Frage 1
Frage
The pacemaker of the heart is normally the:
Antworten
-
sino-atrial node
-
atrio-ventricular node
-
bundle of Hiss
-
mitral valve
-
left ventricle
Frage 2
Frage
In electrocardiogram (ECG) the QRS complex represents:
Antworten
-
depolarisation of the atria
-
repolarization of the atria
-
depolarisation of the ventricles
-
repolarization of the ventricles
-
delay at the AV node
Frage 3
Frage
An ECG would be useful for determining a patient's:
Frage 4
Frage
Cardiac output (C.O.) is the:
Antworten
-
volume of blood pumped per minute by both ventricles
-
volume of blood flowing through the systemic circulation each minute
-
product of the number of heartbeats per minute and the volume pumped per beat
-
a and c
-
b and c
Frage 5
Frage
According to the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart
Antworten
-
with each systole the left ventricle ejects a larger volume of blood then the right ventricle
-
the intrinsic rate of the heart's pacemaker is 100 beats per minute
-
cardiac output increases with increased heart rate
-
stroke volume increases with increased venous return
-
both ventricles contact simultaneously
Frage 6
Frage
Distinguishing characteristics of the veins include the following
Antworten
-
all veins carry deoxygenated blood
-
all veins carry blood towards the heart
-
all veins have thick elastic walls
-
a and b
-
b and c
Frage 7
Frage
During exercise, there is an increased flow of blood to
Antworten
-
the brain
-
the kidneys
-
the muscles
-
b and c
-
a, b and c
Frage 8
Frage
Which of the following does not contribute to the increased stroke volume (SV) during exercise
Antworten
-
increased contractility of the cardiac muscle
-
increased venous return
-
increased length of filling time during diastole
-
increased sympathetic stimulation of the ventricular muscle
-
increased end-diastolic volume
Frage 9
Antworten
-
prevents the backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole
-
prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole
-
prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection
-
prevents backflow of blood into the aorta during injection
-
closes when the first heart sound is heard
Frage 10
Frage
In humans, blood loss causes
Frage 11
Frage 12
Frage
Which of the following organs has the greatest blood flow per 100 g of tissue?
Antworten
-
brain
-
heart muscle
-
skin
-
liver
-
kidney
Frage 13
Frage
If the heart rate is 70 beats/min, then cardiac output is closer to:
Antworten
-
3.45 l.min-1
-
4.55 l.min-1
-
5.25 l.min-1
-
8.0 l.min-1
-
9.85 l.min-1
Frage 14
Frage
The ventricles are completely depolarized during which portion of the ECG?
Antworten
-
PQ interval
-
QRS complex
-
QT interval
-
ST segment
-
T wave
Frage 15
Frage
Cardiac output (CO) of the right heart is what percentage of that of the left?
Frage 16
Frage
The action potential corresponds to which portion of the ECG?
Antworten
-
P wave
-
PQ interval
-
QRS complex
-
ST segment
-
QT interval
Frage 17
Frage
Which effects are caused by sympathetic stimulation?
Antworten
-
increased force of heart contraction
-
increased heart metabolism
-
increased heart conductibility
-
decreased excitability
-
a, b, and c
Frage 18
Frage
Which are the peculiarities of the action potential in cardiac muscle?
Antworten
-
long duration (0.3 s)
-
short duration (0.01 s)
-
high amplitude
-
plateau
-
a, and d
Frage 19
Frage
Excitation from SA node to AV node is conducted by:
Antworten
-
Nodal fibers
-
Internodal fibers
-
Atrial cardiac cells
-
His bundle
-
b, and c
Frage 20
Frage
When are all four valves closed?
