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Personality Traits

Dooney 207 Individual Differences Englisch 72 Karten

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  1. 1How is factor analysis used to test the lexical hypothesis?Get a large set of terms to describe participants personalities and have people, their partner, rate them on those dimensions, seeing if they correlate with each other
  2. 2Who was the first to use factor analysis?Cattell
  3. 3What exactly did Cattell (1957) do?Started with Allport's words, and factor analysed it finding 16 factors, creating the 16PF (which has been since revised and is still used today)
  4. 4How many items does Cattell's original 16PF have?187
  5. 5What are four second order factors of Cattell's 16PF?Extraversion, anxiety, sensitivity, dependence
  6. 6What are the problems with the 16PF?Cattell was unable regenerate the 16 factors when reanalysising the test. Kline and Barret (1983) unable to replicate it. Big five underlies test
  7. 7What are Eysenck's three personality factors?Extraversion, neruoticism and psychoticism
  8. 8What are the characteristics of Eysenck's extroversion and introversion?Extroversion; sociable, takes risks, loves change. Introversion; quiet, thoughtful, reserved.
  9. 9What are characteristics of Eysenck's neuroticism and stable?Neuroticism; moody, anxious, touchy, restless. Stable; calm, even tempered, relax
  10. 10What are the characteristics of Eysenck's psychoticism?Cruelty, hostility, oddness, reject social customs.
  11. 11What is Buger (1977) definition of a trait?It is a dimension of personality used to catergorise people according to the degree to which they manifest the characterisitc
  12. 12What are the two assumptions of trait theories?Traits are relatively stable over time, and traits show stability across situations (may vary but some internal consistency, inferring traits influence behaviours)
  13. 13What are the two assumptions of trait theories?Traits are relatively stable over time, and traits show stability across situations (may vary but some internal consistency, inferring traits influence behaviours)
  14. 14What are Cattell's two types of traits?Constitutional traits, genetically determined, and enviromental-mod traits, enviromental influenced
  15. 15What are ability traits?Traits influencing how you deal with a situation
  16. 16What are temperment traits ?Individual differences to how people approach goals
  17. 17What are dynamic traits?Motivate us and energize behaviour
  18. 18What are surface traits?Collection of trait descriptors which tend to go together
  19. 19What are source traits?Responsible for variations in surface traits
  20. 20The 90 items of Eysenck's personality questionnaire are what types of questions, and also what type of scale does it feature?Yes or no questions, and a lie scale.
  21. 21How did Eysenck (1970) define personality?Personality is the way an individual's character, temperament, intelligence, physique and nervous system are organised
  22. 22What is a supertrait in Eysenck's theory?Collection of traits, his 3 dimensions
  23. 23Eysenck (1972) said personality mostly from, what factors?Biological, and environment has some input
  24. 24What is good about Eysenck Personality Questionnaire?Good internal reliability, Kline (2000) factor analytic structure is impeccable, and it works despite question force you make an extreme decision.
  25. 25Who added traits to Eysenck's three personality characteristics?Eysenck and Eysenck (1985)
  26. 26What did Campbell and Hawley (1982) find about introverts and extroverts?Introverts prefer quiet study areas, less breaks.
    Extroverts, places with more people, opportunity to socialize more, breaks.
  27. 27What are the traits associated withe extroversion?Sensation-seeking, sociable, carefree, lively, dominant, active, bubbly, assertive, venturesome
  28. 28Who found extroverts tire more easily on tasks of vigilance?Davies and Parasuraman (1992)
  29. 29What are the traits associated with Neuroticism?Tense, anxious, irrational, depressant, shy, guilt feelings, moody, low self-esteem, emotional
  30. 30What's the problem with Eysenck's psychoticism?Low internal reliability, despite being refined
  31. 31What did Eysenck (1990) say about genes and personality?Genes provide a strong tendency to become a certain type of person, some modification possible, with how children are socalised is important
  32. 32What are the traits associated with psychoticism?Impulsive, aggressive, unempathic, cold, creative, egocentric, tough minded, impersonal, anti-social
  33. 33Along the lines of Eysenck theory, what is treatment for disorders?Behavioural therapy
  34. 34What is the emic approach?Researchers use personality terms which are in the native language
  35. 35What are the biological factors related to extroversion and introbersion?Ex; Low on arousal, have stimulus hunger, craves noise and exictment, low threshold for boredom. In; highly aroused, likes to be quiet, almost any stimulation/over-stimulation painful
  36. 36What is the etitc approach?Personality questionnaires translated from another language into English
  37. 37What are the biological factors of Neuroticism?Liable nervous system, rapid mood swings, physiological symptoms.
