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Bandura's Social Learning Theory
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- 1SOCIAL LEARNING THEORYAlbert Bandura (1962) proposed SLT to explain how learning often occurs without direct reinforcement. Instead, a behaviour can be learned indirectly by observing & imitating another individual whose behaviour has been reinforced. Cognitive factors are included in the process.
- 2MODELLINGWe learn through observing role models in the environment. When watching a model we focus our attention on them & their behaviour. Their behaviour has to be retained & remembered so it can be repeated.
- 3IMITATIONThe observer may imitate their models. It's more likely to occur if the observer identifies with the model because either
1: they perceive the model to be similar to them (e.g. age & gender) 2: they value & admire the model (e.g. because they have social status). - 4VICARIOUS REINFORCEMENTObservational learning/modelling. Influences behaviour, attitudes, & emotions. Motivates behaviour imitation of a role model, especially if they receive positive outcomes. Discourages copying behaviour of someone we dislike, especially if they receive negative outcomes. Useful for teaching children, especially those with autism.
- 5THE FOUR STAGES OF SLT1. ATTENTION: must be paid to replicate behaviour. 2. RETENTION: if you can't remember it, you can't imitate it. 3: MOTOR REPRODUCTION: you can only replicate what you can physically do. 4. MOTIVATION: we need to be motivated to complete the behaviour.
- 6BANDURA'S BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENTChildren of both sexes were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups & watched a video: 1. Adults beat up a bobo doll. 2. Adults ignored the bobo doll. 3. No model was present. The children mostly imitated the behaviour they saw the model display. Imitation was more likely if the model was the same sex as the observer.
- 7STRENGTHS OF THE BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENTGreat example of vicarious reinforcement. It helps to explain how children acquire aggressive behaviours (e.g. aggressive family environment) & how they can be reduced. The case of Jon Venables & Robert Thompson is a famous real world application.
- 8LIMITATIONS OF THE BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENTConducted in strict lab environments, so lacks ecological validity. It lacks generalisability as we can't generalise to everyday situations beyond the lab.
- 9STRENGTHS OF SLTSupported by human & animal studies. The findings reliably demonstrate how behaviour is influenced through observation & vicarious reinnforcement.
- 10LIMITATIONS OF SLTDisregards genetics. Research has shows that aggression, for example, has a genetic component, as well as social learning. Therefore SLT isn't a complete explanation of behaviour - a reductionist approach.
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- Beschreibung
- Flashcard deck covering Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory. It covers key topics like modelling, imitation and vicarious reinforcement, and Bandura's Bobo Doll experiment. It also includes evaluation of the theory.
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- Evelyn Widdrington-Fox
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