Antworten
-
during isovolumetric ventricular contraction
-
during isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
-
during ventricular systole
-
during atrial diastole
-
a, and b
Frage 21
Frage
Effects of hypokalaemia:
Frage 22
Antworten
-
causes a prolonged QT interval
-
prolongs the QRS
-
causes ST segment elevation
-
potentiates digoxin toxicity
-
causes loss of P wave
Frage 23
Frage
Left ventricular end-diastolic volume is:
Antworten
-
10 - 30 ml
-
30 - 50 ml
-
50 - 70 ml
-
70 - 100 ml
-
100 - 130 ml
Frage 24
Frage
Local metabolic control is most important in determining flow to the:
Antworten
-
skin
-
lungs
-
skeletal muscles
-
kidneys
-
liver
Frage 25
Frage
The atrial component of ventricular filling is:
Frage 26
Frage
The lowest intrinsic discharge activity resides in the:
Antworten
-
SA node
-
AV node
-
Bundle branches
-
Purkinje fibers
-
Ventricular fibers
Frage 27
Frage
Slowest conduction (velocity) occurs in the:
Antworten
-
Atrium
-
AV node
-
Bundle of His
-
Purkinje fibers
-
Ventricular muscle
Frage 28
Frage
Which one of the following causes vasodilatation:
Antworten
-
TXA2
-
Serotonin (5-HT)
-
Endothelin
-
Neuropeptide Y
-
VIP
Frage 29
Frage
The highest oxygen extraction is found in the:
Antworten
-
carotid body
-
heart
-
kidneys
-
brain
-
lungs
Frage 30
Frage
The fastest conduction velocity is found in the:
Frage 31
Frage
Oxygen consumption at rest is the highest in the:
Antworten
-
brain
-
heart
-
liver
-
kidneys
-
skeletal muscles
Frage 32
Frage
Coronary blood flow is:
Antworten
-
dominant in the left coronary artery in 60% of people
-
better supply to subendocardium during systole
-
better supply to subendocardium during diastole
-
better supply to left ventricle during systole
-
left > right during systole
Frage 33
Frage
The velocity of blood flow is greatest in:
Frage 34
Frage
Arterial baroreceptor afferents:
Antworten
-
reach the spinal cord via sympathetic nerves
-
utilize glycine as a neurotransmitter
-
primary synapse in C1 area of the medulla
-
activate GABA inhibitory interneurons
-
excite autonomic efferents in the anterolateral horn
Frage 35
Frage
Isovolumetric contraction is associated with:
Antworten
-
immediate increase in heart rate due to cardiac sympathetics
-
cardiac output increased/unchanged
-
increased systolic blood pressure and decreased diastolic blood pressure
-
does not work
-
decrease stroke volume
Frage 36
Frage
Baroreceptors are not located in:
Antworten
-
carotid sinus
-
carotid body
-
right atrium
-
aortic arch
-
large veins
Frage 37
Frage
The volume of blood is the greatest in the:
Antworten
-
systemic capillaries
-
large veins
-
small arteries
-
the liver
-
the lungs
Frage 38
Frage
The standard ECG setting is:
Antworten
-
speed 50 mm.s-1 50 mm/mv
-
speed so mm.s-1 25 mm/mV
-
speed 25 mm.s-1 25 mm/mV
-
speed 25 mm.s-1 50 mm/mV
-
none of the above
Frage 39
Frage
Long term control of tissue blood flow includes:
Frage 40
Frage
Turbulence is more likely with:
Antworten
-
small tube diameter
-
high density fluid
-
increased tube length
-
increased viscosity
-
none of the above
Frage 41
Frage
The following would directly increase heart rate
Frage 42
Frage
At any given time the largest amount of blood in the body is carried by:
Antworten
-
veins
-
capillary beds
-
arterioles
-
aorta
-
vena cava
Frage 43
Frage
The pacemaker of the heart is:
Antworten
-
AV node
-
Purkinje fibers
-
AV bundle
-
SA node
-
None of the above
Frage 44
Frage
The T wave in an ECG indicates:
Antworten
-
Resting potential
-
Atrial depolarization
-
SA node excitation
-
Ventricle repolarization
-
Purkinje excitation
Frage 45
Frage
End diastolic volume in human is about
Antworten
-
140 ml
-
50 ml
-
70 ml
-
100ml
-
200ml
Frage 46
Frage
Major functions of the lymphatic system are?
