Karteikarten
Key events and concepts in Germany course
Karten in diesem Stapel (77)
- 1Stab in the Back MythIdea that Germany had not properly defeated in WW1 but betrayed by politicians from the Weimar Republic.
Referred to by Hitler - 2November CriminalsHow nationalist described Weimar politicians because they signed the Armistice to end WW1 in November 1918.
- 3Article 48Part of the Weimar Constitution. Allowed the President to rule alone in an emergency. This is what happened between 1930 and 1932.
- 4Proportional RepresentationVoting system used by the Weimar Republic under its constitution. Meant that many of its enemies got seats in the Reichstag.
- 5ReichstagGerman Parliament
- 6Treaty of VersaillesPeace treaty signed in June 1919 by Germany and the Allies. Hated in Germany for being unfair, harsh and humiliating
- 7Alsace-LorraineFormer German territory on French-German border which was given to France under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
- 8ReparationsFine that Germany had to pay as a result of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
- 9DiktatMeans dictated peace - Germany never got to discuss the Treaty of Versailles.
- 10Kapp PutschProtest organised in March 1920 by Wolfgang Kapp. Involved 5,000 Freikorps and ended by a strike of the workers.
- 11Spartacist RisingCommunist rising in January 1919 led by Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht
- 12Passive resistanceHow German workers protested in 1923 when French and Belgium troops invaded the Ruhr
- 13Invasion of Ruhr - January 1923French and Belgian troops invaded Ruhr industrial region in January 1923 when Germany announced it could not pay the reparations.
- 14Munich Beer Hall PutschNazi attempt to take power in November 1923. It failed and Hitler was sent to prison (Landsberg Fortress)
- 15Landsberg FortressPrison that Adolf Hitler was sent to after the failed Munich Beer Hall Putsch. He was sentenced to 5 years but only served 9 months.
- 16Mein KampfMeans 'My Struggle'. Book which Hitler wrote in prison outlining his political aims including gaining power by 'legal methods'
- 17SAKnown as Brownshirts. Helped Hitler's rise to power. Got rid of in Night of Long Knives - 1934
- 18Hyperinflation - 1923Economic crisis which hit Germany in 1923 after it printed too many banknotes. Winners were those with debts. Losers those with savings or paid monthly.
- 19FulfilmentPolicy of Gustav Stresemann to try and fulfil the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
- 20RentenmarkNew currency created by Stresemann to end hyperinflation crisis
- 21Dawes Plan (1924)Agreement with USA to reduce reparations payments and lend Germany money to pay them.
- 22Locarno Treaties (1925)Treaties where Germany promised to respect borders of France and Belgium.
- 23Nobel Peace PrizeAward given to Gustav Stresemann in 1926 for getting Germany back into League of Nations and negotiating the Locarno Treaties of 1925.
- 24Young Plan (1929)Plan which further reduced the reparations payment. Man called Alfred Hugenberg organised a campaign against it.
- 25Bamberg Conference (1926)Conference organised by Nazis where Hitler survived a leadership challenge from Gregor Strasser and Joseph Goebbels.
- 2612 seatsThe number of seats the Nazis had in the Reichstag in 1928.
- 27Wall Street Crash (1929)Economic crash in USA which led to the Great Depression of the early 1930s.
- 28Germany is dancing on a volcanoHow Stresemann described Germany's economic situation in the late 1920s.
- 296 million unemployedThe impact of the Great Depression was devastating. 5 banks also went bust and 23 million were affected.
- 30Great DepressionWorldwide economic depression which was particularly badly felt in Germany. 6 million were unemployed and 23 million affected.
- 31Heinrich BruningChancellor of Germany between 1930 and 1932. Relied in Article 48. He wanted to increase taxes and reduce government spending.
- 32Franz von PapenReplaced Bruning as Chancellor.
- 33Work and BreadHitler's promise to the German people
- 34Our Last HopeFamous propaganda poster which portrayed Hitler as people's 'Last Hope'
- 35Fritz ThyssenGerman businessmen who helped fund the Nazis to prevent the spread of Communism.
- 36The Reichstag Fire27th February 1933. Communists blamed. Persuaded Hindenburg to pass the Law for the Protection of People and the State to break up Communist meetings.
- 37Election - 5 March 1933This election saw the Nazis gain 288 seats.
- 38Enabling Act - March 1933Law gave Hitler power to be a dictator. Persuaded Nationalists to support him as he needed two-thirds of votes to pass the law.
