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Questions in this quiz (104)
1What is Internal Validity
- AThe results of the research are applicable to the population from which the same was drawn
- BThe independent variable really influences the dependent variable
2What is external validity?
- AAre the results of the research applicable to the population from which the sample was drawn?
- BDoes the independent variable really influence the dependent?
3Surveys are
- Aweaker on internal validity and stronger on external validity
- Bstronger on internal validity and its difficult to assess their external validity.
- Cstronger on internal validity and weaker on external validiity
4Field Research is
- Astronger on internal validity and weaker on external validity
- Bweaker on internal validity and stronger on external validity
- Cstronger on internal validity and its difficult to assess their external validity
5Experiments are
- Astronger on internal validity and weaker on external validity
- Bweaker on internal validity and stronger on external validity
- Cstronger on internal validity and its difficult to assess their external validity
6Surveys allow us to collect information about
- AAttitudes, People, Jobs
- BCharacteristics, Attitudes, Behaviors
- CHappiness, Attitudes, Behaviors
7Surveys allow us to
- AExplore, Describe, Explain
- BExplain In detail
- CDescribe, Research, Find
8Actually Observed behaviors are
- ALess valid than self- reports behaviors
- BMore valid than self- reports behaviors
9What is Survey Research?
- AA frequency used mode of observation in the social sciences
- BA frequency used to gather information about other units
10What Step in the Wheel of science is the distribution and return of surveys conducted at?
- AStep 1
- BStep 2
- CStep 3
- DStep 4
11Who and what can be studied with survey research?
- AUnits of analysis/Almost anything
- BPeople/Units of analysis
12What is the difference between units of analysis and units of observation?
- AUnits of analysis are people who fill out surveys/ Units of observation are the what or whom being studied
- BUnits of analysis are the what or whom being studied/units of observation are people who fill out surveys
13What is a strength of an open ended question?
- AIn-Depth, Qualitative
- BDistinct, Observable
14What is a weakness of an Open Ended Question?
- AMisunderstanding, Research Bias
- BNot strong evidence
15What is a standized question and how is it useful?
- AVery in-dept questions that contain "open ended" response categories
- BVery short simple questions that contain "closed ended" response categories
16What are we trying to do with probability sampling?
- Ahelp to produce samples that are representative of the population
- Bhelp to produce samples that are non-representative of the population
- Chelp to produce samples that are bigger in comparison
17What is a Parameter?
- AThe summary of survey results
- BA method used to describe people
- CThe summary description of a given variable in a population
18What is the target population?
- AThe entire group a researcher is interested in
- BA group that acts as the main group
19What are the three methods for administering survey questionnaires?
- ASelf Administered, Face-to-Face, Telephone
- BTelephone, Face-to-Face, At home Survey
- CTelephone, Self Administered, At home Survey
20In a self Administered Survey :
- Athe interviewer asks the survey questions and once the respondent answers the interviewer records the respondents response
- Bthe respondent is going to fill- in and answer the survey questions
21In a Face-to-Face interview:
- Athe interviewer asks the survey questions and once the respondent answers the interviewer records the respondents response
- Bthe respondent is going to fill-in and answer the survey questions him or himself
22What is the VIP fundamental principle in regards to the role of the interviewer in face-to-face interviews?
- Athe questions are typically randomized and they mean different things to each respondent
- Bthe questions are typically standardized and that they mean the same thing to each respondent
23Which of the following are rules for interviewing?
- AAppearance and Demeanor
- BProbing for responses
- CRecording the responses exactly
- DFollowing the wording exactly
- EFamiliarity with the questionnaire
- FHelping clarify rules
24What is the function of a probe when asking survey questions?
- AProbing allows the interviewer to derive a response to an open ended question response category question and derive a less full response to an open ended response question
- BProbing allows the interviewer to derive a final, more clarified response to an open ended question
- CProbing allows the interviewer to derive a response to a closed ended response category question and derive a fuller response to an open ended response question
25What is Random Digit Dialing?