Antworten
-
provide route for return of extracellular fluid
-
act as drain off for inflammatory response
-
render surveillance, recognition , and protection against foreign materials via lymphocytes, phagocytes, and antibodies
-
a, and c
-
a, b, and c
Frage 47
Frage
Blood pressure is the measure of:
Antworten
-
pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels
-
pressure exerted by the blood on the arteries
-
pressure exerted by the blood on the veins
-
pressure exerted by the blood on the aorta
-
none of the above
Frage 48
Frage
Systolic Pressure is:
Frage 49
Frage
The working myocardium:
Antworten
-
is a functional syncitium
-
is comprised of cells whose cytoplasm communicates
-
plays the role of pacemaker of the heart
-
is comprised of cells, connected by structures that impede the ion flow
-
reacts to threshold irritants with different number of excited fibers
Frage 50
Frage
The heart rate at rest is:
Frage 51
Frage
The full compensatory pause is typical of:
Antworten
-
the atrial extrasystoles only
-
both the atrial and the ventricular extrasystoles
-
the ventricular extrasystoles only
-
extrasystoles during atrial fibrillation
-
extrasystoles during atrial flutter
Frage 52
Frage
The duration of the cardiac cycle depends on:
Frage 53
Frage
The rhythm of the heart is determined by:
Frage 54
Frage
The increased heart rate is called:
Antworten
-
tachipnoe
-
bradycardia
-
atrial fibrillation
-
atrial flutter
-
tachycardia
Frage 55
Frage
When the rhythm is determined by the AV node, the heart rate is:
Frage 56
Frage
Automaticity is characteristic of:
Frage 57
Frage
The action potential of the cardiomyocytes passes through:
Antworten
-
slow depolarization and quick repolarization
-
rapid depolarization and slow repolarlzation
-
quick de- and repolarizations
-
slow de- and repolarizations
-
period of current electrical activity, expressed as slow waves and spike potentials
Frage 58
Frage
P wave of the electrocardiogram reflects:
Antworten
-
repolarization of the atria
-
depolarization of the ventricles
-
depolarization of the atria
-
hyperpolarization of the atria
-
the time necessary for the impulse originating in SA. node to reach the Purkinje fibers
Frage 59
Frage
Asynchronic contraction of the ventricles:
Antworten
-
is a phase of the ventricular systole
-
is a phase of the ventricular diastole
-
begins with closing the S.L. valves
-
begins with opening the S.L. valves
-
begins with opening the A.V. valves
Frage 60
Frage
In the complete atriovenrticular block:
Antworten
-
the conductivity at the bundle of His is fully interrupted
-
there is a complete independence of the atrial and ventricular ECG stages
-
the atrial waves indicate normal heart rate, but the rate of ventricular ones is 20-40 beats.min-1
-
the duration of PQ interval is 0.12-0.20 s
-
a, b, and c
Frage 61
Frage
The stroke volume of the heart at rest is:
Antworten
-
60 - 90 beats.min-1
-
approximately 70 ml
-
5.2 l
-
0.500 I
-
100-140 mmHg
Frage 62
Frage
The electrical axes of the heart is determined by:
Antworten
-
the vectorial sum of QRS complexes in the standard leads
-
the vectorial sum of QRS complexes in the precordial leads
-
the vector's direction of the electrical forces of the ventricular muscle tissue
-
the supine or straight position of the body
-
the vector's direction of the electrical forces of the atrial muscle tissue
Frage 63
Frage
The augmented unipolar leads are
Antworten
-
1st, 2nd and 3rd
-
aVR, aVL and aVF
-
answers a, and b
-
V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6
-
b, and d
Frage 64
Frage
The auscultation of the mitral valve is performed at:
Antworten
-
2nd sternal intercostal space, right of the sternum
-
5th intercostal space, 2 cm inside of the medioclavicular line
-
4th sternal intercostal space, right of the sternum
-
2nd sternal intercostal space, left of the sternum
-
3rd sternal intercostal space, left of the sternum
Frage 65
Frage
The phase 'plateau' of the cardiomyocytes action potentials is due to:
Antworten
-
outflow of K+ from the cells
-
inflow of Na+ into the cells
-
inflow of K+ into the cells
-
slow inflow of Ca2+ into the cells
-
inflow of Na+ into the cells and outflow of K+ from the cells
Frage 66
Frage
The extrasystoles are:
Antworten
-
increased heart rate of 250-230 imp-min-1
-
disturbances in conductivity
-
disturbances in excitability
-
extraordinary, only currently interrupting the cardiac rhythm, contractions of the cardiac muscle
-
c, and d
Frage 67
Frage
The electrical axes of the heart is of the indifferent type when the angle with the isoelectric line is:
Frage 68
Frage
Which of the following is not a vasoconstrictor:
Antworten
-
norepinephrine
-
epinephrine
-
serotonin
-
angioitensin II
-
kinins
Frage 69
Frage
