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Questions in this quiz (144)
1what increases behavior by presenting positive reinforces? strengthens the response
- Apositive reinforcement
- Bnegative reinforcement
2positive reinforcement?
- Aby presenting a pleasurable stimulus after a response.
- Bstrenghtens a response by reducing or removing something negative.
3what increase behavior by stopping or reducing negative stimuli?
- Anegative reinforcement. (not negative)
- Bconditioned response
- Cconditioned stimulus
4what is learned response to a previous neutral stimulus?
- Aconditioned response
- Bconditioned stimulus
- Cunconditional response
- Dunconditional stimulus
5what originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.
- Aconditioned stimulus
- Bconditioned response
- Cunconditional stimulus
- Dunconditional response
6what is an unlearned naturally occurring response?
- Aunconditional response
- Bunconditional stimulus
- Cconditioned response
- Dconditioned stimulus
7What stimulus is that automatically triggers a response to a previous neutral stimulus?
- Aunconditional stimulus
- Bunconditional response
- Cconditioned response
- Dconditioned stimulus
8what is the view that PSY should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes?
- Abehaviorism
- Bclassical conditioning
- Cneutral stimulus
9when one learns to link 2 or more stimuli and anticipate events?
- Aclassical conditioning
- Bneutral stimulus
- Cbehaviorism
10When classical conditioning a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning?
- Aneutral stimulus
- Bclassical conditioning
- Cbehaviorism
11we typically learn to repeat acts that bring rewards and to avoid acts that bring unwanted results?
- Aoperant conditioning
- Bclassical conditioning
12we learned to expect and prepare for significant events such as food or pain?
- Aclassical conditioning
- Boperant conditioning
13When we learn new behaviors by observing events and by watching others?
- Acognitive learning
- Bstimulus
- Cadaptability
14when any event or situation that evokes a response?
- Astimulus
- Bcognitive learning
- Cadaptability
15What study of paranormal phenomena including ESP and psychokinesis?
- Aporapsychology
- Badaptability
- Cstimulus
- Dcognitive learning
16when capacity to learn new behaviors that help us cope with changing circumstances?
- Aadaptability
- Bporapsychology
- Cstimulus
- Dcognitive learning
17body movement vestibular sense receptors?
- Ahairlike receptors in the semi-circular canals and vestibular sacs.
- Bextrasensory perception
18controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy clairvoyance and precognition?
- Aextrasensory perception (ESP)
- Bhairlike receptors in the semi-circular canals and vestibular sacs.
19what is body movement vistibular sense?
- Amovement of fluids in the inner ear caused by head/body movement
- Brods and cones in the retina
- Ckinesthetic sensors all over the body
20vision receptors?
- Arods and cones in the retina
- Bkinesthetic sensors all over the body
- Cmovement of fluids in the inner ear caused by head/body movement
21what is body position kinesthesis receptors?
- Akinesthetic sensors all over the body
- Brods and cones in the retina
- Cmovement of fluids in the inner ear caused by head/body movement
22what principle that one sense may influence another?
- Asensory interaction
- Bembodied cognition
- Ckinethesis
23what psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, gestures and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments?
- Aembodied cognition
- Bsensory interaction
- Ckinethesis
24the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts?
- Akinethesis
- Bvestibular sense
- Csensory interaction
25the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance?
- Avestibular sense
- Bkinethesis
- Csensory interaction
26spinal cord contains a neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain?
- Agate control theory
- Bfrequency theory
- Cplace theory
27what links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochleas membrane is stimulated?
- Aplace theory
- Bfrequency theory
- Cgate control theory
28rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch?
- Afrequency theory
- Bgate control theory
- Cplace theory
29device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrode threaded into the cochlea?
- Acochlea implant
- Bnerve deafness
30when hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea?
- Aconduction hearing loss
- Bnerve deafness
- Ccochlea implant
31when hearing loss caused by damage to the cochleas receptor cells or to the auditory nerves?
- Anerve deafness/sensorineural hearing loss
- Bcochlea implant
- Cconduction hearing loss
32a coiled bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sounds waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve pulses?
- Acochlea
- Bmiddle ear
- Cinner ear
33the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing 3 tiny bones?
- Amiddle ear
- Bcochlea
- Cinner ear
34the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time?
