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Chapter 6: The bigger picture

6.1 Computing and the environment

• Some of the materials used in the manufacture of computer components are non-renewable and in short supply. Others are dangerous and pose a risk to human health.
• The Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive restrict the use of hazardous materials in computing technology, forcing producers to find more environmentally friendly alternatives.
• Computing technology consumes huge amounts of energy. Data centres are on of the worst culprits.
• Energy efficiency measures and use of renewable energy can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of computing technology.
• There is a possible health risk, especially for children, from exposure to the electromagnetic fields generated by wireless devices, such as smartwatches and smart clothing.
• Unregulated disposal of e-waste in landfill sites poses a significant threat to the environment.
• The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) regulations set targets for responsible recycling of e-waste.
• Computing technology is helping to preserve the environment in a number of ways, including monitoring and modelling climate change, conservation and smart energy.

6.2 Privacy

• Computing technology enables organisations to gather, store and analyse vast quantities of personal information about the people they come into contact with.
• Individuals give away all sorts of personal information about themselves online.