At rest the diastolic arterial pressure is:
Antworten
-
90-95 mmHg
-
140-160 mmHg
-
60-90 mmHg
-
100-140 mmHg
-
75 mmHg
Frage 70
Frage
Which of the following doesn't affect blood pressure:
Frage 71
Frage
Throughout the isovolumetrtc relaxation of the ventricles:
Antworten
-
A.V. valves are opened, S.L. valves - opened
-
A.V. valves are closed, S.L. valves - opened
-
A.V. valves are opened, S.L. valves - closed
-
A.V. valves are closed, S.L. valves - closed
-
None of the above
Frage 72
Frage
The first heart sound is:
Antworten
-
systolic, result of the ventricular contractions
-
systolic, result of the A.V. valves closing
-
systolic, result of the S.L valves closing
-
diastolic, result of the A.V. valves closing
-
a, and b
Frage 73
Frage
Cardiac output (C.O.) depends on:
Frage 74
Frage
The intracardial regulation of the heart is carried out by:
Frage 75
Frage
The heart stops in diastole because of:
Antworten
-
increased level of Ca2+ in the extracellular fluid
-
increased levels of catecholamines
-
increased levels of glucocorticoids
-
increased concentration of K+ the extracellular fluid
-
increased secretion of T3 and T4
Frage 76
Frage
The peripheral chemoreceptors trigger:
Frage 77
Frage
The pulse pressure is:
Antworten
-
closer in value to the systolic than to the diastolic pressure
-
mean arithmetic of systolic and diastolic pressures
-
closer in value to the diastolic than to the systolic pressure
-
the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
-
one third of the mean arterial pressure
Frage 78
Frage
The cardiovascular center is situated in:
Frage 79
Frage
In the pulmonary circulation blood leaves the:
Antworten
-
right ventricle and goes directly to the aorta
-
right ventricle and moves to the lungs
-
right atrium and goes directly to the left ventricle
-
right atrium and goes directly to the lungs
-
left ventricle and moves to the lungs
Frage 80
Frage
In the systemic circulation, blood leaves the:
Antworten
-
left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta
-
right ventricle and goes directly to the aorta
-
right ventricle and moves to the lungs
-
lungs and moves to the left atrium
-
right atrium and goes directly to the lungs
Frage 81
Frage
The cardiac cycle includes all of the following events except:
Antworten
-
the movement of impulses from the SA node to all regions of the heart wall
-
the closing and opening of the heart valves during each heart beat
-
the number of times the heart beats in one minute
-
the changes in pressure gradients in all chambers of the heart
-
the changes in blood volume in all chambers of the heart
Frage 82
Frage
Which of the following chemicals does not regulate blood pressure?
Frage 83
Frage
Exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the main function of:
Antworten
-
arterioles
-
arteries
-
veins
-
capillaries
-
venules
Frage 84
Frage
Arterial blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following?
Antworten
-
increasing stroke volume
-
increasing heart rate
-
rising blood volume
-
falling blood volume
-
all of the above
Frage 85
Frage
The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body empties into the:
Antworten
-
left atrium
-
right atrium
-
aorta
-
left ventricle
-
right ventricle
Frage 86
Frage
The pacemaker of the heart is the;
Antworten
-
Purkinje fibers
-
The bundle branches
-
Bundle of His
-
AV node
-
SA node
Frage 87
Frage
The tricuspid valve is located between the:
Antworten
-
right and left atria
-
right and left ventricles
-
right atrium and right ventricle
-
left atrium and left ventricle
-
right ventricle and the aorta
Frage 88
Frage
When the mitral valve closes, it prevents the backflow of blood from the:
Antworten
-
left atrium into the left ventricle
-
left ventricle into the left atrium
-
right atrium into the right ventricle
-
left ventricle into the aorta
-
right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk
Frage 89
Frage
The vessels that carry oxygen to the myocardial cells are called:
Antworten
-
aortic arteries
-
pulmonary arteries
-
pulmonary veins
-
coronary veins
-
coronary arteries
Frage 90
Frage
The myocardium functions as a functional syncytium due to:
Antworten
-
the presence of striations in the myocardium
-
branching of myocardlal cells
-
the presence of gap junctions
-
the presence of desmosomes
-
higher concentration of Ca2+
Frage 91
Frage
Autorhythmic cardiac cells are found In all the following location except the:
Antworten
-
SA node
-
Interatrial septum
-
Purkinje cells
-
AV node
-
His bundle
Frage 92
Frage
Coronary blood flow to the left ventricle increases during:
Frage 93
Frage
Local metabolic activity is the chief factor determining the rate of blood flow to the:
Antworten
-
heart
-
skin
-
glands
-
lung
-
kidney
Frage 94
