Quiz
MICROBIO quiz for final exam
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1Hand hygiene promotion and flu clinics are examples of which kind of prevention undertaken by a public health nurse?
- APrimary prevention
- BSecondary prevention
- CTertiary prevention
- DCommunity-based prevention
2Screening and outbreak investigations are examples of which kind of prevention undertaken by a public health nurse?
- APrimary prevention
- BSecondary prevention
- CTertiary prevention
- DDetection
3Tertiary prevention of infectious diseases in the work of a public health nurse would include...
- ARestoration and rehabilitation, preventing complications from illnesses
- BEarly detection and treatment of illnesses
- CPreventing infections from happening
- DIdentifying different pathogens common in community settings
4The Provincial Public Health Acts aid in infectious disease control in part because they...
- AProtect the health of the community at large and give the Medical Officer of Health the power to act in public health emergencies
- BDetail which neighbourhoods of a municipality should be treated by which facility
- CPrevent the Medical Officer of Health from impeding efforts undertaken by frontline workers in emergencies related to infectious diseases
5Direct Observed Therapy (DOT) for treatment of TB is an example of tertiary prevention in public health nursing.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
6Which of the following is TRUE regarding Hantavirus?
- ARNA virus
- BDNA virus
- CDeer mouse are the reservoir
- DBats are the reservoir
- EIt can be spread via person-to-person transmission
- FThe average incubation period is 14-30 days (can be 3-60 days)
- GThe key messages in public education include ventilating the area for 30 minutes before cleaning
7A child presents to the community clinic where you work. She is 10 years old and her mother is concerned because she was playing outside and a dog scratched her. What would you be most concerned about with regards to infectious diseases?
- ARabies
- BHantavirus
- CMumps
- DTB
8Rabies is a RNA virus, is transmitted through infected saliva, and usually takes 20-60 days to incubate (though it can take years!).
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
9Once a person is ill with rabies, there is no treatment available.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
10You hear of a daycare where six children have fallen ill in 3 days. These children are presenting with severe diarrhea and the stools are green and watery with blood streaking and mucous. They also have fevers and abdominal pain. You suspect the infectious pathogen is...
- AShigellosis
- BHantavirus
- CMeasles
- DMumps
11Shigellosis is a gram negative bacteria that has an incubation period of 1-7 days.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
12Which of the following pathogens can survive outside of the body for up to 2 months and can be shed in feces of carriers for months?
- AShigellosis
- BHantavirus
- CRabies
- DStaph aureus
13Which of the following is TRUE concerning mumps?
- AYou are most contagious 2 days before onset of symptoms until 5 days after
- BThe incubation period is 2-5 days
- CThe classic presentation of symptoms (parotiditis - unilateral or bilateral) are present in 2/3 of cases.
- DMeningitis, oophoritis, orchitis are complications that can occur with measles, not mumps
14Measles is much more serious than mumps and treatment is supportive.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
15Koplik's spots (clustered white lesions on buccal mucosa) are indicative of...
- AMeasles
- BMumps
- CRubella
- DShigellosis
16Only those with active pulmonary TB or laryngeal TB are contagious.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
17Mode of transmission for TB is air droplet.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
1870% of people exposed to TB will never progress to active disease.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
19Fever and night sweats associated with TB infection will more likely be present in the very young or elderly.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
20Select from the following factors that increase the probability of transmission of TB.
- Asmear positive sputum
- Bshort exposure time (very easily transmitted)
- Cseverity of cough
- Dovercrowded housing and poor ventilation
- Edelays in diagnosis
21Select all the correct signs and symptoms of active TB disease.
- Adry cough lasting more than 2-3 weeks
- Banorexia
- Cfever or chills
- Dnight sweats
- Ehemoptysis
- Ffatigue
- Glocal symptoms (e.g. bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, dysuria)
22Why is Direct Observed Therapy so important? Select the best answer.
- AIt helps prevent the development of drug resistant strains of TB
- BIt is a pain in the ass for the patient
- CIt helps patients feel that nurses really care about them
- DIt makes sure that there is emotional follow up
23Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding the detection of TB?
- AA TB skin test is a diagnostic test that involves an intradermal injection that is read within 48-72 hours of administration.
