Karteikarten
Resources and development
Karten in diesem Stapel (33)
- 1…CLASSIFICATION OF RESOURCES…1. Origin
2. Exhaustibility
3. Ownership
4. Status of development - 2On the basis of origin…1. Biotic — obtained from the biosphere. Has life.
Eg: humans, flora & fauna
2. Abiotic — all non-living things.
Eg: rocks, minerals, soil… - 3On the basis of exhaustibility…1. Renewable — rate of consumption lesser than rate of replenishment.
Eg: wind, water
2. Non-renewable — rate of consumption more than rate of rate of replenishment.
Eg: fossil fuels - 4On the basis of ownership…1. Individual — privately owned by individuals.
Eg: houses, plots
2. Community — owned by a community
Eg: wells, public parks
3. National — owned by the nation.
Eg: roads, railways, forest & wildlife
4. International — regulated and managed by international institutions.
Eg: oceanic resources - 5On the status of development…1. Potential — found but not used, due to lack of capital
Eg: wind resources in Rajasthan
2. Developed — utility and quantity surveyed.
Eg: fossil fuels
3. Stock — Not used due to lack of tech.
Eg: H2O into H2 & O2
4. Reserves - can be used, but not used yet. - 6…DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES…1. Resources are vital for human survival and maintaining a quality of life.
2. Indiscriminate use of resources
3. Solving problems caused by indiscriminate use of resources. - 7Problems caused by indiscriminate use of resources…1. Depletion of resources - satisfying need & greed of few.
2. Accumulation of resources - concentration of resources. Caused divisions b/w rich & poor.
3. Exploitation -
Leads to crisis’s such as global warming. - 8Solutions for these problems…1. Equitable distribution of resources
2. Resource planning
3 sustainable development — development should take place without damaging environment & not compromising needs of the future. - 9What does resource planning involve…1. Identification and inventory of resources.
2. Creating a planning structure to implement resource development plans.
3. Matching resource development and overall development plans. - 10Resource planning in India…* the availability of resources is necessary for development.
* along with availability of resources, technology and institutions must also be present.
*some places are poor in resources but are economically developed. - 11Conservation of resources…1. Irrational consumption of resources can lead to socio-economic problems.
2. Gandhi said,
- exploitative nature of tech is the root cause of resource depletion.
- he was against mass production and wanted production by the masses. - 12…LAND RESOURCES…* Land supports vegetation, wildlife, economic activities, transport and communication.
* Land is finite.
* land distribution in India,
- plains = 43%
- mountains = 30%
- plateaus = 27% - 13...LAND UTILISATION…1. Forests
2. Land for not available for cultivation
- barren and wasteland
- roads, building and not used for growing
3. Other uncultivated land
- permanent pasture & grazing land
- random trees and groves
4. Fallows
- current fallow, left for 1 or less yrs
- other than current fallow, left for 1-5 yrs
5. Net sown area ( per year ) - 14Land use determined by…1. Physical factors — topography, soil types, climate
2. Human factors — pop. density, tech capabilities, culture & traditions - 15Wastelands…Includes,
- rocky, arid desert areas
- settlements
- roads
- railway
- factories - 16What is land degradation…A change or disturbance to land which is perceived to be undesirable.
- 17Causes of land degradation…1. Soil pollution and erosion
2. Overgrazing
3. Drought
4. Over mining - 18Soil erosion…- loss of fertile land
- Increased pollution in rivers
- clogging of waterways
- decline in fish
- land holds less water. Makes land more prone to floods. - 19Overgrazing…- removes vegetal cover
- exposed soil is compacted
- soil depth declines
- roots cannot go deep into the soil
- adequate moisture unavailable - 20Drought…- A.K.A desertification
- loss of productivity of land
- reduces agricultural output
- increases human vulnerability to climate change - 21Over mining…- destroys soil
- exposes soil
-negatively impacts environment
-destroy integrity of soil and land - 22Controlling land degradation…1. Afforestation
2. Control on mining activities
3. Proper management of grazing land
4. Planting shelter belts - 23Factors contributing to soil formation…- change in temp
- wind and glaciers
- running water
- decomposers - 24Types of soils…1. Alluvial soil
2. Black soil
3. Laterate soil
4. Arid soils
5. Red and yellow soils - 25Alluvial soils…- found in the northern plains
- deposited by, INDUS, GANGA, BRAHMAPUTRA
- extend to Rajasthan and Gujarat
- found on the dentals of MAHANADI, GODAVARI, KRISHNA & KAVERI
- covers 40% of land
- light grey to ash grey
- sandy to loamy
- rich in potash and deficient in phosphorus
- khadar = new, fresh silt deposits every yr
- bhangar = old, deposited away from flood plains
- has KANKARS
- wheat, maize, sugarcane, pulses, oilseed - 26Black soil…- A.K.A regur soil or black cotton soil
- covers 15% of land
- covers most of Deccan plateau
- deep black to grey
- clayey, deep impermeable
- Rainy season = sticky
- Dry season = soil shrinks, cracks
- rich in iron, lime, aluminium, magnesium & potassium
- Deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter
Cotton, pulses, millets, castor, tobacco, sugar cane, citrus fruits. - 27Laterate soil…- Brick soil
- covers 3.7% of land
-lime and silica leached away during rains, leaving iron oxide and aluminium
- deficient in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, calcium.
- rich in iron oxide and potash
- have low fertility
- found in the southern tip of India and hilly regions
- Makes bricks and cashew nuts - 28Arid soils…- desert soil
- covers 4.42% of the land
- red to brown
- sandy to gravelly
- Low moisture content
- saline
- Deficient in nitrogen
- Kankar layers increase calcium content
- western Rajasthan
- Have little humus and organic matter - 29Red and yellow soils…- covers 18.5% of the land
- found where there is low rainfall
- eastern and southern Deccan plateau, western ghats
- red due to iron in crystalline & metamorphic rocks, yellow when hydrated
- fine grained and fertile
- course grained and infertile
Deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus, humus
- wheat, cotton, oilseeds, millets, tobacco, pulses - 30Soil erosion…- denudation of top soil
- land unfit for cultivation known as badland - 31Causes of soil erosion…1. Human.
- deforestation
- overgrazing
-construction
- mining
2. Natural.
- wind, glacier and water - 32Types of soil erosion…1. Gully Erosion - when running water cuts clayey soils making deep channels
2. Sheet erosion - when water flows over a large area of land washing off top soil
3. Wind erosion - when wind blows off the top soil. - 33Soil conservation…1. Ploughing along contour lines - decelerates water flow
2. Terrace farming
3. Strip cropping - grass then crop the grass then crop….
4. Shelter belts - planting trees along perimeter, stabilises sand dunes.
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- X Geography Karteikarten am Resources and development , erstellt von Paksh Educations am 18/07/2022.
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- Paksh Educations
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