Karteikarten
Chapter 1 Traditions and Encounters.
Karten in diesem Stapel (36)
- 1BuddhismReligion, based on Four Noble Truths, associated with Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 B.C.E.), or the Buddha; its adherents desired to eliminate all distracting passion and reach nirvana.
- 2Chan BuddhismInfluential branch of Buddhism in China, with an emphasis on intuition and sudden flashes of insight instead of textural study.
- 3ConfucianismPhilosophy, based on the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi (551-479 B.C.E.), or Confucius, that emphasizes order, the role of gentleman, obligation to society, and reciprocity.
- 4DaoismChinese philosophy with origins in the Zhou Dynasty; it is associated with legendary philosopher Lao Zi and it called for a policy of non competition.
- 5DunhuangOasis in modern western China that became the site of Buddhist missionary activity by the fourth century C.E.
- 6Equal-Field SystemChinese system during the Tong Dynasty in which the goal was to ensure an equitable distribution of land.
- 7Foot BindingA practice that involved the tight wrapping of young girls' feet with strips of cloth that prevented natural growth of the bones and resulted in tiny, malformed curved feet.
- 8Grand CanalA huge network of canals that link the Yangtze and Huang He River systems, and that eventually extended to 2000 kilometers (1200 miles).
- 9GunpowderGunpowder is the first explosive to have been created in the world. Popularly listed as one of the "Four Great Inventions" of China, it was invented during the late Tang dynasty (9th century) while the earliest recorded chemical formula for gunpowder dates to the Song dynasty (11th century).
- 10HangzhouCapital of the Southern Song Dynasty in the late thirteenth century.
- 11HeianA Japanese period (794-1185), a brilliant cultural era notable for the world's first novel, Murasaki Shikibu's The Tale of Genji.
- 12Li BaiLi Bai was a Chinese poet acclaimed as one of the best and most important poets of the Tang dynasty, and even in the whole of Chinese poetry.
- 13Mahayana BuddhismThe “greater vehicle,” a more metaphysical and more popular northern branch of Buddhism.
- 14Nam VietEarly Chinese name for the modern nation of Vietnam.
- 15NaraNara is the capital and largest city of Nara Prefecture, with other major cities including Kashihara, Ikoma, and Yamatokōriyama.
- 16Neo-ConfucianismNeo-Confucianism is the cultural revival of Confucianism as an ethical, social and religious system, which dominated Chinese philosophy from the 13th through the 19th century.
- 17NirvanaNirvana is the goal of many Buddhist paths, and leads to the soteriological release from dukkha ('suffering') and rebirths in saṃsāra.
- 18PorcelainA very light, thin and adaptable type of pottery that, when fired with glazes, became a highly valuable export commodity during the Tang and Song Dynasty.
- 19Qing dynastyChinese dynasty (221-207 B.C.E.) that was founded by Qin Shihuangdi and was marked by the first unification of China and the early construction of defensive walls.
- 20SamuraiA Japanese warrior.
- 21ShintoIndigenous Japanese religion that emphasizes purity, clan loyalty, and the divinity of the emperor.
- 22ShogunJapanese military leader who ruled in place of the emperor.
- 23Silla dynastyImportant early Korean dynasty that flourished during the seventh and eighth centuries.
- 24Song dynastyChinese dynasty (960-1279) that was marked by an increasingly urbanized and cosmopolitan society.
- 25Song TaizuFirst emperor of the Chinese Song dynasty who reigned from 960 to 976 C.E.
- 26Sui dynastyChinese dynasty (589-618) that constructed the Grand Canal, reunified China, and allowed for the splendor of the Tang dynasty that followed.
- 27Sui YangdiSecond emperor of the Chinese Sui Dynasty, responsible for the construction of the Chinese Grand Canal system, who reigned from 604-618 C.E.
- 28The Tale of GenjiJapanese literary work written during the Heian Period (764-1185 C.E.) by the aristocratic woman Murasaki Shikibu.
- 29Tang dynastyPowerful and wealthy Chinese dynasty that ruled a vast East Asian empire from 618 to 907 C.E.
- 30Tang TaizongChinese emperor (r. 627-649) of the Tang dynasty (618 to 907).
- 31UighursTurkish tribe.
- 32WuweiDaoist concept of a disengagement from the affairs of the world.
- 33Wu ZhaoConcubine of Emperor Tang Taizong, who seized imperial power for herself in 690 after Taizong became debilitated.
- 34XuanzangXuanzang was a 7th-century Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler, and translator.
- 35Yang JianFirst emperor of the short-lived but effective Sui Dynasty which united China after centuries of division. Reigned from 589 to 604 C.E.
- 36Zhu XiNeo-Confucian Chinese philosopher (1130-1200).
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