- BThe size of a TB skin test induration plus the clinical picture helps determine whether a client needs a chest xray and sputum collection or not.
- CAn induration following a TB skin test does not mean that someone has active TB disease. It only means they've been exposed at some point.
- DIf a close contact of an active TB case has an initial TB skin test that is 0 mm, and a repeat test in 3 months is 20 mm, this is highly suggestive that the contact has developed active TB.
24Someone with a latent TB infection is still contagious.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
25Extrapulmonary TB can occur in any organ in the body.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
26[blank_start]Epidemiology[blank_end] is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease, mainly infectious.
- AEpidemiology
- BMicrobiology
- CMycobacteriology
27Lyme disease is continually present in the Canadian population. Therefore, this is an example of a disease that is...
- Aendemic
- Bpandemic
- Cnosocomial
- Dinfectious
28An increase of cases (more than would be expected) of cholera in Haiti in 2010 or microcephaly in Brazil in 2015 are examples of what kind of disease?
- AEndemic
- BPandemic
- CEpidemic
- DNosocomial
29H1N1 in 2009 spread around the world. This is an example of...
- Aan endemic disease
- Ban epidemic
- Ca pandemic
- Da nosocomial infection
30Nosocomial infections are those that a patient developed purely as a result of their stay in hospital.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
31There are a certain number of new cases of HIV infection in Canada every year. These new cases pertain to the...
- Aincidence of HIV
- Bprevalence of HIV
- Cinfectious nature of HIV
- Dpoor public health campaigns
32A patient develops c diff as a direct result of a healthcare worker not performing proper hand hygiene. This is an example of...
- Acontact transmission
- Bvehicle transmission
- Cvector transmission
- Dtraditional transmission
33An 82-year-old female patient living in a nursing home develops complications from salmonella poisoning. This is an example of...
- Acontact transmission
- Bvehicle transmission
- Cvector transmission
- Datypical transmission
34Heater-cooler devices in the OR causing MOT infections and aspergillus infections in oncology patients are both examples of...
- Acontact transmission
- Bvector transmission
- Cvehicle transmission
- Dbad healthcare
35What is a fomite?
- AA non-living object on which microbes live that can harm human health
- BA device used to sterilize stationary objects in the OR
- CAn instrument used on oncology floors that are a major source of HAIs
- DA type of infectious vector
36Which of the following patients are at risk for a hospital acquired infection?
- Apatient in ICU or requiring extensive hands-on care
- Bpatient that has had invasive procedures or devices
- Cpatient with non-intact skin
- Ddebilitated patient with severe underlying disease
- Emiddle aged patients
- Fpatients who have recently had antibiotics
- Gpatients who are immunosuppressed
- Hpatients who have not been appropriately immunized
- Ipatients being cared for by inadequately trained staff
37The work of an infection control nurse is varied and diverse and can include conducting surveillance, investigating outbreaks, analyzing data, and contributing to research.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
38Over half (53%) of the work of an infection prevention and control nurse will be collecting and analyzing data.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
39What is the proper order of PPE doffing?
- Aremove gloves; remove goggles or face shield; remove gown; remove mask or respirator
- Bremove mask or respirator; remove goggles or face shield; remove gown, remove gloves
- Cremove gloves; remove gown; remove goggles or face shield; remove mask or respirator
- Dremove goggles or face shield; remove gloves; remove gown; remove mask
40You should perform hand hygiene between all steps in the process of doffing PPE.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
41What do the following four things have in common? Catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and surgical site infections (SSI).
- Athey are all common hospital acquired infections
- Bnone of them can be prevented
- Cthey are all very difficult to define
- Dthey are types of infections that occur in the community setting
42What is being pushed for as a new way to prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI - "CL" central line)?
- Ausing full-barrier precautions during central venous catheter insertion (e.g. surgical attire)
- Bhaving the patient wear a mask during catheter insertion
- Cusing alcohol to prep skin
- Dkeeping in CVCs as long as possible
43Urinary catheters are associated with higher rates of serious complications than most HCPs think.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
44Urinary catheters should be inserted using sterile technique.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
45Routine mouth care with dilute chlorhexidine solution can lead to a 40% reduction in ventilator associated pneumonias.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
46Surgical sites should be shaved prior to surgery to keep the site cleaner afterwards to prevent a surgical site infection.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
47With most antibiotics, they should be administered within 1 hour of cut time to prevent surgical site infections.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
48When [blank_start]basophils[blank_end] are in tissues, they are called mast cells.
