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Cognitive Psychology Chapter 4

Beschreibung

Quiz to study for CH 4 test
Amanda Chaiet
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Amanda Chaiet
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
Which is true of anxiety and fear?
Antworten
  • FEAR is the body’s response to a vague sense of being in danger
  • ANXIETY is the body’s response to a vague sense of being in danger
  • FEAR prepares us for action
  • ANXIETY increases respiration, perspiration, muscle tension, and others

Frage 2

Frage
Most individuals with one anxiety disorder also suffer from a second one
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 3

Frage
Check all that are DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders
Antworten
  • Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
  • Panic disorder
  • Social anxiety disorder
  • Agoraphobia
  • Specific phobias
  • Depression
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Multiple personality disorder

Frage 4

Frage
Anxiety also plays a major role in which different groups of problems?
Antworten
  • OCD
  • depression
  • Bipolar
  • multiple personality disorder
  • All of the above

Frage 5

Frage
Which is FALSE of generalized anxiety disorders?
Antworten
  • Common in Western society
  • About one-fourth in treatment
  • Men diagnosed more often than women (2:1)
  • Usually first appears in childhood or adolescence

Frage 6

Frage
Which perspective theorized excessive childhood neurotic or moral anxiety sets stage for GAD

Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Frage 7

Frage
Which perspective used general techniques like free association, transference, resistance, and dreams
 to treat all psychological problems?
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Frage 8

Frage
Which perspective used object-relations therapists to help patients identify and settle early relationship problems to treat GAD
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Frage 9

Frage
Which perspective says GAD arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Frage 10

Frage
Which perspective uses client-centered therapy and unconditional positive regard to treat GAD.
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humantisic
  • Behavioral

Frage 11

Frage
Which perspective says psychological problems are often caused by dysfunctional ways of thinking – including excessive worry and maladaptive assumptions.
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Behavioral

Frage 12

Frage
Which new wave cognitive theory states certain individuals consider it unacceptable that negative events may occur, even if the possibility is very small; they worry in an effort to find “correct” solutions
Antworten
  • Metacognitive Theory
  • Intolerance of Uncertainty Theory
  • Avoidance Theory

Frage 13

Frage
Which new wave cognitive theory suggests that the most problematic assumptions in GAD are the individual’s worry about worrying (METAWORRY)
Antworten
  • Metacognitive theory
  • Intolerance of Uncertainty Theory
  • Avoidance Theory

Frage 14

Frage
Which new wave cognitive theory holds that worrying serves a “positive” function for those with GAD by reducing unusually high levels of bodily arousal
Antworten
  • Metacognitive theory
  • Intolerance of Uncertainty theory
  • Avoidance theory

Frage 15

Frage
Which perspective treats GAD by breaking down worrying by helping them to recognize their inclination to worry and helping clients to become aware of streams of thoughts, including worries, and to accept these as mind events (Mindfulness-Based Acceptance Therapy)
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Frage 16

Frage
Which perspective believe that GAD is caused primarily by biological factors like competing explanation of shared environment involving GABA inactivity
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Frage 17

Frage
The circuit in the brain that helps produce anxiety reactions includes areas such as the
Antworten
  • amygdala
  • prefrontal cortex
  • anterior cingulate
  • hippocampus
  • cerebellum
  • hypothalamus

Frage 18

Frage
Which perspective treats GAD with anti anxiety drug therapy and relaxation techniques
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Frage 19

Frage
Phobias are persistent and unreasonable fears of particular objects, activities, or situations and often involve avoidance of the object or thoughts about it
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 20

Frage
Most people seek treatment for phobias
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 21

Frage
Which is true of agoraphobia
Antworten
  • People with agoraphobia are afraid of being in situations where escape might be difficult, should they experience panic or become incapacitated.
  • Many people with agoraphobia avoid crowded places, driving, and public transportation

  • In any given year, 2.2 percent of adults experience this problem, women twice as frequently as men.
  • The disorder also is twice as common among wealthy people vs. poor ones.
  • three-fifths of people agoraphobia are in treatment.
  • Many also are prone to experience extreme and sudden explosions of fear – called “PANIC ATTACKS” – and may receive a second diagnosis of panic disorder

Frage 22

Frage
Which phobia develops through a process of learning in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become tied together in a person’s mind and so produce the same response.
Antworten
  • Classical conditioning
  • Modeling
  • Stimulus generalization

Frage 23

Frage
Which phobia develops through a process of learning in which a person observes and then imitates others. Also, a therapy approach based on the same principle.
Antworten
  • Classical conditioning
  • Modeling
  • Stimulus generalization

Frage 24

Frage
Which phobia develops through a phenomenon in which responses to one stimulus are also produced by similar stimuli.
Antworten
  • Classical conditioning
  • Modeling
  • Stimulus generalization

Frage 25

Frage
What perspective is also called “PREPAREDNESS” because human beings are theoretically more “prepared” to acquire some phobias than others

Antworten
  • Behavioral-evolutionary perspective
  • Behavioral perspective
  • Evolutionary perspective
  • Biological perspective

Frage 26

Frage
Which treatment of phobias teaches relaxation skills, create fear hierarchy, and pair relaxation with the feared objects or situations
Antworten
  • Systematic Desensitization
  • Modeling
  • Flooding

Frage 27

Frage
Which treatment of phobias involves forced nongradual exposure
Antworten
  • Systematic Desensitization
  • Flooding
  • Modeling

Frage 28

Frage
Which treatment of phobias involves the therapist confronting the feared object while the fearful person observes
Antworten
  • Systematic Desensitization
  • Flooding
  • Modeling

Frage 29

Frage
What is the most common and effective treatment for agoraphobia
Antworten
  • Exposure
  • Flooding
  • Modeling
  • Systematic Desensitization

Frage 30

Frage
Which of the following about agoraphobia treatments is FALSE
Antworten
  • Therapists help clients venture farther and farther from their homes to confront the outside world.
  • Therapists use techniques similar to those used for treating a specific phobia but, in addition, use support groups and home-based self-help programs.
  • Between 60-80 percent of clients with agoraphobia who receive treatment find it easier to enter public places, and the improvement lasts for years.
  • Improvements are often complete, and relapses are uncommon.

