MODAL VERBS

MODAL VERBS

¿CUÁLES SON?

- Can - Could - May - Might - Must

- Ought to - Shall - Should - Will - Would

- Need to

- Have to

Seguidos de un infinitivo sin to

EXCEPTO

- Ought to - Need to

- Have to

CARACTERÍSTICAS

MODAL VERB + BE/HAVE

Carecen de forma -s / -es (3ª p.s.)

SÍ la tienen:

- Need to - Have to

EX: I must study more for exams

EX: The bus must be coming soon

EX: Sally should arrive soon

Phoebe needs to relax more

NO don´t/ doesn´t/ do/ does.

O. Negativa: añadir NOT al verbo modal

O. Interrogativa: invertir el orden del verbo modal y el sujeto

EX: She might not be telling...

May I close the window?

NO sufijos - ing / -ed

Momento pasado o futuro

Verbos be able to, be allowed to, have to

EX: I must phone Fred tonight

Contracciones en los verbos will y would

EX: I'll

I'd

ABILITY AND PERMISSION

CAN / CAN´T

Habilidad en el PRESENTE

COULD / COULDN'T

EX: Can you play the piano?

Habilidad en el PASADO

EX: My nephew could walk when he was one

CAN, COULD, MAY

Pedir permiso;

- Can: presente - Could: pasado

BE ABLE TO, BE ALLOWED TO

Habilidad y permiso en el pasado o futuro

EX: Will you be allowed to go on holiday this summer?

ADVICE, OBLIGATION & PROHIBITION

POSSIBILITY & CERTAIN

SHOULD (NOT), OUGHT (NOT) TO

Consejos y recomendaciones

MUST (NOT)

Obligación interna / personal y prohibición

EX: You should think about taking up a new sport

EX: You must log out of your email

HAVE TO, NEED TO

Obligación

(externa, legal)

EX: We have to update our anti-virus software regulary

DON'T HAVE / NEED TO

Falta de obligación

EX: You don't have to be a professional cyclist to enter the race

HAD TO, WILL HAVE TO

Obligación en el pasado, futuro

EX: I had to help my mum when I was young

COULD, MIGHT, MAY + INF

CAN'T, MUST + INF

Posibilidad en el PRESENTE

EX: I think that dog might be lost

Seguridad, certeza, deducciones lógicas del PRESENTE

EX: It can't be their dog. Look, they have another one

MODALS W/ PERFECT INFINITIVE

HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

COULD, MIGHT, MAY + INF PERF

Posibilidad, seguridad, certeza, deducciones lógicas del PASADO

Posibilidad en el PASADO

EX: We might have won the lottery. Let's check our ticket

CAN'T / COULDN'T, MUST + INF PERF

SHOULD (NOT) + INF PERF

NEEDN'T + INF PERF

Seguridad, certeza, deducciones lógicas del PASADO

EX: We can't have won the first prize as we don't have those six numers

Criticar acciones del PASADO

EX: I knew we should have chosen different numers this week!

Acciones innecesarias del PASADO

EX: You needn't have bought me such an expensive present. It's too much

Victoria Castro Martín Nº1 2º BAC B