- Abasophils
- Beosinophils
- Cmonocytes
- Dneutrophils
49[blank_start]Neutrophils and monocytes[blank_end] both circulate and live in tissues, engulf and destroy pathogens (phagocytosis), and remove dead cells and debris.
- ANeutrophils and monocytes
- BNeutrophils and eosinophils
- CNatural killer cells and lymphocytes
50Which of the following is INCORRECT?
- ANeutrophils and monocytes (phagocytes) don't recognize specific bacteria - they only recognize anything that is "not self"
- BEosinophils release histamine and are responsible for fighting helminths
- CBasophils contain histamine and are called mast cells when inside tissues
- DMacrophages are called monocytes when they are present in tissues
51Which of the following is CORRECT?
- ALymphocytes and monocytes are granulocytes
- BNatural Killer cells are the first line of defence against viruses
- CDendritic cells are responsible for forming immune tolerance against good bacteria in the gut
- DEosinophils are called mast cells when in tissues
52Leukocytes (WBCs) mature in either the thymus or in bone marrow.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
53Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding phagocytosis?
- ASome bacteria resist digestion, such as M. tuberculosis
- BSome bacteria produce toxins that cause phagocytes to self-digest, such as staphylococci and streptococci
- CSome bacteria are "slippery" (especially CAPSULES) and don't attach easily to the neutrophil or monocyte (aka macrophages in tissues)
- DMonocytes and neutrophils are phagocytic and can recognize specific bacteria
54Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding tissue trauma?
- ARedness, heat, and swelling occur mainly because basophils/mast cells release histamine, which causes capillaries to dilate and become more permeable
- BRedness, heat, and swelling occur mainly because macrophages/monocytes release histamine, which causes capillaries to dilate and become more permable
- CDamaged cells release cytokines, which triggers leukocytosis and chemotaxis (aka calls other cells to come help)
55We should permit fever within reason (fever due to infection RARELY exceeds 40 degrees Celcius) because there are many benefits to fever. Select all of the patients from the list below who should NOT be allowed to remain febrile.
- APatients with severe heart disease
- BPatients with fluid and electrolyte imbalances
- CPatients with a history of febrile convulsions (especially infants)
- DPatients in the ICU with a neurological injury
- EPatients who have an infection
56How do alpha and beta interferons help limit the spread of viruses?
- AThey prompt surrounding cells to produce anti-viral proteins to block viral replication
- BThey initiate phagocytosis
- CThey release histamines
- DThey initiate the complement cascade
57The complement cascade involves large proteins produced in the liver, which is in part why patients with liver disease are immunocompromised.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
58An [blank_start]antigen[blank_end] is a substance the body identifies as foreign and [blank_start]epitopes[blank_end] are the part of it that our bodies recognize. [blank_start]Haptens[blank_end] are only antigenic if combined with a carrier molecule.
- Aantigen
- Bhapten
- Cantibody
- Depitopes
- Ehaptens
- Fantigens
- GHaptens
- HEpitopes
- IAntigens
- JAntibodies
59An antibody is a protein made to match ONE antigen specifically - like a lock and key. The numbers of antibodies counted in a sample of blood is referred to as someone's "titer."
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
60Maternal antibodies passed to an infant in utero or through breastmilk is an example of [blank_start]passive[blank_end] [blank_start]natural[blank_end] immunity. Immunization is an example of [blank_start]active[blank_end] [blank_start]artificial[blank_end] immunity.
- Apassive
- Bactive
- Cnatural
- Dartificial
- Eactive
- Fpassive
- Gartificial
- Hnatural
61Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding cell-mediated versus humoral immunity?
- AHumoral immunity involves B lymphocytes forming antibodies
- BCell-mediated immunity involves T lymphocytes killing cells directly
- CCell-mediated immunity is active against agents inside cells
- DHumoral immunity is active against substances inside cells
62Humoral (B cells) immunity targets substances OUTSIDE of cells (e.g. bacteria, viruses before they enter), whereas cell-medicated (T cells) immunity targets agents INSIDE of cells (e.g. viruses, transplanted organs, parasites, etc.).