- AA sampling technique in which random numbers are selected from within the ranges of numbers assigned to active telephones
- BA sampling technique in which numbers are selected in a sequence within the ranges of numbers assigned to active telephones
26What is the CATI method?
- AComputer Analysis Telephone Interviewing
- BComputer Assisted Telephone Interviewing
27How is CATI helpful?
- AThe entire interview over the phone is structured through the computer
- BIt helps regulate the amount of calls that a surveyor can receive
- CThe computer branches and skins from question to question
28What is a contingency question?
- AA survey question intended for all respondents, determined by their actions to some other question
- BA survey question intended for only some respondents, determined by their responses to some other question
29What is the most common self administered survey?
- AMail survey
- BTelephone survey
- CComputer survey
30What are some strengths of Survey Reseach?
- AReliability
- BUseful in describing characteristics or large populations
- CBroad range of info can be collected
- DLarge samples are possible
- EGeneralizable
- FFlexible to field
31What are some weaknesses of Survey Research?
- AGeneralizable
- BValidity of measurement is sometimes weak
- CStandardization may yield superficial measurement of concepts
- DContext is difficult to capture
- ESurveys are inflexible to field
- FProcesses are difficult to study
32What is sampling?
- Athe process of selecting studies
- Bthe process of selecting observations
- Cthe process of selecting units of analysis
33What step in the wheel of science does Sampling take place?
- AStep 1
- BStep2
- CStep 3
- DStep 4
34Sampling is important to social research because we need to worry about what kind of sampling procedures we are going to use because that will determine how representative our sample will be.
- ATrue
- BFalse
35What is Probability Sampling?
- APrimary method of selecting large, representative samples for social research.
- BPrimary method for selecting samples in some way not suggested by probability theory.
36What is Non-Probability theory?
- AAny technique in which samples are selected in some way not suggested by probability theory
- BPrimary method of selecting large, representative samples for social research
37Probability sampling has a representative sample while non-probability does not
- ATrue
- BFalse
38Population is
- Athe entire aggregate or group that you are studying
- Ba subset of members of the population
- Cthe actual list of members for the population from which the sample is selected
39A sample is
- Aa subset of members of the population
- Bthe entire aggregate or group that you are studying
- Cthe actual list of members for the population
40A sampling frame is
- Athe entire aggregate or group that you are studying
- Bthe actual list of members for the population from which the sample is selected
- Ca subset of members of the population
41A sample is representative if:
- Athe results of analyses conducted on the sample data is conclusive to what you are observing
- Bthe results of analyses conducted on the sample data is equivalent to what actually exists in the population with a calculable degree of error
42A sample will be representative of a population if
- Aall the members of the population have an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in the sample
- Ball the members of the population have agreed to be studied and verified their terms
43What is the logic of probability sampling?
- Abased on random selection
- Beveryone has the same chance it will make the sample representative
- Ceveryone may volunteer to be a part of the study
44Sample distribution is
- Aevery increase in sample size improves the distribution estimates of the mean
- Bestimates just how "off" our distribution may be
45Standard Error
- Aestimates just how "off" our sample distribution might be from the true populations distribution
- Bevery increase in sample size improves the distribution of estimates of the mean
46Standard error will indicate the extent to which the sample estimates will be distributed around the population parameter
- ATrue
- BFalse
47Two rules for interpreting the standard error
- Athere is a 68% chance that the real population value is within one standard error above or below the particular sample value obtained
- Bthere is a 95% chance that the real population value is within two standard errors above or below the particular sample value obtained
- Cthere is a 64% chance that the real population value is within one standard error above or below the particular sample value obtained
48The larger the sample, the more sure we are because of the smaller standard error
- ATrue
- BFalse
49The smaller the sample, the less sure we are because the larger standard error
- ATrue
- BFalse
50What are probability samples designed to do?
