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DF24 Semi solids introduction - creams and gels

Mer Scott 14 questions

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  1. 1Semi-solid preparations consist of a simple or compound basis in which, usually, 1 or more active substances are [blank_start]dissolved or dispersed[blank_end]. The basis may consist of natural or [blank_start]synthetic[blank_end] substances
    and may be single phase or [blank_start]multiphase[blank_end]. According to the nature of the basis, the preparation may have [blank_start]hydrophilic or hydrophobic[blank_end] properties. It may contain suitable excipients such as antimicrobial [blank_start]preservatives[blank_end], anti[blank_start]oxidants[blank_end], stabilisers, emulsifiers, thickeners and [blank_start]penetration[blank_end] enhancers.
    1. Adissolved or dispersed
    2. Bsynthetic
    3. Cmultiphase
    4. Dhydrophilic or hydrophobic
    5. Epreservatives
    6. Fpenetration
    7. Goxidants
  2. 2Formulation influences the effectiveness and choice of semi-solids.
    For intact skin, you can aim to enhance the delivery through skin with [blank_start]alcohols, glycols, and oleic acids[blank_end]. Seeking to deliver to intact skin you can use [blank_start]isopropyl myristate, or propylene glycol[blank_end].
    For broken or damaged skin, if you have dry scaly lesions you want to use a dry fatty formulation with [blank_start]oils or waxes[blank_end], and excipients like [blank_start]surfactants and glycols[blank_end]. For wet, weeping lesions you want a wet formulation. If the drug in wet formulation is hydrophilic you can use [blank_start]water[blank_end] and sometimes [blank_start]propylene glycol[blank_end] as a cosolvent. If the drug is hydrophobic you can use [blank_start]mineral oils[blank_end], and possibly [blank_start]water or propylene glycol[blank_end] as a cosolvent. Always avoid [blank_start]alcohols[blank_end] on damaged skin.
    1. Aalcohols, glycols, and oleic acids
    2. Bisopropyl myristate, or propylene glycol
    3. Coils or waxes
    4. Dsurfactants and glycols
    5. Ewater
    6. Fpropylene glycol
    7. Gmineral oils
    8. Hwater or propylene glycol
    9. Ialcohols
  3. 3Creams:
    - [blank_start]Two-phase/multiphase[blank_end] preparations consisting of a [blank_start]lipophilic[blank_end]
    phase and an aqueous phase
    - Pharmaceutical creams contain one or more medicinal agents [blank_start]dissolvedor dispersed[blank_end] in either a W/O emulsion or an O/W emulsion or in
    another type of [blank_start]water-washable base[blank_end]
    - Creams are formulated to provide preparations that are
    essentially [blank_start]miscible[blank_end] with the skin [blank_start]secretion[blank_end]
    1. ATwo-phase/multiphase
    2. Blipophilic
    3. Cdissolvedor dispersed
    4. Dwater-washable base
    5. Emiscible
    6. Fsecretion
  4. 4Creams can be:
    - Lipophilic: [blank_start]W/O[blank_end] emulsions-i.e., continuous phase is lipophilic. They usually contain water-in-oil emulsifying agents such as wool [blank_start]alcohols[blank_end], [blank_start]sorbitan[blank_end] esters and [blank_start]monoglycerides[blank_end].
    - Hydrophilic: [blank_start]O/W[blank_end] emulsions-i.e., the continuous phase is the aqueous phase. They contain oil-in-water emulsifying agents such as [blank_start]sodium or trolamine[blank_end] soaps, [blank_start]sulfated fatty[blank_end] alcohols, polysorbates and polyoxyl fatty
    acid and [blank_start]fatty alcohol esters[blank_end] combined, if necessary, with water-in-oil emulsifying agents.
    1. AW/O
    2. Balcohols
    3. Csorbitan
    4. Dmonoglycerides
    5. EO/W
    6. Fsodium or trolamine
    7. Gsulfated fatty
    8. Hfatty alcohol esters
  5. 5O/W emulsions can contain oil in water emulsifies and water in oil emulsifiers, but W/O emulsions only contain water in oil emulsifiers.
