Personality & Individual Differences Weeks 7-12

Question

Tom and Sally have been dating for two years. Sally breaks up with Tom because he cheated on her with Betty. Sally tells her friend Kelly about Tom, but she tells her without showing any emotion. Tom continues to call Sally and treat her as he did when they were going out. Betty, who did not know about Sally, tells Tom that she is glad that he feels guilty for hurting Sally. She also tells him that it will take a long time to get over the guilt. Betty is using ___________ as a defense mechanism.

Answer 1

repression

Answer 2

projection

Answer 3

depression

Answer 4

self-actualisation

Answer 5

Their ego could never develop

Answer 6

Their superego could never develop

Answer 7

Their Id could never fully develop

Answer 8

all of the above

Answer 9

an undeveloped id

Answer 10

an undeveloped ego

Answer 11

a fully developed id

Answer 12

a fully developed ego

Answer 13

he is expressing a strong Superegeo

Answer 14

his Ego is being denied

Answer 15

his Id instincts are being denied

Answer 16

he has an electra complex

Answer 17

self control

Answer 18

projection

Answer 19

repression

Answer 20

basic evil

Answer 21

productive work

Answer 22

social interest

Answer 23

self-interest

Answer 24

Moving away from people, characterized by social avoidance, withdrawal, and need for independence.

Answer 25

Moving with people, characterized by compliance, submissive behavior, and a need for acceptance.

Answer 26

Moving toward people, characterized by compliance, submissive behavior, and a need for love.

Answer 27

Moving against people, characterized by arrogance, hostility, and a need for power.

Answer 28

oral and anal fixations

Answer 29

marketing and exploitative personality types

Answer 30

superiority and inferiority complexes

Answer 31

introversion and extroversion

Answer 32

the striving for success or superiority

Answer 33

organ inferiorities

Answer 34

organ dialect

Answer 35

feelings of superiority

Answer 36

In the normal individual the true self and the real self are closely aligned

Answer 37

in the neurotic individual the idealised self and the neurotic self are closely aligned

Answer 38

In the normal individual the idealised self and the real self are very different

Answer 39

In the neurotic individual the idealised self and the real self are very different