- Afrequency
- Bcochlea
- Cmiddle ear
35innermost part of the ear containing the cochlea semicircular canals and vestibular sacs?
- Ainner ear
- Bmiddle ear
- Ccochlea
36an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent light blink on and off in quick succession?
- Aphi phenomenom
- Bperceptual adaptation
- Ccolor constancy
37in vision the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even innerted visual field?
- Aperceptual adaptation
- Bcolor constancy
- Cphi phenomenon
38perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths of reflected by the object?
- Acolor constancy
- Bperceptual adaptation
- Cphi phenomenon
39depth cues, such as retina disparity that depends on the use of two eyes?
- Abinocular cues
- Bmonocular cues
- Cretinal disparity
40depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective available to either eye alone?
- Amonocular cues
- Bretinal disparity
- Cbinocular cues
41a binocular cue for perceiving depth, by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes the brain computes distance?
- Aretinal disparity
- Bbinocular cues
- Cmonocular cues
42ability to see objects in 3 dimensions?
- Adepth perception
- Bvisual cliff
- Cfigure ground
43laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals?
- Avisual cliff
- Bdepth perception
- Cfigure ground
44the organization of the visual field into objects that should out from their surroundings?
- Afigure ground
- Bdepth perception
- Cvisual cliff
45theory that the retina contains three different color receptors-one most sensitive to red, on to green, one to blue which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color?
- Ayoung helmholtz trichromatic
- Bgestalt
- Copponent process theory
46organized whole, meaningful whole?
- Agestalt
- Bopponent process theory
- Cyoung Helmholtz trichromatic
47opposing retinal process enable color vision?
- Aopponent process theory
- Bgestalt
- Cyoung Helmholtz trichromatic
48the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously, the brains natural mode of info processing fro many functions including vision?
- Aparallel processing
- Bfeature detectors
- Cblind spot
49nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape angle or movement?
- Afeature detectors
- Bblind spot
- Cparallel processing
50the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there?
- Ablind spot
- Bparallel processing
- Cfeature detectors
51retinal receptors that detect black white and gray needed for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond?
- Arods
- Baccommodations
- Ccones
52the process by which the eyes lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina?
- Aaccommodations
- Bcones
- Crods
53retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions?
- Acones
- Brods
- Caccommodations
54when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus?
- Aextinction
- Bhigher order conditioning
- Cacquisition
55a procedure in which the unconditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus creating a second often weaker conditioned stimulus?
- Ahigher order conditioning
- Bacquisition
- Cextinction
56initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response?
- Aacquisition
- Bextinction
- Chigher order conditioning
57reappearance after a pause of an extinguished conditioned response?
- Aspontaneous recovery
- Bgeneralization
- Cdiscrimination
58tendency once a response has been conditioned for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar response?
- Ageneralization
- Bdiscrimination
- Cspontaneous recovery
59ability to distinguished between a conditioned stimulus and a unconditioned stimulus?
- Adiscrimination
- Bspontaneous recovery
- Cgeneralization
60thorndikes principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely and viceversa?
- Alaw of effect
- Boperant conditioning
- Coperant chamber
61learning behavior which ceases if punished or continuous if rewarded?
- Aoperant conditioning
- Boperant chamber
- Claw of effect
62chamber also know as skinner box, containing a bar or key an animal can control to obtain food or water?
- Aoperant chamber
- Blaw of effect
- Coperant conditioning
63the activation, often unconsciousness of certain associations, thus predisposing ones perception memory, or response?
- Apriming
- Bsignal detection theory
- Cdifference threshold
64faint stimulus detected, no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a persons experience, expectations, motivation and alertness?
- Asignal detection theory
- Bdifference threshold
- Cpriming
65the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time? we experience the threshold as a just noticeable difference?
- Adifference threshold
- Bpriming
- Csignal detection theory
66principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage?
- Awebers law
- Bsensory adaptation
- Cperceptual set
67diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation?
- Asensory adaptation
- Bperceptual set
- Cwebers law
68a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another?
- Aperceptual set
- Bsensory adaptation
- Cwebers law
69the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green and so forth?
- Ahue
- Bwavelengths
- Cintensity
70distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next. Electromagnetic wavelengths vary from the short slips of cosmic rays to the long pulses of radio transmission.
