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How languages are learned.

Learning process

Language is one of the most important tool in the world.

We use it for communicate our ideas.

Learner characteristics

All second learners have already acquired at least one language

This prior knowledge may be an advantage in the sense that they have an idea of how languages work

In addition to possible differences, there are also attitudinal and cultural differences between children and adults

Many adults and adolescents find it stressful when they are unable to express themselves clearly and correctly

Studying the language of second language learners

Teachers analyses learner language all the time

Teachers monitor the student learning

Language Acquisition progress

Error analysis was based on the hypothesis that, like child language, second language learner is a system in its own right-one that is rule-governed and predictable

Developmental sequences

Grammatical morphemes.

analysis by morphemes

Negation, Question, Possessive Determiners, Relative Clauses.

"Morpheme acquisition"

Studies shows that the learners' first language does have an influence on acquisition sequences.

First language

Interference is the linguistic change that has taken place in determined language, motivated for the influence of the second language

Odlin (1989) talks about the transference as the influence between the similarities and the differences between the target language and the native language

Negative transfer

Interference of mistakes made in second language, supposedly caused by their contact with the first language

Positive transfer

The native language and the target language have the same form

Vocabulary

Every language has an astonishingly large number of words

Neglected aspect of languaje learning

The task of acquiring a large vocabulary is quite different for second language learners

False cognaes.

Learners can have problems with this kind of words

Pragmatics

Speaker meaning is diferent from word or sentence meaning.

It studies the relationship between words and uses of the words, it is how people understand language in a context

Focuses on considerable attention has been "requesing"

Phonology

Is one of the components of language and it envolves the rules of structure and sequence os the sound of any language

Is the description of speech systems and patterns, like sounds in a language

Phonemes

Their job is to distinguish the sound of each word and they are classified into vowels and consonants