Answer 40

The anima and animus duality

Answer 41

the archetype

Answer 42

the collective unconscious

Answer 43

the persona

Answer 44

primal instincts

Answer 45

biological instincts

Answer 46

cultural instincts

Answer 47

social instincts

Answer 48

the self and experience are congruent

Answer 49

denial of organismic functioning is essential

Answer 50

the ideal self replaces the real self

Answer 51

an incongruence exists between the ideal self and the organismic self

Answer 52

self-centredness

Answer 53

self-awareness

Answer 54

self-actualisation

Answer 55

self-acceptance

Answer 56

inner directiveness

Answer 57

cognitive centering

Answer 58

self actualisation

Answer 59

mental discipline

Answer 60

self-actualisation

Answer 61

Physiological

Answer 62

belongingness

Answer 63

Belongingness and love; safety; physiological; esteem

Answer 64

Physiological; safety; belongingness and love; esteem

Answer 65

safety; belongingness and love; esteem; physiological

Answer 66

Belongingness and love; physiological; safety ; esteem

Answer 67

people in different cultures have different basic needs

Answer 68

motivation is nearly always conscious

Answer 69

people are motivated by one need at a time

Answer 70

people are continually motivated by one need or another

Answer 71

faulty learning

Answer 72

emotional disturbances

Answer 73

impairments in our self-awareness

Answer 74

blocks in our actualising tendency

Answer 75

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 76

Conditions of worth

Answer 77

Psychotherapy

Answer 78

Neuroticism

Answer 79

being needs

Answer 80

deficiency needs

Answer 81

growth needs

Answer 82

primary needs

Answer 83

Occupation, Concern and Approach

Answer 84

Openness, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness

Answer 85

Order, Compliance and Agreeableness

Answer 86

Originality, Caring and Assertiveness

Answer 87

low self esteem

Answer 88

impersonal

Answer 89

Extraversion

Answer 90

Psychoticism

Answer 91

Neuroticism

Answer 92

Agreeableness

Answer 93

twin studies

Answer 94

factor analysis

Answer 95

ability tests

Answer 96

characteristics that are typical for a person

Answer 97

characteristics that make a person unique

Answer 98

acting, thinking and feeling

Answer 99

all of the above

Answer 100

naturally underaroused

Answer 101

stimulus hungry

Answer 102

approaching

Answer 103

all of the above

Answer 104

psychotics

Answer 105

extreme extroverts

Answer 106

schizoprenics

Answer 107

intelligence, neuroticism, psychoticism

Answer 108

sociability, intelligence, psychoticism

Answer 109

extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism

Answer 110

intelligence, extraversion, neuroticism

Answer 111

high on biological determinants of personality

Answer 112

high on teleology

Answer 113

low on their ability to generate research

Answer 114

high on free will versus determinism

Answer 115

characteristics that are typical for a person

Answer 116

characteristics that make a person unique

Answer 117

acting, thinking and feeling

Answer 118

all of the above

Answer 119

cardinal traits

Answer 120

central traits

Answer 121

secondary traits

Answer 122

source traits

Answer 123

psychotics

Answer 124

extreme extroverts

Answer 125

Schizophrenics

Answer 126

agreeableness

Answer 127

conscientiousness

Answer 128

emotional stability

Answer 129

extraversion

Answer 130

specific behavioural responses, habitual responses, traits, supertraits

Answer 131

L-Data, Q-Data, T-Data

Answer 132

Cardinal traits, central traits, secondary traits

Answer 133

interpersonal traits, temperamental traits, character traits, material traits, mental traits, physical traits

Answer 134

Only primary traits are presented

Answer 135

no secondary traits are presented

Answer 136

no cardinal traits are presented

Answer 137

cardinal, primary and secondary traits are presented

Answer 138

sublimation

Answer 139

Repression

Answer 140

displacement

Answer 141

regression

Answer 142

The unconscious mind;the conscious mind; the rational mind

Answer 143

The irrational part of the mind; the rational part of the mind; the moral part of the mind

Answer 144

Impulses; impulse control; morality

Answer 145

Dreams and the imagination; morality; rational thought

Answer 146

Oral retentive

Answer 147

Anal retentive

Answer 148

Oral aggressive

Answer 149

Anal expulsive

Answer 150

regression

Answer 151

rationalisation

Answer 152

projection

Answer 153

displacement

Answer 154

Clare has developed an oral receptive character because she was overindulged at the oral stage of development

Answer 155

Clare has an oral aggressive character because she was under-indulged at the oral stage of development

Answer 156

Clare has an anal retentive character because she resisted her parents’ demands at the anal stage of development

Answer 157

Clare has an anal-expulsive personality because she complied with her parents’ demands at the anal stage of development

Answer 158

adolescence

Answer 159

In the normal individual the true self and the real self are closely aligned

Answer 160

in the neurotic individual the idealised self and the neurotic self are closely aligned

Answer 161

In the normal individual the idealised self and the real self are very different

Answer 162

In the neurotic individual the idealised self and the real self are very different

Answer 163

had a more positive view towards women

Answer 164

placed more emphasis on aggression

Answer 165

relied more on dream interpretation in psychoanalysis

Answer 166

was more likely to use hypnosis to treat patients

Answer 167

age of parents when child was first born

Answer 168

gender of siblings

Answer 169

birth order

Answer 170

size of extended family

Answer 171

Neo-Freudians emphasize conscious rather than unconscious thought.

Answer 172

Neo-Freudians view sex as less important than Freud did

Answer 173

Neo-Freudians put less emphasis on individual introspection and more emphasis on acquiring experimental data as a source of psychological theory.

Answer 174

Neo-Freudians inject a focus on interpersonal relationships as a source of psychological differences

Answer 175

Sensation; feeling; rational thinking; intuition

Answer 176

Feeling; rational thinking; sensation; intuition

Answer 177

Sensation; rational thinking; feeling; intuition

Answer 178

Intuition; rational thinking ; feeling; sensation

Answer 179

self-actualisation

Answer 180

physiological

Answer 181

belongingness

Answer 182

She must make friends so that she has the feeling of being part of a community

Answer 183

She must be allowed the freedom to express her ideas

Answer 184

She must find somewhere suitable to live

Answer 185

She must learn the rules of social conduct in her new cultural context

Answer 186

enhancement needs

Answer 187

ideal self

Answer 188

safety needs

Answer 189

actualising tendency

Answer 190

people in different cultures have different basic needs

Answer 191

motivation is nearly always conscious

Answer 192

people are motivated by one need at a time

Answer 193

people are continually motivated by one need or another

Answer 194

people in different cultures have different basic needs

Answer 195

motivation is nearly always conscious

Answer 196

people are motivated by one need at a time

Answer 197

people are continually motivated by one need or another

Answer 198

Does not create adverse impact

Answer 199

reliability

Answer 200

Can be completed electronically for ease of standardisation

Answer 201

Rorschach test

Answer 202

Thematic apperception test

Answer 203

intelligence

Answer 204

eysenck's three factor theory

Answer 205

allport's traits

Answer 206

unconscious intentions

Answer 207

brain size

Answer 208

conscious desires

Answer 209

more artistic and less verbal in nature

Answer 210

of value with test takers regardless of culture

Answer 211

indirect methods of personality assessment

Answer 212

all of the above

Answer 213

Thematic Apperception Test

Answer 214

Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory

Answer 215

Draw a man test

Answer 216

Neuroticism Extroversion Openess Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R)

Answer 217

are easy to administer and grade by a computer

Answer 218

have higher validity than self-report tests

Answer 219

allow respondents more freedom for self-expression

Answer 220

permit broader interpretations by the clinician

Answer 221

personality variables

Answer 222

emotional intelligence

Answer 223

cognitive abilities

Answer 224

all of the above

Answer 225

Through adjective and questionnaire statement methods

Answer 226

through galvanic skin response measurements

Answer 227

through fMRI measurements

Answer 228

through interviews

Answer 229

popularity

Answer 230

determinants

Answer 231

re-test reliability: people get similar scores when they do a test on different occasions.