Frage 31

Frage
Select all that can help treat social anxiety
Antworten
  • Assertiveness Training Groups
  • Medication
  • Psychotherapy
  • Exposure Therapy
  • Cognitive Therapies
  • There is no treatment

Frage 32

Frage
Which statement is FALSE
Antworten
  • Unlike specific phobias, social fears are often reduced through MEDICATION (particularly antidepressants).
  • Several types of PSYCHOTHERAPY have proved at least as effective as medication.
  • People treated with psychotherapy are more likely to relapse than people treated with drugs alone.
  • All are true

Frage 33

Frage
Panic attacks are periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within 10 minutes, and gradually pass
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 34

Frage
Which of the following statements about panic disorders are FALSE
Antworten
  • Has different prevalence across various cultures and racial groups

  • Tends to develop in late adolescence and early adulthood

  • Is twice as likely to occur in women than men

  • Is 50 percent more likely to appear in poor people than wealthier people

  • Is often accompanied by agoraphobia

Frage 35

Frage
Which perspective uses drug therapies to treat panic disorders?
Antworten
  • Cognitive
  • Biological
  • Humanistic
  • Behavioral

Frage 36

Frage
Which perspective describes panic disorders as the tendency to focus on one’s bodily sensations, assess them illogically, and interpret them as harmful
Antworten
  • Cognitive
  • Biological
  • Behavioral
  • Humanistic

Frage 37

Frage
What panic disorder treatment is used to produce panic in participants or clients by having them exercise vigorously or perform some other potentially panic-inducing task in presence of researcher or therapist such as jumping up and down, running up a flight of steps, and practicing coping strategies and making more accurate interpretations.
Antworten
  • Biological Challenge Procedures
  • Behavioral Challenge Procedures
  • Cognitive Challenge Procedures
  • Humanistic Challenge Procedures

Frage 38

Frage
Mark all that is true of OCD
Antworten
  • Person has recurrent and unwanted thoughts, a drive to perform repetitive and rigid actions, or both.
  • It is estimated that more than 40% of those with OCD seek treatment
  • It is more common in women than men
  • Between 1 and 2 percent of U.S. population suffer from OCD in a given year; as many as 3 percent over a lifetime
  • Occurrence of repeated obsessions, compulsions, or both
  • Minimal distress or impairment
  • The obsessions or compulsions take up considerable time

Frage 39

Frage
OBSESSIONS are repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts that people feel they must perform to prevent or reduce anxiety
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 40

Frage
Which is true of OBSESSIONS?
Antworten
  • Thoughts that feel both intrusive and foreign
  • Attempts to ignore or resist them trigger anxiety
  • Have common themes
  • Voluntary behaviors or mental acts feel mandatory/unstoppable
  • Behaviors reduce anxiety
  • Behaviors often develop into rituals

Frage 41

Frage
Which is true of COMPULSIONS
Antworten
  • Thoughts that feel both intrusive and foreign
  • Attempts to ignore or resist them trigger anxiety
  • Voluntary behaviors or mental acts feel mandatory/unstoppable
  • Have common forms/themes
  • Behaviors often develop into rituals
  • Behaviors reduce anxiety- but only for a short time
  • Believe that something terrible will occur if they do not perform the acts
  • Most recognize that their behaviors are unreasonable
  • Compulsive acts often occur in response to obsessive thoughts.

Frage 42

Frage
Which perspective states that OCD is played out in overt thoughts and actions Id impulses = obsessive thoughts Ego defenses = counter-thoughts or compulsive actions
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Frage 43

Frage
Which perspective concentrates on explaining and treating compulsions rather than obsessions and proposes that people happen upon their compulsions quite randomly
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Frage 44

Frage
Which perspective treats OCD by exposing a client to anxiety-arousing thoughts or situations and then preventing the client from performing his or her compulsive acts. Therapists often model the behavior while the client.
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Frage 45

Frage
Which perspective indicates that everyone has repetitive, unwanted, and intrusive thoughts
 and suggests that people with OCD blame themselves for normal (although repetitive and intrusive) thoughts and expect that terrible things will happen as a result
.
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Frage 46

Frage
Which perspective believes people attempt to “NEUTRALIZE” their thoughts with actions (or other thoughts)
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Frage 47

Frage
Which perspective treats OCD through psychoeducation and guiding the client to identify, challenge, and change distorted cognitions
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Frage 48

Frage
Which perspective describes OCD as abnormal SEROTONIN activity and abnormal brain structure and functioning
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Frage 49

Frage
Brain structures that have been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder include the
Antworten
  • orbitofrontal cortex
  • caudate nucleus
  • thalamus
  • amygdala
  • cingulate cortex

  • hypothalamus
  • hippocampus
  • prefrontal cortex

Frage 50

Frage
Which perspective treats OCD with serotonin-based antidepressants
Antworten
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Frage 51

Frage
In recent years, a growing number of clinical researchers have linked some excessive behavior patterns (e.g., hoarding, hair pulling, shopping, sex) to ANXIETY
Antworten
  • True
  • False
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