  38. 38According to Saucier and Golberg (2001), what approach tends to be more reliable?Etitc tends to be more reliable.
  39. 39What theory can Eysenck's theory be combined with, and what is the problem with it?Galen's humors, but it's not much use for anything
  40. 40Who said we should be looking for contradictory evidence of trait models?Saucier (1995)
  41. 41Who found measures in questionnaire crucially affect which factors come out?Peabody and Goldberg (1989)
  42. 42What is Briggs (1989) criticism of trait theories?All based on data, no theory
  43. 43What is Mischel (1968; 1996) criticism of trait theories?Measures are descriptive not predictive, yet used to make important decisions by non-psychologists, 69 found traits only explain 10% of variance
  44. 44What are the five dimensions of Costa and McCrae (1992)?Neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness
  45. 45Costa and McCrae (1992)'s neuroticism, extroversion and openess inventory revised, itemms have...5 point scale answers
  46. 46What are the six lower level traits of Costa and McCrae (1992)'s neuroticism?Anxiety, angry hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, vulnerability
  47. 47What are the six lower level traits of Costa and McCrae (1992)'s extroversion?Warmth, graciousness, assertiveness, activity, excitment-seeking, positive emotions
  48. 48What are the six lower level traits of Costa and McCrae (1992)'s openness to change?Fantasy, aesthetics, feelings, actions, ideas, value
  49. 49What were the two dimensions of Wudnt's model and what was the problem with it?Emotional and changeability, but it doesn't explain much.
  50. 50What are the six lower level traits of Costa and McCrae (1992)'s agreeable?Trust, straight forwardness, altruism, compliance, modesty, tender mindedness
  51. 51What are the six lower level traits of Costa and McCrae (1992)'s conscientiousness?Competence, order, dutifulness, achievement striving, self-discipline, deliberation
  52. 52What is the lexical hypothesis?Get all words used to describe personality, removing similar ones, you will have a language suited to describing language
  53. 53What analysis technique does the lexical hypothesis use?Factor Anaylsis
  54. 54What gives evidence for Costa and McCrae's (1992) model?Lexical approach, factor analysis, broadly compatible with 16pf and myers-briggs, found in different languages, stable over time, neurological evidence
  55. 55What is Eysenck's psychotism in Costa and McCrae's (1992) big five?Openness, and agreeableness
  56. 56Who found neuropsychological evidence of Costa and McCrae's (1992) big five?Adelstein et al. (2011)
  57. 57What areas did Adelstein et al. (2011) find related with neuroticism?Areas of self-evaluation and and fear
  58. 58What areas did Adelstein et al. (2011) find related with extroversion?Areas in reward and motivation
  59. 59What areas did Adelstein et al. (2011) find related with openness?Areas in cognitive flexibility and imagination.
  60. 60What areas did Adelstein et al. (2011) find related with agreeableness?Empathy and social information processing
  61. 61What areas did Adelstein et al. (2011) find related with conscientiousness?Planning and self-discpline
  62. 62What did Allport argue, and what is the significance of his research?Argued there are central traits and secondary, secondary merely built on central. It is foundation of current trait theories
  63. 63Why did Kline (2000) suggest it might be a gigantic three over big five?Conscientiousness, openness and agreeableness often correlate on same factor as psychoticism, suggesting it is one factor
  64. 64What is the general evidence for the lexical hypothesis?Many words have lots of synonyms, the more synonyms, more central the trait
  65. 65What are criticisms of big five?No reason for six-lower traits per factor. So narrow in content bound to form scales, abandoned in theory, intercorrelations between lower traits across and between factors
  66. 66What does HEXACO stand for in Ashton and Lee's (2007; 2008) model?Honestly-Humility, Emotionality, eXtroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to experience
  67. 67What did Ashton et al. (2000) find in a number of lexical studies?A sixth factor emerging, honesty-humility
  68. 68Lee and Ashton (2008) HEXACO model has been identified in how many languages?12
  69. 69What are the two contexts of the HEXACO model?Honesty, agreeableness and emotionality, biological theory of reciprocal and kin altruism. Extroversion, conscientioussness and openness; biologically driven concepts
  70. 70What is Saucier (2002) criticism of HEXACO?Factors of a personality model should be independent, five factor is, honesty has been found to correlate with agreeableness multiple times
  71. 71What is McDonald (2000) criticism of HEXACO?Better sixth factors, such as spritality, and reigiousity
  72. 72How do the results of Musek (2007) suggest there may be one personality factor?Results were found high on one factor were likely to be high on another. Factor of personality aspects roughly valued, with no evidence of theory.

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Beschreibung
207 Individual Differences Karteikarten am Personality Traits, erstellt von Dooney am 17/05/2013.
Erstellt von
Dooney
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