    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
  6. 6Cold creams are [blank_start]W/O[blank_end] emulsions. When applied on the skin, a [blank_start]cooling[blank_end] effect is produced due to [blank_start]slow evaporation[blank_end] of water.
    Common ingredients:
    • Water
    • Oily parts: [blank_start]Liquid paraffin, White soft paraffin[blank_end]
    • Hard [blank_start]paraffin[blank_end]
    • Beeswax
    • Emulsifying agent—[blank_start]Borax[blank_end] (whitens the wax)
    • Perfumes and [blank_start]preservatives[blank_end] Q.S.
    1. AW/O
    2. BO/W
    3. Ccooling
    4. Dslow evaporation
    5. ELiquid paraffin, White soft paraffin
    6. Fparaffin
    7. GBorax
    8. Hpreservatives
  7. 7Vanishing Creams are [blank_start]O/W[blank_end] emulsions. When rubbed into the skin, water [blank_start]evaporates[blank_end] leaving a very thin layer of [blank_start]stearic acid[blank_end] (normally leaves no visible trace).
    Composition:
    • Stearic acid
    • Water
    • [blank_start]Emulsifying[blank_end] agent
    • [blank_start]Glycerine[blank_end] - soften and protect the skin
    - prevent [blank_start]chaps[blank_end]
    - act as a [blank_start]humectant[blank_end] (prevent the cream from drying and cracking during storage in its container).
    1. AO/W
    2. BW/O
    3. Cevaporates
    4. Dstearic acid
    5. EEmulsifying
    6. FGlycerine
    7. Gchaps
    8. Hhumectant
  8. 8Choose the incorrect statement about creams.
    1. ACreams usually include an antimicrobial preservative, a buffer, an antioxidant and fragrance materials
    2. BCreams should not normally be diluted.
    3. CIf diluted, creams should normally be used within two weeks of their preparation, and not heated.
    4. DCreams can be frozen to increase self life.
  9. 9Cold creams can give a [blank_start]greasy[blank_end] feel. If the skin is [blank_start]low in oil[blank_end], ie dry, cold creams can be used.
    Vanishing creams have a [blank_start]non-oily[blank_end] feel. They can be used on [blank_start]oily[blank_end] skin.
    Oily creams ([blank_start]w/o[blank_end] emulsions) are [blank_start]less[blank_end] greasy than ointments, are easier to apply, and can usually be [blank_start]simply washed off[blank_end] the skin surface, and hence are well accepted by patients. However they are [blank_start]less occlusive[blank_end] than an ointment and so may not be beneficial in [blank_start]dry skin[blank_end] conditions.
    1. Alow in oil
    2. Bgreasy
    3. Cnon-oily
    4. Doily
    5. Ew/o
    6. Fless
    7. Gsimply washed off
    8. Hless occlusive
    9. Idry skin
  10. 10Gels are semisolids consisting of [blank_start]small or large[blank_end] molecules [blank_start]dissolved[blank_end] (single-phase) or [blank_start]dispersed[blank_end] (two phase) in an [blank_start]aqueous[blank_end] system by a gelling agent.
    Gelling agents:
    - [blank_start]Synthetic macromolecules[blank_end] such as carbomer 934
    - [blank_start]Cellulose derivatives[blank_end] such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
    - Natural gums such as [blank_start]tragacanth[blank_end]
    The liquid forms a [blank_start]continuous[blank_end] phase with the thickening agent enhancing [blank_start]viscosity[blank_end] by providing [blank_start]porous scaffold[blank_end] of the gel.
    1. Asmall or large
    2. Bdissolved
    3. Cdispersed
    4. Daqueous
    5. ESynthetic macromolecules
    6. FCellulose derivatives
    7. Gtragacanth
    8. Hcontinuous
    9. Iporous scaffold
    10. Jviscosity

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Description
PHCY211 (Formulation) Quiz on DF24 Semi solids introduction - creams and gels, created by Mer Scott on 04/05/2018.
Author
Mer Scott
Language
English
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