- Agive each of the n sampling elements of a population an equal and known, non zero chance of selection
- Bgive each of the n sampling elements of a population a standard chance of selection
51Simple random samples
- Amost basic
- Ball of its principles are incorporated in the more elaborate designs
- Cgood when dealing with large sampling frames
52Systematic Samples
- AGood when dealing with very large sampling frames
- BMost basic
- CGood for delivering very large samples
- Donly have to use the table of random samples once to get a starting point
- Ehomogenous groups
53Stratified samples
- Agroups units composed of a population into homogenous groups before sampling
- Bmost basic
- Cgood for dealing with very large sampling frames
54Cluster sampling is used when
- Ait is impossible or impractical to compile an exhaustive list of the elements composing target population
- Bused if you don't have a list
- Cimportant in determining homogenous groups
55Non probability sample designs
- AConvenience samples
- BSnowball samples
- CQuota samples
- DCluster samples
- EPurposive or Judgemental Samples
56Data Analysis occurs in which step of the wheel of science?
- AStep 1
- BStep 2
- CStep 3
- DStep 4
57Descriptive Analyses is
- Awhen the researcher observes and then describes what was observed
- Bwhen the researcher examines a new interest or when the subject of the study itself is relatively new
58Explanatory Research is
- Awhen a researcher observes and then describes what was observed
- Bwhen a researcher examines a new interest or when the subject itself is relatively new
59Uni-variate analyses use
- AFrequency distribution
- BMode
- CMean
- DStatistics
60What are the two different test that a researcher can use (minimally) to test a hypothesis?
- ANominal or ordinal
- BInterval or ratio
- COrdinal or ratio
61Bi-Variate are weak because they only satisfy the first 2 of the 3 steps necessary to establish causality
- ATrue
- BFalse
62Multivariate are stronger because we will have more than one independent variable
- ATrue
- BFalse
63The standard regression coefficient
- Aallows an analyst to determine if the relationship between x and y is statistically significant even after controlling for the influences of x2,x3,x4 ect.
- Ballows an analyst to determine if the relationship between y and x is multivariate and significant even when controlling for x2,x3,x4 etc.
64What types of studies are experiments particularly well suited for?
- Athey are well suited for studies whose concepts are well defined operationally and for explanatory research because you can eliminate other causes of the dependent variable.
- Bthey are well suited for studies whose concepts are well defined explanatory and for eliminating the independent variable.
65What three things must you have for a true experiment?
- Aclearly defined independent and dependent variables
- B2 groups; an experimental group and a control group
- Ca method for establishing equivalency of the experimental and control groups
- Da well defined concept
66What are Hawthorn effects?
- Athe tendency of some people to work harder and perform better when they are participants in an experiment
- Bthe tendency of some people to understand what the survey is about and form a type of bias
67What is randomization?
- A to randomly assign people from the sample into both the experimental group and the control group.
- Bto randomly assign people from the survey into one group, the experimental group.
68X is the
- Aexperimental stimulus/intervention
- Boutcome/observation
- Cpretest
- Drandom assignment
- Etesting effect
69The basics of the classic true experiment are
- Atwo groups
- Brandom assignment
- Cpost-test measure only
- Dtesting effect
703 threats to internal validity
- Acontrol variables, demonstrate non- spuriousness, multivariate analyses
- Bcontrol variables, external validity, multivariate analyses
71The major disadvantage of experimental method is the difficulty in assessing their generalizability.
- ATrue
- BFalse
72Experiments are generally considered weak
- ATrue
- BFalse
73What is field research?
- Athe study of people given an equal participation in a survey
- Bthe study of people acting in the natural course of their daily lives
- Cthe study of people applying bias to their surveys
74Field research is different because it involves actually making your own observations
- ATrue
- BFalse
75Why is field research more inductive?
- Ait begins by observing patterns of behavior (data collection)
- Bit works towards the theoretical level (generate theory)
- Cgoes back to observation
- Dmoves back around the wheel making more and more theoretical refinements
- Eit goes to step 2 in the wheel of science
- Fit goes back to survey methods
76What are the 4 different modes for operation?
