric pressure decreases
93Which muscles are used for inspiration?
- Aexternal intercostals
- Binternal intercostals
- Cdiaphragm
- DA and C
94Which muscles are used for passive expiration?
- Aexternal intercostals
- Binternal intercostals
- Cdiaphragm
- Dnone of the above
95The volume of air that enters or leaves a single respiratory cycle is the:
- Atidal volume
- Bresidual volume
- Ctotal lung capacity
- Dinspiratory capacity
96Central chemoreceptors are most sensitive to changes in levels of:
- Acarbon dioxide
- Bnitrogen
- Coxygen
- Dhemoglobin
97Peripheral chemoreceptors are most sensitive to changes in blood levels of:
- Acarbon dioxide
- Bnitrogen
- Coxygen
- Dhemoglobin
98Most oxygen in the body is transported:
- Adissolved in plasma
- Bbound to hemoglobin
99Most carbon dioxide in the body is transported:
- Adissolved in plasma
- Bbound to hemoglobin
- Cas bicarbonate ion
100Where does the following reaction occur?
H+ + HCO3- ---> H2CO3 ----> CO2 + H2O- APlasma
- Blung capillaries
- Ckidney capillaries
- Dstomach capillaries
101Choose the correct pathway of urine formation:
- AGlomerulus > PCT > Collecting Duct > Nephron Loop > Bladder
- BPCT > glomerulus > Collecting Duct > Nephron Loop > Bladder
- CGlomerulus > PCT > Nephron Loop > Collecting Duct > Bladder
- DNephron Loop > Glomerulus > Collecting Duct > Bladder
102Where does filtration occur in the nephron?
- Aglomerulus
- BPCT
- CNephron loop
- DDCT
103Where does most reabsorption of substances occur in the nephron?
- Aglomerulus
- BPCT
- CNephron loop
- DDCT
104Where does secretion occur in the nephron?
- Aglomerulus
- BPCT
- CNephron loop
- DDCT
- Eboth B and D
105The _________________ regulates how concentrated urine will be.
- Aglomerulus
- BPCT
- CDCT
- Dcollecting duct
106A decrease in salt concentration will cause the juxtaglomerular cells to secrete the enzyme __________.
- AEPO
- BRenin
- CAldosterone
- DADH
107Which of these is a result of angiotensin II?
- Avasoconstriction
- Baldosterone secretion
- Cincreased thirst
- Dall of the above
108Constricting the efferent arteriole causes:
- Aan increase in the GFR
- Ba decrease in the GFR
- Cnothing changes to the GFR
109Which of the following does NOT occur during micturition?
- Athe internal sphincter must open
- Bthe external sphincter relaxes
- Cthe detrusor muscle contracts
- Dthe detrusor muscle relaxes
110Which of these ions is found in greater concentration in the extracellular fluid?
- Apotassium
- Bsodium
- Cchloride
- DB and C
111An example of transcellular fluid is:
- Afluid in the cytosol of a cell
- Bplasma
- Clymph
- Dsynovial fluid
112Your blood is becoming too acidic, which of the following does NOT occur to regain homeostasis?
- Ahydrogen ions are secreted into the renal tubules
- Bhydrogen ions are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries
- Crate and depth of breathing increases
113Which of these is a second line of defense against a pH shift?
- Aphosphate buffer system
- Bprotein buffer system
- Crenal mechanism
- Dbicarbonate buffer system
114Which of these causes respiratory acidosis?
- Avomiting up contents from the small intestine
- Bexcessive ketone production from diabetes
- Cdiarrhea
- Dtrauma to respiratory center of the brainstem
115Your blood is becoming too basic, which of the following does NOT occur to regain homeostasis?
- AH2PO4- > H+ +HPO4-2
- BHydrogen ions are secreted into the renal tubules
- CHydrogen ions are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries
- DThe rate and depth of breathing decreases
116Which of these causes respiratory alkalosis?
- Avomiting up stomach contents
- Bhyperventilating
- Cingestion of too many antacids
- Dkidney failure
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- test questions from tests 3 & 4
- Autor
- Kegen Sullivan
- Sprache
- English
- Aufrufe
- 83
- Schlagwörter
- Bewertung
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