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Chapter 2 : Key Terms & Definitions
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- 1List and briefly describe the five activities of systems analysis. Gather detailed information – meet with users to understand the business processes and needs
Define requirements – document findings by building models such as use case diagram and class diagram
Prioritize requirements – Decide which requirements (such as use cases) should be done first
Develop user-interface dialogs – work with the users to define exactly how they will use the system and what interactions with the system are required
Evaluate requirements with users – ensure that the requirements are complete, accurate, and prioritized correctly - 2What are three types of models?Textual models, graphical models, and mathematical models
- 3What is the difference between functional requirements and non-functional requirements?Functional requirements describe the business rules that must be supported by the new system, while non-functional requirements are the system characteristics such as speed, throughput, response time, and security. Both are important.
- 4What are the benefits of doing vendor research during information-gathering activities?It can inform the current team and users of new ideas and possibly more effective methods
The team can possibly find out about more current state-of-the-art solutions that vendors have created.
It may even be cheaper, faster, and more effective to purchase a solution instead of building. - 5What types of stakeholders should you include in fact finding?Both internal and external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders would include operational people who work with the system and executive stakeholders who may receive executive reports, or depend on the success of the system.
External stakeholders may include customers or partner organizations, who also receive information directly from the system. At the executive level, external stakeholders may be investors or regulators. - 6Describe the open-items list and then explain why it is important.During fact finding activities, and in fact throughout all the project, some issues can be answered immediately, but others cannot be answered immediately. Some questions may not be answered because more research may need to be done, or other items may need to be decided first, or the user procedure has not be finalized, etc. Those items will need to be tracked so that they are not left out of the solution system. The open-items list provides that tracking function by noting the item, assigning a responsible person, and tracking the completion of the open item.
- 7List and briefly describe the six information gathering techniques.Information gathering techniques include
Interview users and stakeholders – the most effective for information gathering, but the most expensive
Distribute questionnaires – good for finding overview or summary information from many people
Review current system documentation – good for understanding current processes
Observe current business processes – also good for understanding the user's processes and requirements
Research vendor solutions – good for generating new ideas and learning what already has been done
Collect user comments – good for finding out about problems with current processes - 8What is the purpose of an activity diagram?One purpose of an activity diagram is to document current user workflows. Activity diagrams are often called workflow diagrams. They can be used to document a user procedure as he/she interacts with the computer system.
- 9How would you ensure that you get all the right information during an interview session? Ensure that all stakeholders are identified and included in the requirements definition activities.
Review every existing form and report to make sure that all information needs are understood.
Identify and understand every business activity. Be sure that all business procedures have been discussed.
Ensure that all exception conditions have been identified and associated processing has been defined.
Maintain an open-items list and ensure that all items are resolved. - 10technology architecture– a set of computing hardware, network hardware and topology, and
system software employed by an organization - 11application architecture– the organization and construction of software resources to
implement an organization’s information systems - 12system requirements– the activities a system must perform or support and the constraints that
the system must meet - 13functional requirements– the activities that the system must perform
- 14nonfunctional requirements– system characteristics other than the activities it must perform
or support - 15usability requirements– operational characteristics related to users, such as the user interface,
related work procedures, online help, and documentation - 16reliability requirements– requirements that describe system dependability
- 17performance requirements– operational characteristics related to measures of workload, such
as throughput and response time - 18security requirements– requirements that describe how access to the application will be
controlled and how data will be protected during storage and transmission - 19FURPS+– an extension of FURPS
Functions
Usability
Reliability
Performance
Security
+ Design constraints
◦ Implementation
◦ Interface
◦ Physical
◦ Support - 20design constraints– restrictions to which the hardware and software must adhere
- 21design constraints– restrictions to which the hardware and software must adhere
- 22implementation requirements– constraints such as required programming languages and
tools, documentation method and level of detail, and a specific communication protocol for
distributed components - 23interface requirements– required interactions among systems
- 24physical requirements– characteristics of hardware such as size, weight, power consumption,
and operating conditions - 25supportability requirements– how a system is installed, configured, monitored, and updated
- 26Model– representation of some aspect of a system
- 27textual models– text-based system models such as memos, reports, narratives, and lists
- 28graphical models– system models that use pictures and other graphical elements
- 29mathematical models– system models that describes requirements numerically or as
mathematical expressions - 30Unified Modeling Language (UML)– standard set of model constructs and notations defined
by the Object Management Group - 31Stakeholders– persons who have an interest in the successful implementation of the system
- 32internal stakeholders– persons within the organization who interact with the system or have a
significant interest in its operation or success - 33external stakeholders– persons outside the organization’s control and influence who interact
with the system or have a significant interest in its operation or success - 34operational stakeholders– persons who regularly interact with a system in the course of their
jobs or lives - 35executive stakeholders– persons who don’t interact directly with the system but who either
use information produced by the system or have a significant financial or other interest in its
operation and success - 36client– person or group that provides the funding for a system development project
- 37open-ended questions– questions that encourage discussion or explanation
- 38closed-ended questions– questions that elicit specific facts
Gender
Age
Income - 39Workflow– sequence of processing steps that completely handles one business transaction or
customer request - 40activity diagram– describes user (or system) activities, the person who does each activity, and
the sequential flow of these activities - 41synchronization bar– activity diagram component that either splits a control path into
multiple concurrent paths or recombines concurrent paths - 42swimlane– heading activity diagram column containing all activities for a single agent or
organizational unit