- Acomplete observer
- Bobserver as participant
- Cparticipant as observer
- Dobserver as observer
- Ecomplete participant
77When taking field notes, as much as possible record what you observe as you observe it and/or as close to when you saw it.
- ATrue
- BFalse
78When taking field notes do not
- Arely on your memory
- Bdraw inferences from what you observed
- Crecord what you observe
79Processing data includes
- Arewriting your notes
- Blooking for norms
- Cincluding times and dates
80When analyzing data
- Alook for norms and patterns of behavior
- Bdeviations from the norms and patterns observed
- Creorganize and create multiple files out of your field notes
- Drewrite your notes
81A weakness of field research is generalizability
- ATrue
- BFalse
82A strength of field research is validity of measurement
- ATrue
- BFalse
83The major purpose of Evaluation research
- Ato assess the impact of social interventions
- Bto assess the impact of researchers on subjects
- Cto ensure the equal chance that all might have
84Why is long time series valuable in evaluation research?
- Ait makes us more confident
- Bit makes us more reliable
85what is lacking In a one group pretest- posttest design
- Aa control group
- Ba variable
- Ca dependent variable
86Zeke did an experiment on the impact of test type on exam performance but used different pretest and posttest measures of performance. His design is likely to be affected by which source of internal validity?
- Ainstrumental
- Bdiffusion of imitation of treatments
- Ccasual time order
87Two major ethical issues in experiments
- Adeception and intrusiveness
- Bdeception and miscommunication
- Cmiscommunication and unreliablilty
88Marlin was particularly concerned with applying the results of his laboratory experiment on worker morale to the larger population of workers. He was concerned with
- Ainternal validity
- Bexternal validity
89Experiments are well suited for research projects involving
- Alimited concepts
- Bhypothesis testing
- Cwell defined concepts
- Dhistory
90Solomon four-group design best addressed issues of external invalidity.
- ATrue
- BFalse
91In the simplest experimental designs, subjects are measured in terms of a _______ variable exposed to a _______ variable
- Adependent variable , independent variable
- Bindependent variable, dependent variable
92The possibility that the conclusion drawn from the experiment results may not accurately reflect what has gone on in the experiment itself is
- Aexternal validity
- Binternal validity
93Pre-testing refers to
- Ameasuring subjects on the dependent variable before the introduction of the independent variable
- Bmeasuring subjects on the independent variable before the introduction of the dependent variable
94Which type of sampling is often employed in field research where by each person interviewed may be asked to suggest additional people for interviewing?
- Aquote
- Bsnowball
- Cnonprobability
95Which type of sampling occurs when units are selected on the basis of prespecified characteristics?
- AQuota
- BSnowball
- CProbability
96The quality of the sample that has the same distribution of characteristics as the population from which it was selected is known as representativeness
- ATrue
- BFalse
97Every Kth element in the total list is chosen for inclusion in the sample
- Asystematic sample
- Bprobability sample
- Csampling unit
98The standard distance between elements selected in a systematic sample
- Asample unit
- Bsampling interval
- Csampling frame
99Scorpio wanted to do a study of people in the Army and was particularly concerned that his sample included the same proportions of people at different ranks as there were in the population. Best to use would be
- AStratified sample
- BCluster sample
- CSystematic sample
100Olivia wanted to do a study of parachutists in the U.S. but there is no master list of parachutists. Best to use would be
- AStratified Sample
- BCluster Sample
- CSystematic Sample
101Probability Proportionate to size sampling is best used when
- Ayou want to give smaller clusters a greater chance of being selected
- Byou want to give larger clusters a greater chance of being selected
102There are so few minority students at school that Janet wanted to study, so she decided to study all of them and only a sample of the white students. She was using
- APolitical Polling
- BWeighting
- CAvailable subjects
103Political Polling is the most visible use of survey sampling
- ATrue
- BFalse
104Nate studied environmental awareness groups but had to use a few members to gather data on the groups, In this example, the environmental groups are
- Aelements
- Bavailable subjects
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- Quiz on Untitled, created by hmorse4 on 09/12/2014.
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- hmorse4
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