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
63Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding B cells and humoral immunity?
- AB cells, along with macrophages and dendritic cells, can present antigens (thus becoming "antigen presenting cells")
- BAntigen presenting cells activate T helper cells, which secrete cytokines
- CThe production of cytokines by T helper cells are necessary to begin the process of memory B cell production
- DAntigen presenting cells activate macrophages, which engulf viruses and kill them directly
64Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding antibody classes?
- AIgG crosses the placenta and is the most abundant (80%) antibody in serum
- BIgA makes up about 10% of the antibodies in a serum sample and is found mostly in tears, saliva, colostrum, and mucous
- CIgM makes up about 5-10% of serum antibodies and indicates a RECENT infection because it is the first antibody in an encounter with a new antigen
- DIgE is about less than 0.005% of serum antibodies and is mostly related to allergy symptoms or helminth infection
- EIgD is elevated in some cancers
65You are caring for a 45yo male in an ICU setting. He has had a neurological injury and is febrile at 39 degrees celcius. His IgM is elevated and he is on a ventilator. Select all of the following TRUE statements from the list below.
- ADue to the elevated IgM, we can say that this infection is very likely an OLD infection
- BWe can let his fever run, unless he has contraindications, such as a pre-existing heart condiiton
- CWe should be worried about him either having or developing ventilator associated pneumonia, as this is one of the most common and concerning hospital acquired infections
- DIf he does not already have a ventilator associated pneumonia, we should be using a dilated alcohol solution to perform regular oral care
66You are caring for a 25yo female who recently returned from a trip touring multiple countries in Western Africa. Her serum antibody results show an elevation in IgE. What might you suspect?
- AA worm infection
- BA new infection
- CA bacterial infection in her GI tract
- DAn autoimmune disorder
67One main difference in the pattern of antibody concentration during a primary versus a secondary response to an invasive pathogen is that during the SECOND infection, there will be more IgG sooner.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
68[blank_start]Neutralization[blank_end] of bacterial toxins is accomplished by IgG or IgA. [blank_start]Opsonization[blank_end] (antibodies coating bacteria) is accomplished mainly by IgG. [blank_start]Cell lysis[blank_end] is accomplished by complement proteins, which is activated by IgG or IgM, or is accomplished directly by IgM.
- ANeutralization
- BOpsonization
- CPresentation
- DOpsonization
- ENeutralization
- FPackaging of antigens
- GCell lysis
- HCell integration
- IOpsonization
69You are caring for a 32yo male, who has recently been told that he is HIV positive. He asks you about the role of T cells in cell-mediated immunity, as he wants to know more about his immune system in general. You explain that...
- AT cells are like "divas" - they don't produce antibodies so they interact only with antigens *presented* directly to them
- BT cells are like "divas" - they only produce antibodies for very few kinds of viruses
- CT cells are made in the thymus and mature in bone marrow
- DThe three main kinds of T cells are helper, cytotoxic, and complement
70Select all of the following CORRECT statements about factors that modify immune responses.
- AOur immune systems mature by age 2-3 years
- BT cells are at their nadir (lowest) in winter
- CAfter running a marathon, you are at 6x the risk for an upper respiratory infection
- DOne missed night of sleep drops NK cells by less than 1%
- ET cell immunity decreases during pregnancy
71Passive immunization only lasts for as long as the cells last, whereas active immunizations can confer lifelong immunity (e.g. oral polio live attenuated vaccine).
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
72Which of the following is CORRECT regarding HIV?
- AReverse transcriptase makes errors 1 in every 10,000 copies, which is why resistant strains develop so easily and why we usually combine multiple medications
- BOntario's priority populations, according to the AIDS Bureau, include heterosexual men, Western European immigrants, and Aboriginal men and women
- CSomeone's viral load does not significantly impact their chances of transmitting HIV to a sexual partner
- DMale circumcision increases the risk of HIV transmission
73Rectal mucosa is most susceptible as a site of transmission for HIV.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
74Select all of the following appropriate strategies to prevent the vertical transmission of HIV from mother to baby at time of delivery.