Antworten
-
drop along large veins is similar to that along large arteries
-
drop across the hepatic penal bed is similar to that across the splenic vascular bed
-
in the hepatic portal vein exceeds that in the inferior vena cava
-
drop across the vascular bed in the foot is greater when a subject is in the vertical than when he is in the horizontal position
-
in foot veins is higher when walking than when standing still
Frage 95
Frage
The second heart sound differs from the first heart sound in that it is
Antworten
-
related to turbelence set up by valve closure
-
longer lasting than the first sound
-
higher in frequency
-
occasionally in split
-
heard when the ventricles are contracting
Frage 96
Frage
Pulmonary vascular resistance is
Antworten
-
is equal to that offered by the systemic circuit
-
decreased when alveolar oxygen pressure fails
-
expressed in units of volume flow per unit time per unit pressure gradients
-
decreased during exercise
-
regulated reflexvely by sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerves
Frage 97
Antworten
-
contain most of the blood volume
-
have a histaminergic vasodilator innervation
-
receive nutrition from vas vasorum arising from their lumen
-
respond to distension by dilation of their smooth muscle
-
do not contain valves
Frage 98
Antworten
-
the left atrial wall is about three times thicker than the right atrial wall
-
systolic contraction normally begins in the left atrium
-
excitation spreads directly from atrial muscle cells to ventricular muscle cells
-
atrial and ventricular muscle contracts simultaneously in systole
-
the contracting ventricles shorten from apex to base
Frage 99
Frage
When measuring blood pressure by the auscultatory method:
Antworten
-
the sounds that are heard are generated in the heart
-
the cuff pressure at which the first sounds are heard indicate systolic pressure
-
the cuff pressure at which the loudest sounds are heard indicate diastolic pressure
-
systolic pressure estimations tend to be lower than those made by the palpatory method
-
wider cuff's are required for smaller arms
Frage 100
Frage
The absolute refractory period in the ventricles:
Antworten
-
is the period when the ventricles are completely still excitable
-
corresponds to the period of ventricular depolarization
-
corresponds approximately to the period of ventricular relaxation
-
is shorter than the corresponding period in atrial muscle
-
decreases during parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
Frage 101
Frage
Vascular resistance:
Antworten
-
increases by 50 per cent When the vascular radius is halved
-
is related to the thickness of the wall of the vessel
-
is related to the vessel’s length
-
is affected by blood Hb concentration
-
is greater in the capillary bed than in the arteriolar bed
Frage 102
Frage
Sympathetic drive to the heart is increased:
Frage 103
Frage
Hyperaemia in skeletal muscle during exercise is normally associated with:
Antworten
-
release of sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone in the exercising muscles
-
capillary dilation due to relaxation of capillary smooth muscle
-
a fall in arterial pressure
-
reflex vasoconstriction in other vascular beds
-
an increase in venous pressure
Frage 104
Frage
Sinuatrial node cells are:
Antworten
-
found in both atria
-
innervated by the somatic nerves
-
unable to generate impulses when completely denervated
-
connected to the AV node by fine bundles of purkinje tissue
-
able to generate impulses because their membrane potential is unstable
Frage 105
Frage
The first heart sound corresponds in time with:
Antworten
-
closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
-
the P wave of the electrocardiogram
-
a decline in atrial pressure
-
a rise in ventricular pressure
-
the A wave in central venous pressure
Frage 106
Frage
The velocity of blood flow:
Antworten
-
in capillaries is low because they offer high resistance to flow
-
in veins is greater than in venules
-
can fall to zero in the ascending aorta during systole
-
is lower towards the centre of large blood vessels than at the periphery
-
in the circulation falls as the haematocrit falls
Frage 107
Frage
The strength of contraction of left ventricular muscle increases when:
Antworten
-
end-diastolic ventricular filling pressure
-
serum potassium levels rise
-
blood calcium levels fall
-
blood magnesium levels fall
-
peripheral resistance is decreased
Frage 108
Frage
During isometric ventricular contraction:
Antworten
-
the entry and exit valves of the ventricle are closed
-
pressure in the aorta rises
-
pressure in the atria falls
-
left coronary blood flow is going up
-
the rate of rise in pressure is greater in the right than in the left ventricle
Frage 109