- Awavelengths
- Bintensity
- Chue
71the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness of loudness as determined by waves amplitute?
- Aintensity
- Bhue
- Cwavelengths
72ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening?
- Airsis
- Boptic nerve
- Cfovea
73the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain?
- Aoptic nerve
- Bfovea
- Ciris
74the central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster?
- Afovea
- Boptic nerve
- Ciris
75an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need?
- Aprimary reinforcer
- Blens
- Cretina
76transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina?
- Alens
- Bretina
- Cprimary reinforcer
77the light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus lays of neurons that begin the processing of visual information?
- Aretina
- Bprimary reinforcer
- Clens
78momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; can be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds?
- Aechoic memory
- Bconditioned reinforcer
- Creinforcement schedule
79stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer, also known as a secondary reinforcer?
- Aconditioned reinforcer
- Breinforcement schedule
- Cechoic memory
80a pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced?
- Areinforcement schedule
- Bechoic memory
- Cconditioned reinforcer
81a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specific number of response?
- Afixed ratio schedule
- Bcontinuos reinforcement
- Cpartial (intermittent) reinforcement
82reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs?
- Acontinuous reinforcement
- Bpartial reinforcement
- Cfixed ratio schedule
83reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement?
- Apartial (intermittent) reinforcement
- Bfixed ratio schedule
- Ccontinuous reinforcement
84retention independent of conscious recollection?
- Aimplicit/nondeclarative memory
- Bexplicit/declarative memory
- Cworking memory
85memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare?
- Aexplicit/declarative memory
- Bwoking memory
- Cimplicit/nondeclarative memory
86a newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial information and information retrieved from long term memory?
- Awoking memory
- Bimplicit/nondeclarative memory
- Cexplicit/declarative memory
87a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses?
- Avariable ratio schedule
- Bfixed interval schedule
- Cvariable interval schedule
88a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed?
- Afixed interval schedule
- Bvariable interval schedule
- Cvariable ration schedule
89a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals?
- Avariable interval schedule
- Bvariable ratio schedule
- Cfixed interval schedule
90behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus?
- Arespondent behavior
- Boperant behavior
- Clatent learning
91behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences?
- Aoperant behavior
- Blatent learning
- Crespondent behavior
92learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it?
- Alatent learning
- Brespondent behavior
- Coperant behavior
93desired to perform a behavior to receive promised reward or avoid threatened punishment?
- Aprosocial behavior
- Biconic memory
- Cextrinsic motivation
94a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; photographic memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second?
- Aiconic memory
- Bprosocial
- Cextrinsic motivation
95positive constructive helpful behavior? opposite of antisocial behavior.
- Aprosocial behavior
- Bextrinsic motivation
- Ciconic memory
96process of getting information out of memory storage?
- Aretrivial
- Bsensory memory
- Crelearning
97the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system?
- Asensory memory
- Brelearning
- Cretrivial
98a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again?
- Arelearning
- Bretrieval
- Csensory memory
99a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in -the blank test?
- Arecall
- Bspacing effect
- Cperception
100tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study for practice?
- Aspacing effect
- Bperception
- Crecall
101process of organizing and interpreting sensory information?
- Aperception
- Brecall
- Cspacing effect
102encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words?
- Ashallow processing
- Bdeep processing
- Chippocampus
103encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words?
- Adeep processing
- Bhippocampus
- Cshallow processing
104a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage?
- Ahippocampus
- Bshallow processing
- Cdeep processing
105conscious memory of first 3 years is blank?
- Ainfatible amnesia
- Bserial positon effect
- Cpriming
106our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list?
- Aserial positon effect
- Bpriming
- Cinfantile amnesia
107the activation, often unconsciously of particular associations in memory?
- Apriming
- Binfantile amnesia
- Cserial position effect
108previous experience and expectations affect the detection and analysis of information from the senses. Explains visual illusions
- Atop down processing
- Bbottom up processing
- Cmisinformation effect
109sensory receptors relay information to the brain, brain interprets this information
- Abottom up processing
- Bmisinformation effect
- Ctop down processing
110incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event?
- Amisinformation
- Btop down processing
- Cbottom up processing
111disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information?
- Aretroactive interference
- Bproactive interference
- Crepression
112the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information?