- AC-section reduces risk by about 60%
- BInitiating HIV treatment for mother prior to birth
- CTreating other STIs before birth
- DVaginal delivery reduces risk of transmission
75You are caring for a 28yo male. During your intake interview, you take a full sexual history and find that this client identifies as a gay man, takes PrEP but often misses doses, does not use condoms regularly, and has multiple sexual partners. You offer to get him tested for HIV. He asks, "If my test is negative, that means I'm in the clear, right?" Which is the most appropriate response of the options below?
- A"If your ELISA (antibody) test results are negative, this might mean that you are in the first stage of HIV infection and your body hasn't produced antibodies yet."
- B"If your ELISA (antibody) test results are negative, you are in the clear. However, you might want to consider whether you want to modify some of your risk factors by taking your PrEP regularly, for example."
- C"If you are in the first stage of HIV infection, called "acute HIV syndrome," your ELISA test will be positive but your RNA/molecular test will be negative, so we would recommend you get retested in six months."
- D"You should always use a condom."
76You are caring for an 50yo male who was diagnosed as HIV positive in the early 1990's. He has never received any treatment for his HIV infection. His ELISA test is positive, however, he does not have any symptoms and his viral load is low. Which stage of infection is he in?
- AAcute HIV syndrome
- BLatent stage
- CAdvanced HIV infection (AIDS)
- DInitial stage
77You are caring for a 34yo female who is HIV positive and is receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). She recently lost her job, her partner of 10 years left her, and she is feeling very depressed. She confides in you that she has recently stopped taking her medications regularly. She says, "What's the point anymore, there's nothing to live for." In addition to providing emotional support, which of the following might you consider telling her?
- A"If you are not taking your drugs regularly, you might develop a drug resistant strain of HIV, which could really limit your treatment options in the future."
- B"It's ok to have regular periods of not taking your ART drugs."
- C"Taking some medication breaks can actually help your body heal."
78Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding percutaneous exposure and risk of transmission of viruses?
- AYou are much more likely to become infected with Hep B than HIV following a needle stick injury
- BYour risk of contracting HIV from a workplace incident is greatly impacted by the type of body fluid you are exposed to (e.g very low risk from urine or saliva)
- CThere are a number of documented cases of nurses contracting HIV after a skin splash
- DYour risk of contracting HIV is increased by increased gauge of needle, hollow bore needles versus suture needles, and the viral load of the patient
79Your coworker comes to you and tells you that five days ago she got a needle stick injury while caring for a patient who is HIV positive. The patient is on ART, their viral load is very low, and the nurse was wearing a glove when she had the needle stick injury. What is your most appropriate response to your coworker?
- A"You need to go to the emergency department downstairs right away so you can get post exposure prophylactic treatment."
- B"It's been more than three days since your possible exposure so you might be told that it's too late to take post exposure prophylaxis."
- C"You're an idiot."
- D"We should pray."
80If you have experienced a possible exposure to HIV in your workplace, you should first clean the area thoroughly and then go to ASAP to the occ health office or ER department to receive PEP.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
81Being infected with other STIs, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, or candidiasis, increases your risk of becoming infected with HIV.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
82A client presents to your clinic. He reports urethral discharge that is quite purulent, dysuria, and pelvic floor pain that radiates to his back. The discomfort comes and goes. You suspect he might have...
- Agonorrhea
- Bchlamydia
- CHIV
- DHPV
83Which of the following are CORRECT regarding urethritis? You may select more than one statement.
- AGeneral symptoms include urethral discharge, dysuria (especially if drinking alcohol), and deep pelvic pain, possibly radiating to the back (might mean involvement of other structures)
- BA wide range of symptom severity, often asymptomatic
- CGonorrhea infections may lead to other clinical manifestations, such as arthritis, dermatitis, and endocarditis
- DTaking cultures is not necessary - might as well go to NAAT directly because it has better sensitivity to diagnose both gonorrhea and chlamydia
84[blank_start]Syphilis[blank_end] is a non-culturable spirochete. It is called the "great mimicker."
- ASyphilis
- BGonorrhea
- CChlamydia
- DHerpes
- EHPV
- FHIV
85[blank_start]Painless[blank_end] chancres are usually due to syphillis, whereas [blank_start]painful[blank_end] chancres are usually due to herpes.