- 39Trade UnionsHitler closed down the Trade Unions and replaced them with the German Labour Front (DAF)
- 40State ParliamentsAll Germany's state parliaments were abolished in January 1934
- 41Night of the Long Knives - June 193430th June 1934 - Hitler feared Rohm and his 2-3 million strong SA. He used SS to smash the SA leadership.
- 42Cult of the FuhrerPeople in Germany worshipped Hitler. For example, his birthday was a national holiday.
- 43Speak through a flowerPeople in Germany could only say good things about the Nazis or they would be sent for 're-education'.
- 44Death Head UnitsBranch of SS who ran the concentration camps.
- 45Editor's LawNewspaper editors could be imprisoned if they spoke out against Nazis.
- 46Burning of the Books - 1933Took place in Berlin - works by Communists, Jews and foreigners were publicly burnt. About 20,000 books burnt.
- 47People's ReceiverRadios were sold cheaply so people could listen to the radio when not at home.
- 48Nuremberg RalliesRallies held annually by Hitler in the German town of Nuremberg. Like a big pop concert only with Hitler making speeches
- 49ConcordatAgreement between Hitler and the Catholic Church. Hitler agreed not to interfere with Catholic Church.
- 50With Burning AnxietyPapal encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI expressing concerns about Nazi policy.
- 51Edelweiss PiratesRebel youth group - mainly working-class. They went around beating up Hitler youth patrols and writing anti-Nazi messages.
- 52Swing MovementMainly middle-class - listened to American jazz music and hung around with Jewish people. Did not conform.
- 53White Rose GroupRebel students at Munich University led by Hans and Sophie Scholl. Produced anti-Nazi leaflets and put up posters on the walls.
- 54Stauffenberg Plot - July 1944Also known as July Bomb Plot- organised by Count von Stauffenberg. Plot failed and Hitler took revenge killing 5,746 people.
- 55Kinder, Kirche, KucheMeans Children, Church and Cooking. Nazi priorities for women.
- 56Race StudiesNew subject in German schools - students learnt about Nazi ideas on race.
- 57EugenicsNew subject which taught children about selective breeding and the creation of the master race.
- 58LebensraumMeans 'Living Space' - pupils were taught about lands that were once part of Germany.
- 59IndoctrinateMeans to teach people to believe something - especially young people.
- 60Hitler YouthThere were many youth groups for young people in Nazi Germany. Organised separate activities for boys and girls.
- 61New PlanDr Hjalmar Schacht's plan to reduce unemployment and make Germany self-sufficient.
- 62Four Year PlanEconomic plan organised by Hermann Goring. Focused on Germany being self-sufficient and preparing for war.
- 63National Labour ServiceGave young men jobs on manual labour projects such as planting new forests. 1935 law said all men should spend 6 months in the Labour Service.
- 64Public Works SchemesLaw of June 1933 - creation of networks of autobahns - all work to be done by hand.
- 65Invisible unemploymentOfficial government figures in Nazi Germany did not include Jews, Women, Unmarried women or Opponents of Nazis.
- 66Strength Through JoySet up to provide workers with activities such as going on a cruise ship or going on a hike.
- 67Beauty of LabourImproved working conditions such as reducing noise levels or building canteens and sports facilities.
- 68AryanHitler's idea of blonde haired and blue eyed people.
- 69UntermenschenThe 'unmentionables' in Nazi Germany. Races that Hitler and Nazis saw as sub-human such as Jews and Slavs.
- 70Nuremberg Laws - 1935Laws that said Jews could not be German citizens and marriage and sex between Germans and Jews banned.
- 71Boycott of Jewish shops - 1933SA organised boycott of Jewish shops in 1933.
- 72The Eternal JewAnti-Semitic propaganda film in Nazi Germany.
- 73The Poisonous MushroomAnti-Semitic story read to children in Nazi Germany and written by Julius Streicher.
- 74Berlin Olympics - 1936The Olympics were held in Germany in 1936 - the anti-Jewish propaganda was watered down.
- 75KristallnachtNight of the Broken Glass - 1938. 10,000 Jewish shops ransacked, 20,000 put into concentration camps and 91 Jews murdered.
- 76EinsatzgruppenGroup of SS soldiers sent to murder any Jews they could find.
- 77Final SolutionThe solution of the Nazis to the 'Jewish problem' was to murder every single Jew in Europe. Final Solution decided at Wannsee Conference in 1942.
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- GCSE History Unit 2 - Life in Germany Karteikarten am Key events and concepts in Germany course, erstellt von pjlovingthelearning am 03/04/2014.
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