Answer 232

discriminant validity: a test of one personality characteristic does not correlate with tests that measure different characteristics.

Answer 233

convergent validity: people get similar scores on a test when different people administer it to them.

Answer 234

internal consistency: the items in the test all correlate with one another

Answer 235

at least three cards

Answer 236

twenty cards

Answer 237

as many cards as he or she cares to administer

Answer 238

subjective tests

Answer 239

projective tests

Answer 240

objective tests

Answer 241

clinical interviews

Answer 242

physical concerns

Answer 243

social attitudes

Answer 244

all of the above

Answer 245

the tester and the client sit next to each other at a table

Answer 246

The tester asks the client where in each inkblot s/he saw each image

Answer 247

The client is asked to list at least two things that each inkblot calls to mind.

Answer 248

The tester makes a verbatim record of the client's responses.

Answer 249

convergent validity

Answer 250

content validity

Answer 251

internal consistency

Answer 252

retest reliability

Answer 253

They have poor inter-rater reliability, but they show high validity

Answer 254

They require too many inferences on the part of the examiner and do no show high validity

Answer 255

their validity is too high

Answer 256

they prevent subjects from expressing themselves freely

Answer 257

self-motivated

Answer 258

aggressive

Answer 259

Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family

Answer 260

Almost always chooses solitary activities

Answer 261

Has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner

Answer 262

Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity

Answer 263

Paranoid personality disorder

Answer 264

Histrionic personality disorder

Answer 265

Narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 266

Anti-social personality disorder

Answer 267

persistent social inhibition

Answer 268

feelings of inadequacy

Answer 269

hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

Answer 270

all of the above

Answer 271

aggressive behaviour

Answer 272

submissive and clinging behaviour

Answer 273

have great difficulties making everyday decisions

Answer 274

passive behaviour

Answer 275

eccentric behaviour marked by odd patterns of thinking and communication

Answer 276

discomfort with close personal relationships

Answer 277

often exhibit unusual ideas of reference

Answer 278

all of the above

Answer 279

By definition, personality disorders must be present continuously since childhood.

Answer 280

The majority of people diagnosed with one personality disorder meet the diagnostic criteria for at least one other personality disorder.

Answer 281

Since personality disorders are treated differently than acute disorders, medical conditions or life stressors by the DSM-IV, they are placed on Axis III

Answer 282

Because they are more debilitating, people with personality disorders seek treatment more often than people with acute disorders

Answer 283

avoidance of close relationships

Answer 284

avoidance of public spaces

Answer 285

are often spontaneously aggressive towards others

Answer 286

often feel that they have been deeply and irreversibly betrayed by others

Answer 287

don't want to have social relationships

Answer 288

wish they had more social relationships

Answer 289

feel over stimulated because they have too many social obligations

Answer 290

do not suffer from poor social skills

Answer 291

conduct disorder

Answer 292

childhood anxiety

Answer 293

attachment disorder

Answer 294

attention deficit disorder

Answer 295

Avoidant personality disorder

Answer 296

Anti-social personality disorder

Answer 297

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 298

Schizoid personality disorder

Answer 299

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Answer 300

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 301

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Answer 302

Schizotypal

Answer 303

Paranoid personality disorder

Answer 304

Anti-social personality disorder

Answer 305

Histrionic personality disorder

Answer 306

Schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 307

People with antisocial personality disorder are more likely to have low levels of education.

Answer 308

The tendency to engage in anti-social behaviours tends to begin in childhood and is one of the most stable characteristics.

Answer 309

People with antisocial personality disorder have trouble inhibiting impulsive behaviours

Answer 310

People with antisocial personality disorder have high levels of arousability, which leads them to avoid stimulation through impulsive and dangerous acts and to experience punishment as less severe.

Answer 311

borderline

Answer 312

histrionic

Answer 313

obsessive compulsive

Answer 314

Difficulty making and maintaining relationships

Answer 315

Risk taking, or doing things without thinking of potential consequences

Answer 316

a fear of being abandoned or rejected

Answer 317

Emotions which are consistent and stable

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Personality & Individual Differences Weeks 7-12

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