- APainless
- BPainful
- Cpainful
- Dpainless
86Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding syphilis?
- ASecondary syphilis can have numerous manifestations, including fever, malaise, rashes on palms and soles of feet, alopecia, hepatitis, and meningitis
- BPrimary syphilis usually presents with a painful chancre on genitals
- CLatent syphilis will very likely be asymptomatic
- DTertiary syphilis can present with cardiovascular, neurologic, or gummatous symptoms. The incubation period for tertiary syphilis can be between 1-46 years.
87Neurosyphilis can present at any stage of syphilis infection.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
88You are about to administer a dose of IM penicillin to a patient who has been diagnosed with syphilis. Before administering the injection, which is the most important thing to tell the patient?
- A"You may develop malaise and fever within hours of this first dose, which is called a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction and is due to the immune response to killed treponemes, not the penicillin itself."
- B"You may develop malaise and fever within hours of this first dose, which is a sign that you are having a serious allergic reaction to penicillin. Take yourself to an emergency department and tell them you've been given an IM dose of penicillin."
- C"What did you do that ended up with you having syphilis?"
- D"Did you know you can die of syphilis?"
89A patient reports recurrent painful blisters on their genitals. You suspect that they might be infected with herpes simplex virus. What should you do FIRST?
- ATake a thorough sexual history, as this is often enough to diagnose clinically
- BSwab the blister for culture
- CTell the patient that they should be practicing safer sex
- DInform the patient that they will need to contact all their sexual partners and tell them they might have herpes
90You are counselling a patient who was just diagnosed with HPV. She asks you, "doesn't this mean I'm going to develop cervical cancer?" What is the best response?
- A"Some types of HPV are oncogenic, meaning they can increase your risk of developing cancer. Would you be interested in getting tested to see if you carry an oncogenic strain?"
- B"Yes, you will likely develop cervical cancer, so we should increase the frequency of your Pap smears to every six months."
- C"No, HPV does not have any connection to increased risk of developing cancer."
- D"Google it."
91Gonorrhea, chalmydia, chancroid, syphilis, and HIV are notifiable diseases, meaning there is a public health requirement for sexual partners to be contacted. Notification can be done by the MD, public health, or by the patient.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
92Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding travel vaccinations?
- AYellow Fever and Meningococcus vaccines are usually "required" vaccines
- B"Recommended" vaccines include MMR, chicken pox, DPT, Polio, and Tetanus
- CN Meningitidis vaccine should be given not only to the traveller but also their family members because the vaccine does NOT prevent the person from being a carrier
- DChildren handle Hep A well but adults do not
93You are caring for a client who just returned from a trip and thinks she might have been exposed to Hep B. The potential exposure occurred 10 days ago. What should you NOT say to her regarding treatment?
- A"Unfortunately, since you're past 7 days, there would be no benefit to you receiving Hep B Immune Globulin."
- B"We should test your blood right away to see if you've been infected and we should get you some Hep B Immune Globulin asap."
- C"Did you get vaccinated before you left?"
- D"If you are infected, there are a few treatment options, including immunotherapy (e.g. interferon) and antiretrovirals (same medications that were used to treat HIV)."
94Hep D virus replicates only in the presence of Hep B - coinfection or superinfection. Therefore, the Hep B vaccine protects against Hep D.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
95Which of the following situations would warrant immediate vaccination against rabies, washing and flushing of any wound, and administration of rabies immune globulin?
- AA child who was touching and feeding animals at the family farm in Eastern Europe
- BA young woman who had a minor scratch from a potentially rabid dog - the scratch did not bleed
- CAn elderly man who was licked by a potentially rabid dog on broken skin
- DA young child who had multiple transdermal bites and scratches from a dog in Bangkok
96A fever from the tropics should be assumed to be malaria until proven otherwise. Quick treatment can be the difference between life and fast deterioration.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
97[blank_start]Vivax[blank_end] specie of malaria is rarely lethal but incapacitates the host and can stay dormant in the liver for years. [blank_start]Falciparum[blank_end] specie leads to life threatening complications such as coma, wet lung, jaundice, anemia, and renal failure.
- AVivax
- BFalciparum
- CFalciparum
- DVivax
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- quiz to prep for final microbiology exam for nursing
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- English
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