Infrared Spectroscopy: Regions, Vibrations and Bond Length

1. 1- [blank_start]Infrared spectroscopy[blank_end] is particularly useful for studying the vibration
   of bonds between carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms that
   predominate in organic compounds.
   

   1. AInfrared spectroscopy
2. 2Near-IR, approximately [blank_start]14000[blank_end]-[blank_start]4000[blank_end] cm-1 can excite [blank_start]overtone[blank_end] or
   [blank_start]harmonic[blank_end] vibrations
   • Mid-IR, approximately [blank_start]4000[blank_end]-[blank_start]400[blank_end] cm-1 may be used to study the
   [blank_start]fundamental[blank_end] vibrations and associated [blank_start]rotational[blank_end]-vibrational
   structure
   • Far-IR, approximately [blank_start]400[blank_end]-[blank_start]10[blank_end] cm-1 lying adjacent to the
   [blank_start]microwave[blank_end] region, has [blank_start]low[blank_end] energy and may be used for [blank_start]rotational[blank_end]
   spectroscopy

   1. A14000
   2. B4000
   3. Covertone
   4. Dharmonic
   5. E4000
   6. F400
   7. Gfundamental
   8. Hrotational
   9. I400
   10. J10
   11. Kmicrowave
   12. Llow
   13. Mrotational
3. 3vibrations can be divided into [blank_start]stretching[blank_end] and [blank_start]bending[blank_end]: vibrations
   can involve either a change in bond length ([blank_start]stretching[blank_end]) or bond angle
   ([blank_start]bending[blank_end]); some bonds can stretch in-phase ([blank_start]symmetrical stretching[blank_end])
   or out-of-phase ([blank_start]asymmetric stretching[blank_end]).

   1. Astretching
   2. Bbending
   3. Cstretching
   4. Dbending
   5. Esymmetrical stretching
   6. Fasymmetric stretching
4. 4- [blank_start]Bond length[blank_end] is a measure of the distance between the nuclei of
   two chemically bonded atoms in a molecule. It is approximately
   equal to the sum of the [blank_start]covalent radii[blank_end] of the two bonded atoms.
   - [blank_start]Bond angle[blank_end] can be defined as the angle formed between two
   covalent bonds that originate from the same atom

   1. ABond length
   2. BBond angle
   3. Ccovalent radii

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Quiz on Untitled, created by Manar Sherbeny on 21/06/2021.

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Manar Sherbeny

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