Antworten
-
is normally expressed as the output of one ventricle in liters/minute
-
is about 2.0 l at rest
-
is about 10.0 l at rest
-
rises in a cold environment
-
does not increase in exercise following denervatlon of the heart
Frage 110
Frage
In the brachial artery:
Antworten
-
Pulse waves travel at the same velocity as blood
-
Pulse pressure falls with decreasing elasticity of the wall
-
Pressure rises markedly when the artery is occluded distally
-
Pressure falls when the arm is raised above head level
-
Pulse pressures have a smaller amplitude than aortic pulse pressures
Frage 111
Frage
Arterioles offer more resistance to flow than other vessels since they have:
Antworten
-
thicker muscular walls
-
richer sympathetic innervation
-
smaller internal diameters
-
a smaller total cross-sectional area
-
a greater pressure drop along their length
Frage 112
Frage
In the denervated heart, left ventricular stroke work increases when:
Antworten
-
the end-diastolic length of the ventricular fibres increase
-
peripheral resistance decreases
-
blood volume falls
-
right ventricular output decreases
-
the veins dilate
Frage 113
Frage
With increasing distance from the heart, arterial:
Antworten
-
walls contain relatively more smooth muscle than elastic tissue
-
flow has a greater tendency to be turbulent
-
mean pressure tends to decrease slightly
-
pulse pressure tends to increase slightly
-
pO2 falls appreciably
Frage 114
Frage
In the estimation of cardiac output using the Fick principle:
Antworten
-
pulmonary blood flow is measured
-
the pO2 of arterial and mixed venous blood are measured
-
oxygen uptake is estimated from alveolar pO2 measurements
-
pulmonary arterial blood is sampled to measure the oxygen in venous blood
-
pulmonary venous blood is sampled to measure the oxygen in arterial blood
Frage 115
Frage
Systemic hypertension may be caused by:
Antworten
-
hypoxia due to chronic respiratory failure
-
excessive secretion of aldosterone
-
excessive secretion of insulin
-
myocardial thickening (hypertrophy) of the left ventricle
-
the rapid cardiac action of ventricular fibrillation
Frage 116
Frage
Peripheral differs from central circulatory failure in that:
Antworten
-
hypovolaemia is unusual
-
it leads to underperfusion of the tissues
-
cardiac output is usually normal
-
central venous pressure is high
-
ventricular function is usually normal
Frage 117
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In atrial fibrillation:
Antworten
-
the electrocardlagram shows no evidence of atrial activity
-
ventricular rate is lower than atrial rate
-
respiratory sinus arrhythmia can usually be seen
-
the ventricular rate is higher than atrial rate
-
the QRS complexes have an abnormal configuration
Frage 118
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Pain due to poor coronary blood flow (angina) may be relieved by:
Antworten
-
Cutting the parasympathetic nerve trunks supplying the heart
-
Infecting CaCl2
-
Providing the patient with a cold environment
-
β-adrenoceptor stimulating drugs
-
Drugs causing peripheral vasodilation
Frage 119
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Aortic valve incompetence may cause:
Antworten
-
increase in arterial pulse pressure
-
systolic murmurs in the aortic valve area
-
hypertrophy of right ventricular muscle
-
decreased myocardial blood flow
-
right ventricular failure
Frage 120
Frage
Ventricular extrasystoles:
Antworten
-
are usually associated with a normal QRS complex
-
from the same focus have similar QRS complexes
-
usually occur following a compensatory pause
-
can‘t be detected by ECG
-
indicate serious heart disease
Frage 121
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Pulmonary embolism (blood clots impacting in lung blood vessels) usually decreases:
Antworten
-
pulmonary vascular resistance
-
left atrial pressure
-
right atrial pressure
-
ventilation to perfusion ratios in the affected lung
-
pO2 in pulmonary venous blood
Frage 122
Frage
Hardening of the arterial walls tends to raise:
Antworten
-
Arterial compliance
-
Systolic arterial pressure
-
Diastolic arterial pressure
-
Peripheral resistance
-
The frequency of breathing
Frage 123
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Left ventricular failure tends to cause an increase in:
Antworten
-
right atrial pressure
-
Ieft ventricular ejection fraction
-
pulmonary capillary pressure
-
lung compliance
-
pulmonary oedema when the patient stands up
Frage 124
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In otherwise healthy people, local tissue death follows obstruction of:
Frage 125
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The part of the circulation pumping blood to and from the lungs is known as the _____ circulation.
