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Flashcards by Margarita Telles, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Margarita Telles
almost 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| EXAM TWO: QUESTION #3 HOW ARE THE BIG FIVE TRAITS RELATED TO THE QUALITY OF A RELATIONSHIP? --USE 2 CONTEMPORARY EXAMPLES TO SUPPORT YOUR ARGUMENT-- (Chapter 6) | |
| Personality Traits and Emotional Tendencies. (p. 280) | The Big Five: These traits are pretty general and encompassing, but they also include other more specific aspects of personality. For instance, negative affectivity refers to a very general tendency to experience unpleasant and disturbing emotions, but it also includes specific psychological aspects, such as low self-esteem, anxiety, hostility, self-consciousness, and pessimism. The Big Five traits can be measured with brief questionnaires, and, as you might expect, most people are pretty consistent over time in rating their own personality tendencies. |
| Sub Section: Personality, Emotion, and Intimacy (p. 281) | One surprising aspect of this evidence is that even measures of personality taken in childhood can predict relationships later in life. For example, children who display frequent and severe temper tantrums before age 10 are twice as likely to divorce years later, compared to those with more steady tempers; women with a history of childhood tantrums tend to marry men of lower occupational status. Similarly, children who are judged at age 3 to be undercontrolledrestless, impulsive, easily frustrated, and moodyare inclined to have turbulent and conflicted relationships at age 21; people who know them well at that point also judge them to have more social problems. |
| (p. 283) | Negative Affectivity: People who have this trait tend to be less satisfied in their relationships and more likely to divorce, and they appear to be more difficult as relationship partners. |
| (p. 283) | When personality is assessed later, in adulthood, again we see associations between enduring emotional traits and the experiences people have in intimate relationships. Individuals high in negative affectivity, tending to dwell on their own negative qualities as well as those of other people and the world in general, appear to be particularly vulnerable to poor relationships. |
| (p. 283) | In a 50-year study of marriage, psychologists E. Lowell Kelly and James Conley (1987) demonstrated that for people who were engaged to be married, their negativityas judged by five acquaintanceswas greater in those who became unhappy in their marriage and those who later divorced. Among unhappy couples who eventually divorced, husbands tended to be more outgoing and more impulsive than the husbands in unhappy couples who did not divorce. Unhappy spouses, therefore, are more likely to proceed toward divorce (rather than remain unhappily married) if the husbands have personality traits that make them prone to engage in behaviors that undermine the relationship, such as infidelity, financial irresponsibility, and excessive drinking. |
| (p. 283) | Negative affectivity acts to bring about distress, and the other traits of the husband help to determine whether the distress is brought to a head in divorce or suffered passively in a stable but unsatisfactory marriage. |
| (p. 283) | Having a conscientious partner enables people to be more effective at work, in part because the household chores are being handled by the diligent one at home. |
| (p. 283) | Personality is tied to the problems partners confront, partners of disagreeable people complain of being treated with condescension and a lack of respect, and partners of people prone to negative emotion are more likely to cite self-centeredness, jealousy, and dependence as difficulties in their relationships. |
| (p. 284) | Maybe because of the undercurrent of tension and distress associated with negativity, sex tends to be more satisfying for couples whose personalities are generally positive and cheerful. |
| (p. 284) | Another way of thinking about personality and relationships involves considering both partners traits simultaneously. |
| (p. 284) | In other words, youre much better off trying to connect with a partner who is more agreeable and positive in general than with someone who is just like you in these traits. |
| (p. 284) | Personality traits seem to set the boundaries within which a relationship unfolds, while also affecting the ways partners communicate, perceive each others behavior, and respond during difficult moments. Knowing this helps confirm the common idea that personalities do matter in personal relationships. It also enables us to focus on this similar idea: The traits that matter the most seem to be negative affectivity and agreeableness, and they matter because they set the day-to-day emotional tone within our partnerships. |
| Sub Section: Dependence Regulation Model (pp. 285-287) | 1. Low self-esteem. 2. Underestimating the partners regard for self. 3. Perceiving the partner in an unfavorable light and expressing discontent. 4. Perceiving the relationship in an unfavorable light. |
| Sub Section: Consequences of Negative Affectivity and Low Self-Esteem (p. 284) | Their dependence regulation model demonstrates that people with low self-esteem underestimate how favorably their partners view them. That faulty estimation sets off a series of psychological processes that can contribute to unintentionally damaging the relationship, such as being excessively cautious and self-protective, overreacting to the partners criticisms, dismissing genuine praise, and feeling and expressing strong negative emotions, such as anger. |
| (p. 287) | Partners of people who were especially sensitive to rejection became less happy with the relationship as time passed, thus highlighting the interpersonal costs of the heightened sensitivity of the partner with low self-esteem. |
| Sub Section: Relationships Influencing Personality (p. 288) | People who began a relationship increased in self-reported conscientiousness, extraversion, and self-esteem; negative affectivity and shyness decreased. Therefore, personalities seem to be responsive to interpersonal experiences. On balance, however, the effects on personality of participating in a relationship are weaker than the effects of personality traits on a relationship. |
| Glossary Term (p. 289) | Big Five: The five broad personality traits believed to capture most personality differences between people: negative affectivity, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. |
| Early Relationships with Caregivers : The Attachment Theory View (p. 302) | Secure people also report a stronger inclination to talk openly with their partner after the partner has done something potentially destructive to the relationship, and they are less likely to think about breaking up. Individuals identified as fearful show the opposite pattern, closing off contact and being more inclined to jump to conclusions about ending the relationship. |
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