Karteikarten
Ecosystems
Karten in diesem Stapel (29)
- 1How large is Epping Forest?2500 ha
- 2How much of Epping Forest is Deciduous?70%
- 3How is Epping Forest Managed?Pollarding
1878 Epping Forest Act of Parliament - 4What three things are temperate deciduous woodlands used for?Timber
Timber Products
Recreation - 5What Case Study am I going to use for Temperate Deciduous Woodlands?New Forest - Hampshire
South of England - 6How Large is the New Forest?375 km2
- 7What is the New Forest Used for??Timber - Produces 50,000 tonnes a year
Timber products
Recreation - 20 million visitors a year, 100 km of cycle paths, New Forest and Hampshire County Show - 8How is the New Forest Managed??Replanting of trees felled
Restoration of surrounding areas such as marshes
Dogs being disallowed from wildlife breeding sites
National Park Forest Centre - Encourages responsible use of the forest - 9How is the New Forest Managed?Timber is replanted if it is felled
Restoration of other areas nearby such as marsh lands
National Park Forest Centre - Encourages people to use the forest responsibly
Dogs are not allowed in wildlife breeding areas
People are encouraged to stick to footpaths - 10How many layers are there in typical Temperate Deciduous Woodland Stratification?5
Canopy
Subcanopy
Shrub Layer
Herb Layer
Ground Layer - 11Where are temperate Deciduous Woodlands found?40 - 60 degrees north and south of the equator
Europe, South East USA, China, Japan - 12Where are tropical Rainforests found?On the Equator:
Central America, North east of South America, central Africa, South east asia - 13Name 7 plant adaptations for tropical rainforestsLianas
Epiphytes
Butress Roots
Fast Growing Trees
Drip-tip leaves
Flexible Base of leaves
Thin smooth bark - 14Where are hot deserts found?Between 15 and 30 degrees North and South of the Equator
North Africa, The Middle East, South West USA, Lots of Australia - 15What Stratification is Found in Hot desert climates?Trick Question - None
- 16What Reasons are there for Deforestation? (5 main ones)Farming
Mineral Extraction
Road Building
Population Pressure
Commercial Logging - 17Name 3 Social Effects of Deforestation.-Top soil washes into peoples water supply
-People who live in a rainforest have no rights over land, it is the governments
-Tribal People are exposed to new diseases from loggers and farmers and could lead to fatality
Plants in Rainforests could be essential for making medicines
-Some people get a better quality of life as the rainforest provides jobs
-Destroy the lives of the natives
-Many conflicts of the use of the land by many people. - 18Name 4 environmental impacts of DeforestationTop soil washes into rivers
50,000 species are lost every year
Release Of CO2 leading to global warming
Soil becomes even more infertile
Many animal species face extinction because of a loss of habitat - leading to less biodiversity
An increase in the risk of flooding without tree canopies, reducing fertility
No leaf fall
Rainfall is reduced as transpiration is reduced - 19Name 3 political impacts of deforestationGovernments have to allow deforestation to relieve some of the strain on urban areas, encouraging people to move
When short of money governments will sell off large amounts of the land to developers to pay for public services
60-80% of logging in the amazon is illegal, this is a hard crime to prosecute for
There is a large amount of pressure from richer countries to cut deforestation, causing conflicts between governments and developers - 20Name 4 Economic Impacts of DeforestationGovernments can make a lot of money from deals with developers
Trees, plants and animals are worth $100bil to industry
US lose $5 bil a year due to illegal logging
Provides people with employment which is good as it boosts spending and reduces unemployment benefit
Governments are able to use the rainforests as an asset to generate money
Logging companies are often sold areas of rainforest at US $2 an acre, this is thousands of dollars worth of timber - 21What is selective Logging?This is where only some trees are removed from an area, these trees will have been specially selected because of their age and type and will have been given directions for which way to fell to cause the least damage, this means that the structure of rainforest remains, so habitats remain in tact and there is little environmental damage. Helicopters or horses are generally used to remove the timber as this is considered the most sustainable
- 22What exactly is replanting?Replanting is a method of sustainable forestry management, and it means that when you chop down trees you replant trees (the same type) to ensure that there is a supply for future generations
- 23How can hardwood be involved in forestry management?Hardwood such as teak and mahogany that is typically used in furniture is hard and dense. There is a very high demand for hardwood and populations of it are dwindling as a result and if we are not careful we may see species disappear all together. So we can introduce new woods, put high tax on imported hardwood, ban the felling of hardwood, and banning its sale, this will reduce the amount of hardwood felling and protect populations.
- 24How can education be involved in the sustainable management of rainforests?A main problem presenting rainforests is actually the people in the countries where they are. These local people often do not know the extent of the impacts that deforestation can have and so will try to make enough moeny in the short term to improve their quality of living through thing like illegal logging, if we educate these people in the effects of deforestation then we will able to reduce the amount of logging and protect the rainforests. We should also educate them about other ways they can use the forest sustainbly to make money such as ecotourism. Education worldwide will lead to less of demand for timber, it will also put pressure on governments to protect the rainforest.
- 25How can ecotourism be used in the sustainable management of tropical rainforests?Ecotourism, is tourism to an area done in a way that does not harm or even support the environment of the area, this can be of a great benefit to the local people and can mean that rainforests can be managed more sustainably. This is because the local people can act as guides, provide accommodation or transport or otherwise become involved in the tourist industry, this means that they will have an income and will not have to log to survive. Only small amounts of people would be allowed to go to the rainforest to keep environmental damage to a minimum, but could mean the forest is not destroyed to make way for farming and logging and it also leads to greater education in the rainforest and deforestation
- 26Give an example of ecotourism to a tropical rainforestTataquaea Lodge in the Brazillian rainforest. Here there are 15 rooms available and many activities including fishing, walking, canoeing, wildlife viewing. Waste is disposed of properly and solar power is used.
- 27How can reducing a countries debt lead to better management of the rainforests?Many rainforests are in poorer countries, these countries will borrow money from richer countries or international organisations to pay for services and to invest in the country. These countries then have to pay this money back, often with interest, so often allow large scale development of the rainforest to develop the economy and make money so that they can pay back this money. Sometimes though other countries and organisations will write of all or part of a debt in return for the country guaranteeing that they will care for the rainforest in a sustainable way
- 28Give an example of when a debt has been used to care for the rainforestIn 1987 a conservation group actually paid of some of Bolivia debt in exchange for the creation of a nature reserve.
- 29What do we mean when we say that protection is a method of sustainable forest management?This is where laws are actually put in place to help protect the rainforests, thes laws may bamn certain woods from being felled, prevent illegal logging, reduce the amount people are allowed to log. It may also mean the craetion of national parks or nature reserves to protect the area from development, but all these laws must be enforced properly if they are to effective.
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Karteikarten am Ecosystems, erstellt von charlie.rbc am 19/04/2015.
- Erstellt von
- charlie.rbc · Apr 2015
- Aktualisiert
- 6 Apr 2018
- Aufrufe
- 0
- Bewertung