Antworten
-
systemic
-
pulmonary
-
coronary
-
respiratory
-
hepatic
Frage 126
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The plateau phase of the action potential in contractile myocardiocytes is due to:
Antworten
-
the slow movement of Na+ across the cell membrane
-
the influx of Ca2+
-
the increased membrane permeability to K+
-
the increased membrane permeability to Na+
-
a decrease in Ca2+ diffusing across membrane
Frage 127
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The valve between the right ventricle and the vessel that leaves it is the _____ valve.
Antworten
-
tricuspid AV
-
bicuspid AV
-
mitral
-
pulmonary semilunar
-
aortic semilunar
Frage 128
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If the connections between the parasympathetic division of the ANS and the heart were cut, then
Antworten
-
heart rate would decrease
-
stroke volume would decrease
-
cardiac output would decrease
-
heart rate would increase
-
heart activity would remain unchanged
Frage 129
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Fenestrated capillaries:
Antworten
-
have pores in their walls
-
are located in most tissue
-
permit only one-way exchange of materials
-
have a layer of smooth muscle in their walls
-
are found in the liver and kidneys
Frage 130
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Absolute refractory period in the heart:
Antworten
-
corresponds to the duration of relaxation
-
lasts till half of cardiac contraction
-
shorter than refractory period in skeletal muscle
-
lasts till cardiac contraction
-
last only 10 ms
Frage 131
Frage
First heart sound occurs during the period of:
Frage 132
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Which of these vessels does not have sympathetic control:
Antworten
-
cerebral
-
splanchnic
-
cardiac
-
cutaneous
-
muscle
Frage 133
Frage
Blood brain barrier is made up of:
Antworten
-
astrocytes
-
oligodendrocytes
-
oligodendroglia
-
microglia
-
others
Frage 134
Frage
Positive bathmotropic effect on heart is produced by:
Frage 135
Frage
Which of the following conducting systems has the slowest conducting velocity:
Antworten
-
SA node
-
Atrial muscle
-
Purkinje fibres
-
AV node
-
Hiss bundle
Frage 136
Frage
In heart, within physiological limits the force of contraction is directly proportional to the:
Frage 137
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The diacrotic notch on aortic pressure curve is caused by:
Frage 138
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The PR interval of ECG corresponds to:
Antworten
-
ventricular repolarization
-
atrial repolarization and conduction through AV node
-
repolarization of AV node and bundle of His
-
depolarization of SA node
Frage 139
Frage
Increased vagal tone causes:
Frage 140
Frage
Which of the following is not increased during exercise;
Frage 141
Frage
Which of the following takes longest time to return to normal after 1L of blood is removed from a normal individual:
Frage 142
Frage
In a patient with mitral stenosis one would expect to hear:
Antworten
-
continuous murmur
-
a systolic murmur loudest over the base of heart
-
a diastolic murmur loudest over the apex of heart
-
a diastolic murmur loudest over the base of heart
-
systolic murmur over the apex of heart
Frage 143
Frage
The ‘S' wave in ECG is below isoelectric line because of:
Antworten
-
repolarization of ventricles
-
change in direction of the impulse when the base of the ventricles are getting depolarised
-
depolarisation of apex of heart
-
repolarisation of apex of heart
-
depolarisation of atria
Frage 144
Frage
Lymph flow from the foot is:
Antworten
-
increased when an individual rises from the supine to standing position
-
increased by massaging the foot
-
increased when capillary permeability is decreased
-
decreased by exercise
-
decreased by massaging the foot
Frage 145
Frage
The "T" wave in ECG is above the isoelectric line because of:
Antworten
-
depolarisation of ventricles
-
depolarisation of bundle of His
-
change in the direction of repolarisation from the wave of depolarization of the ventricles
-
repolarisation of purkinje fibres
-
depolarisation of atria
Frage 146
Frage
Restoration of the blood volume after haemorrhage is aided by:
Antworten
-
contraction of venous reservoirs
-
a fall in capillary pressure in certain vascular beds
-
arteriolar vasodilation
-
mobilization of intracellular fluid into the circulation
-
in increase in the osmotic pressure of the plasma proteins