Karteikarten
3.1.1 Flash Cards
Karten in diesem Stapel (55)
- 1What is data?Raw facts and figures that are meaningless
- 2What is information?Information is data that has been describe. It need Structure, Context and Meaning
- 3How does data gain structure? Give an exampleStructure is gained through presentation
e.g. DATA - 210426 = STRUCTURE 15-05-17 - 4How does data gain context? Give an exampleContext is gained through interpretation
e.g. STRUCTURED DATA - 15-05-17 = CONTEXT - A date - 5How does data gain Meaning? Give an exampleWhen you understand what it means
e.g. STRUCTURED DATA - 15-05-17 = CONTEXT - A DATE = MEANING - the 135th day of the year (136th in a leap year) - 6Give the "Equation" to make data into informationData + Meaning(Structure+Context) = Information
- 7Give three ways of presenting dataAny of:
Text
Graphics/Image
Sound
Moving Image/Animation
LED - 8When can text be used? When can Graphics/Images be used? When can Sound be used?Letters, Emails, Texts
Signs, Charts
Alarms, Spoken Word - 9When can Moving Images/animations be used? When can LED be used?Education, For fun
On machines to indicate on/off, Display minimal inforamtion - 10One advantage of using textAny from:
Meaning is clear and explicit
Can be read in a loud place
A lot of information at once - 11One disadvantage of using textAny from:
Language barriers
Long Winded
Visually impaired
Long time for people to process - 12One advantage of using ImagesAny from:
"Pictures worth a thousand words"
No language barrier
Can see if loud
Always there - 13One disadvantage of using ImagesAny from:
Might not be clear/Misinterpreted
Need knowledge of context
No explanation if misunderstanding - 14One advantage of using soundAny from:
Can grab attention
No need to be close
Visual impairments have no problems
No visual distraction - 15One disadvantage of using soundAny from:
Hearing impairments
Bad in a loud environment
Everyone has to listen
Must be present at the time to hear it - 16One advantage of using moving image/animationAny from:
Can convey actions
Language independent - 17One disadvantage of using moving image/animationAny from:
Only show frame by frame
No sound - 18One advantage of using LEDsAny from:
Takes up little space
Power efficient
Cheap to produce - 19One disadvantage of using LEDsAny from:
Meaningless if you don't know why to use them
Need to be close to see them - 20What is knowledge Give an exampleThe understanding of rules needed to interpret information and using it, using your knowledge base
e.g. INFORMATION - 21-04-26 is Queen Elizabeth's birthday in European date format
KNOWLEDGE - The Queen was 82 in 2012 - 21DATA TYPES What is Boolean What is Real What is an IntegerOnly two values (Yes/No)
Any number including decimals
Any single number with no decimals - 22What is a String What is Date and TimeAny alphanumerical value
A date or time format - 23What is the data type of a telephone numberString
- 24What does a "direct source of data" mean?Data that has been collected for a specific purpose
- 25Advantages of Direct sourceAny from:
Data is what is required
Source is trusted - 26Disadvantages of Direct SourceAny from:
Costly to collect original data
Takes time to collect
Sample sizes may be too small - 27What does an "Indirect source of data" mean?Data collected previously and being used for a different purpose other than it original purpose
- 28Advantages of Indirect source?Any from :
Data instantly
Different Sources can be compared
Large sample sizes - 29Disadvantages of Indirect Source?Any from:
Not likely to meet requirements
May be out of date
May not be trustworthy
May not be enough detail
Format may be inappropriate - 30Name one factor which affects the quality of information. Explain the one you've chosenAny from:
Completeness - Need to have full data
Relevance - Must be on-topic
Accuracy - Need to be accurate/reliable
Age - Data should not be old or out of date
Presentation - Understandable e.g. chart
Level of detail - Too much or too little data - 31What is the purpose of encoding data?Any from:
Speeding up processing times
Reduce the amount of storage
Improving accuracy of input
Improving the presentation of data
Security - 32Ways to encode:Any from:
Numerical Representations (01= science, 02 = Engineering)
Abbreviations (SCI = science, ENG = engineering)
Value Judgments (Used in questionnaires) - 33What is the purpose of validation?To ensure data is (any from):
Sensible
Reasonable
Within Acceptable Boundaries
Complete - 34Name a Type of validationAny from:
Range checks (e.g. 1-10, a day before today)
Type checks (e.g. real, integer, string)
Length check (e.g. must be 5 characters)
Picture/format checks (e.g. post codes)
Presence checks (e.g. required fields)
Lookup checks (e.g. Male/Female/Other) - 35What is check digit? What is it used for?Check Digit is a single number between 0-9 which is put at the end of a string (e.g. barcode)
We use it to mathematically check the accuracy of data - 36How does check digit work?1. Data is entered (plus check digit)
2. Computer generates the expected check digit
3. If check digit matches = Save data
4. If check digit doesn't match = Data is rejected, Error message, Try again - 37What is the purpose of verification?Verification makes sure the data is the same as the object data
- 38Name the two types of verificationComputer Verification - Double Entry (e.g. passwords)
Manual Verification - Proof Reading (the person checks the data manually from the screen to the source) - 39Name one problem with Computer verification Name one problem with Manual VerificationAny from:
May have entered the same data entry error twice and not picked up
Any from:
Blurred and tired eyes might not pick up errors
People can see the same error twice and - 40What is a transcript error? Give an exampleMaking a mistake when copying data over
e.g Stuart = Stuasrt - 41What is a transposition error? Give an exampleMaking a mistake by reversing data
e.g. Stuart = Staurt - 42What is the difference between Backing Up and Archiving data?Backing up makes a copy of the data and stores it somewhere else for easy access
Archiving removes the data and transfers it somewhere else for storing - 43Name 3 costs of personnelAny from:
People employed to collect the data
Contractors
Maintenance of hardware and software
Staff attending training courses - 44Name 3 costs of SoftwareAny from:
Software licenses
Training staff to use the software
Maintenance agreements
DPT/Graphics editing - 45Name 3 costs of HardwareAny from:
Storage space to hold data
Purchasing and updating the equipment
Printers, CDs, DVDs, Writer, Scanner, Camera - 46Name 3 cost of consumablesAny from:
Electricity
Paper/toner for printers
Lamps
Petrol - 47Describe the diagram of the input, output, process, storing feedback.
- 48What is Inputting? What types of inputs are there?Inputting is entering external data and adding it to the system
Electrical input - CD/Disk , Network
Manual Input - Keyboard - 49What is processing? What are the three "steps" of processing?Processing is the actions performed on the data.
Sorting
Searching
Performing Calculations - 50What is storage? What is in storage?Storage is where the data is held
It holds results from processing, the original input and any other data required during processing - 51What is outputting? What types of outputs are there?Outputting is taking the information from the system and showing it to the user
Printed Outputs
Output on screen
Electronic Output
PDF Output - 52What is feedback? What is a closed Loop What is an open LoopFeedback is the output from the system and it can form the next input system
If feedback = automatic = Closed Loop
If feedback = Manual = Open Loop - 53What are the steps of a UPC Check Digit Modulus 10?1. Add odd placed numbers
2. Times odd totally by 3
3. Add even placed numbers
4. Add even and odd totals
5. Divide the total by 10
6. Subtract the remainder from 10
7. Add final digit to the end - 54What is Modulus 11 used for?It is usually used with 10 digit barcodes
- 55Explain the steps of modulus 111. Identify length of number
3. Identify weightings
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- These flash cards are a condensed down version of all the knowledge on 3.1.1
- Erstellt von
- Morgan Callaghan
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