Environment & Biodiversity

Solanum plastisexum; Australia’s new sex-changing tomato: Also known as Dungowan bush tomato, distant relative of eggplan.

Coringa Mangroves - Located on estuaries of Godaveri + Krishna. 2nd largest mangrove in india. Famous for Olive ridley turtle numerous endangered species including the fishing cat, otter, jackal, sea turtles, sea gull, pelican, stork, heron, snipes, flamingos etc. HOPE ISLAND in CWLS.

Mangrove - Happens to be in Tropical and Sub tropical countries on Inter Tidal zone. act as buffer between sea and land, filters water, woody tree production, support veriety of habitat. As per India State of Forest Report, 2017, India has nearly 3.3% of the world’s mangrove vegetation.

Mangroves Location in India - https://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/312image1.webp

• El Salvador Recognises Forests as Living Entities
• Bangladesh declared river as legal person

National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD)  now under Min of Jal Shakti (After merging Min of water resource River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation along with Drinking Water and Sanitation)  is responsible for implementing the centrally sponsored national river conservation plan for all rivers across the country except river Ganga and its tributaries (as issues related to Ganga and its tributaries are taken up by National Mission for Clean Ganga).

• provide clean drinking water, international and inter-states water disputes, to the Namami Gange project aimed at cleaning Ganga and its tributaries, and sub-tributaries.
• The ministry has roll out the government’s ambitious plan (‘Nal se Jal’ scheme under jal jivan plan) to provide piped water connection to every household in India by 2024.

Micryletta aishani - NE Frog specie (Does not have foot web and breed b4 monsoon unlike other species which breed in monsoon)

* 2 head Green turtles (right head controls left flipper and right manages right flipper) are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters.

Status – Endangered by IUCN & CITES I appendix

* Mischogyne iddi(M iddi – Endangered by UNESCO) in Usambra mountain (located in easternmost ranges of Eastern Arc mountain) in Tanzania and unknown of wildlife dependent on these trees.

* Niche Tourism – specific tourism such as Golf tourism, Polo tourism, Wildlife tourism, wellness tourism etc.

* Saras crane – Vulnerable and list IV of Wildlife protection act 1972 and tallest flying bird in the world is state bird of UP.

* 19 million years old Heracles inexpectatus parrot Fossil found which is extinct in new Zealand's st. Nathan's place n termed as largest bird. Bird was flightless n 1 mtr tall n weight around 7kg Twice the size of critically endangered Newzeland kakapo (which was till now largest bird).

* Tardigrades - microscopic, multicellular n most durable Earthlings can bear extream heat around 150 degree n -270 degree n can b found anywhere on land,marine n Freshwater area is like 8 legged animal. They can bear near 0 pressure in outer space n crushing depth in Mariana trench.

* Mexico prickly pear cactus can replace plastic with bio degradable n would b boon fir world environment As per researchers.

* Dampa tiger reserve , mizoram having highest no of clouded leapord which is vulnerable (IUCN) n state animal of meghalaya.

Protected under Project tiger n integrated development of wildlife habitat (Centrally sponsored scheme).

* Blue flag certification- by FEE (Foundation for environment education) Started in 1985 (Spain tops with 566 beaches).

* RePlaN - Reducing plastic in nature by KVIC.

* Fly ash app launched by min of power to track Flyash in environment.

* Norman myres first gave concept of Biodiversity hotspot.

* Pilosaures - predatory reptiles lived in sea 150 mn years ago. Their bones are found in Poland. They are largest carnivorous reptiles ever lived n often called Sea monsters.

* Poison Fire Coral - thought to be native to Japan n korra. detected recently in Australia. It is deadly poinsonous coral which can effect person just by touching it n can cause dermatitis n inflammation. If eaten can cause brain damage n organ failure.

* Atapaka bird sanctuary at kolleru (on btwn Delta's of Krishna n godavari ) lake in AP. It is listed in Ramsar site.

* Senna spectabilis - invasive species threatening the butterfly habitat of wayanad life sanctuary by invasion of their nector plant n larval plants.

Butterfly census by kerla forest dept on Wayanad wildlife sanctuary. They found 6 new species of butterfly out of which 3 are rare species such silver forget me not which used to be seen only in Chinnar wildlife sanctuary

* Nagarjunasagar-srisailam tiger reserve in AP is largest tiger reserve in the country. Tiger population has increased. Krishna basin cuts though this reserve. Include 5 district of AP, mostly consist of nallamala forest

* Odisha - first city to establish plastic park.

Min of chemical n fertilizer has planned for four Plastic Parks in Assam (Tinsukia), Madhya Pradesh (Raisen), Odisha (Jagatsinghpur) and Tamil Nadu (Thiruvallur)

 

* 1. Individual

i) Ecads/Ecophene temporary change ii) Ecotype- changes starts getting permanent iii) Ecospecies - Same species bt ...... iv) Species 

2. Population - Same species population

3. Community - different population or species. i) Zoocenocis - Faunal community ii) Phytocenocis - Plant it Floral community iii) Microbiocenocis - microbial community

4. Ecosystem - community interact with each other n with their environment by exchanging energy. eg carbon cycling

5. Biosphere

 

* Sumatran Rhinos - extinct in Malaysia. Javan n sumatran rhinos are critically Endangered and Great one horned rhino or Indian rhino is vulnerable.

Great one horned is only rhino found in India out of 3 rhino specie.

* Clontridium botulinum bacteria Which releases dangerous toxin can be found in soil, rivers and seawater. Found in low oxygen n warm temperatures which cause mescular paralysis in any living being including human.

Recently birds died due to this toxin in Sambhar lake RJ.

 

* Thylacine or Tasmanian tiger which was believed to be extinct in 1930's is found in tasmania. They have dog like head with powerful jaws and pouch as kangaroo.

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