- Aproactive interference
- Brepression
- Cretroactive interference
113psychoanalysis theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feeling and memories?
- Arepression
- Bretroactive interference
- Cproactive interference
114enhanced memory after retrieving rather than simply reading information?
- Atesting effect/retrieval practice effect/test enhanced learning
- B(LTP) long term potentiation
- Csensation
115an increase in a cells firing potential after brief rapid stimulation?
- A(LTP) long term potentiation
- Bsensation
- Ctesting effect
116sensory and nervous system receiving and representing stimulus energies from our environment?
- Asensation
- Btesting effect
- C(LTP) long term potentiation
117operant conditioning basic idea and response?
- Aorganisms associate behavior and resulting events; voluntary operates on environment
- Borganisms associate events; involuntary/automatic
- Csource amnesia/misattribution
118classical conditioning basic idea and response?
- Aorganisms associate events; involuntary/automatic
- Bsource amnesia/misattribution
- Corganisms associate behavior and resulting events; voluntary operates on environment
119attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read or imagined?
- Asource amnesia/misattribution
- Borganisms associate behavior and resulting events; voluntary operates on environment
120process of observing and imitating a specific behavior?
- Amodeling
- Bmirror neurons
- Cencoding
- Dstorage
121frontal lobes neurons that some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so?
- Amirror neurons
- Bmodeling
- Cencoding
- Dstorage
122the processing of information into the memory system?
- Aencoding
- Bstorage
- Cmodeling
- Dmirror neurons
123the retention of encoded information over time?
- Astorage
- Bencoding
- Cmodeling
- Dmirror neurons
124organizing items into manageable units?
- Achunking
- Bmnemonics
- Cflashbulb memory
- Daplysia
125memory aids, use vivid imagery and organizational devices?
- Amnemonics
- Bchunking
- Cflashbulb
- Daplysia
126a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event?
- Aflashbulb memory
- Baplysia
- Cchunking
- Dmnemonics
127california sea slug with a mere 20,000 nerve cells?
- Aaplysia
- Bflashbulb memory
- Cchunking
- Dmnemonics
128an inability to form new memories?
- Aanterograde amnesia
- Bretrogade amnesia
- Ctransduction
- Dpsychophysics
129an inability to retrieve information from ones past?
- Aretrogade amnesia
- Banterograde amnesia
- Ctransduction
- Dpsychophysics
130conversion of one form of energy into another?
- Atransduction
- Bpsychophysics
- Canterograde amnesia
- Dretrogade amnesia
131study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli?
- Apsychophysics
- Btransduction
- Canterograde amnesia
- Dretrogade amnesia
132minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time?
- Aabsolute threshold
- Bsubliminal
- Cyes
- Dmyth
133below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness? less than 50%
- Asubliminal
- Babsolute threshold
- Cyes
- Dmyth
134can all 5 tastes be sensed all over tongue?
- Ayes
- Bmyth
- Cabsolute threshold
- Dsubliminal
135what are the tongue maps?
- Amyth
- Byes
- Csubliminal
- Dabsolute threshold
136number of human taste buds?
- A5,000 to 10,000
- B50 to 100 each
- Cevery so many
- Devery so often
137number os taste buds receptor cells?
- A50 to 100 each
- B5,000 to 10,000
- Cevery so often
- Devery so many
138what is the ratio?
- Aevery so many
- Bevery so often
- C5,000 to 10,000
- D50 to 100 each
139what is the interval?
- Aevery so often
- Bevery so many
- C50 to 100 each
- D5,000 to 10,000
140a mental representation of the layout of ones enviornment?
- Acognitive map
- B intrinsic motivation
- CA-delta fibers
- Dnociceptors
- EC fibers
141a desired to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake?
- Aintrinsic motivation
- Bcognitive map
- CC fibers
- DA delta fibers
- Enociceptors
142transmit longer lasting, duller pain?
- AC fibers
- BA delta fibers
- Cnociceptors
- Dcognitive map
- Eintrinsic motivation
143fast acting transmit sharp pain?
- AA delta fibers
- BC fibers
- Cnociceptors
- Dcognitive map
- Eintrinsic motivation
144pain receptors?
- Anociceptors
- BA delta fibers
- CC fibers
- Dcognitive map
- Eintrinsic motivation
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