Karteikarten
CIE AS Level organic chemistry mechanisms
Karten in diesem Stapel (9)
- 1Converting halogenoalkanes to nitriles1. Reagent - KCN, NaCN, CN
2. Reaction conditions - Reagent dissolved in alcohol, Heating under reflex
3. Reaction type - Nucleophilic substitution
4. Product - nitrile - 2Mechanism for nitrile formation5(i) C-halogen bond polar
(ii) C significantly positively charged
(iii) CN uses lone electron pair to datively bond to partially positive C atom
(iv) Simultaneously C-halogen bond cleaves to maintain quadrivalency and stability - 3Converting primary halogenoalkanes and primary amines1. Reagent - Concentrated ammonia
2. Reaction conditions - Reagent dissolved in alcohol, heating in a sealed tube
3. Reaction type - Nucleophilic substitution
4. Product - primary amine - 4Mechanism for primary amine formation5(i) C-halogen bond polar
(ii) C significantly positively charged
(iii) NH3 uses lone electron pair to datively bond to partially positive C atom
(iv) Simultaneously C-halogen bond cleaves to prevent octet rule violation as this would make the C structure unstable - 5Converting halogenoalkanes to alcohols1. Reagent - Concentrated aqueous NaOH
2. Reaction conditions - heating under reflux
3. Reaction type - Nucleophilic substitution/ Hydrolylsis
4. Product - alcohol - 6Mechanism for alcohol formation5(i) C- halogen bond polar
(ii) C significantly positively charged
(iii) OH uses lone electron pair to datively bond to partially positive C atom
(iv) Simultaneously C-halogen bond cleaves to prevent the presence of 5 bonding electron pairs in the valency shell - this is unstable - 7Converting halogenoalkanes to alkenes1. Reagent - NaOH
2. Reaction conditions - Reagent dissolved in ethanol, heating
3. Reaction type - elimination/ dehydrohalogenation
4. Product - Alkene - 8Mechanism for alkene formation5(i) OH accepts H+ to form H2O.
(ii)C-halogen bond breaks heterolytically, forming a Br-
(iii)Loss of an H atom and a halogen atom from adjacent C atoms
(iv) Double bond formation between the 2 C atoms to maintain quadrivalency - 9Formation of a range of product from a halogen and alkane1. Reagent - Any halogen
2. Reaction condition - presence of sunlight or UV radiation
Reaction type - free radical substitution/ halogenation
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- AS level Chemistry Karteikarten am CIE AS Level organic chemistry mechanisms, erstellt von Kudzai Ny am 12/03/2016.
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- Kudzai Ny
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