Quiz
Physiology Cycle 1 - BLOOD
Questions in this quiz (100)
1Which of following statements properly describes beta-adrenergic (β-adrenergic) receptors?
- Aβ-adrenergic receptor is a ligand-gated channels.
- BActivity of some adrenergic receptors brings fEPSP to the postsynaptic membranes.
- CBeta-adrenergic receptors initiate transduction resulting with activation of adenylate cyclase.
- DActivation of beta-adrenergic receptors up-regulates synthesis of cAMP.
2
Which of following expressions about MHC class I complexes are true?- AThey are present in almost all cells, except for erythrocytes.
- BThey are present only on antigen presenting cell.
- CTheir role is to present proteins and activate helper T-lymphocytes
- DIt plays role in defense against intracellular pathogens.
3Put following cations of the extracellular fluid (ECF) in proper order. Begin from the most concentrated:
- ASodium-calcium-potassium-magnesium
- BMagnesium-sodium - calcium
- CPotassium-sodium-calcium-magnesium
- DSodium-potassium-calcium-magnesium
4In Rhesus system of blood:
- AD antigen the oligosaccharide bound to the cellular membrane.
- BD antigen is the most immunogenic (the strongest) component of the system.
- CAll antigens of the Rhesus system are proteins located only on membranes of erythrocytes.
- DAgglutinins are synthesized in RhD-negative individuals after exposure to RhD-postive
blood.
5Action of glucocorticoids (cortisol) are:
- ARise of liberation of histamine from mast cel
- BRise of gluconeogenesis.
- CRise of plasma concentration free fatty acids.
- DIntensification of catecholamine-dependant bronchodilation.
6Which of following statements concerning thromboxane A2 (TxA2) are true?
- AIt activates fibrinolysis.
- BTxA2 activates platelets – it intensifies their degranulation (release of the content of
granules). - CIt mediates vascular contraction.
- DIt prevents aggregation of platelets.
7Which of following statements properly describe characteristics of facilitated diffusion?
- AIn facilitated diffusion, membrane carriers enable movement of molecules through the cellular membrane against concentration gradient.
- BParticular membrane carrier is able to transfer one particular type of molecules soluble in water
- CFacilitated diffusion characterizes with finite rate of transfer of substance defined as
maximum saturation. - DWater molecules pass from the cell of the collecting duct to its lumen through the system of facilitated diffusion called AQP2
8Which of following results of blood tests may suggest improperly low activity/ concentration of thrombin?
- AProlonged time of the clotting time test.
- BProlonged prothrombin time.
- CProlonged time of bleeding time test.
- DProlonged time of Rumpel-Leede test.
9Which of following statement concerning active transport are true?
- ANa/K ATP-ase exchanges 2 sodium ions for 1 potassium ion. Each such exchange requires two ATP molecules.
- BCo-transportation of glucose and sodium ions requires previous action of Na/K ATP-ase. Such the mechanism is an example of secondary active transport.
- CCalcium ions are actively pumped into cellular cytosol by the calcium ATP-ase. This
mechanism maintains higher concentration of calcium in cellular cytosol than in ECF. - DActive transport mechanisms are able to move substances against concentration gradient.
10Find right sentences concerning transportation of CO2 in blood:
- A5-7 % of all the CO2 is transported physically dissolved in blood.
- B50 % of CO2 is converted to bicarbonate. Process is catalyzed angiotensin converting enzyme.
- CAll the bicarbonate produced in erythrocytes and exchanged for chloride. It’s called
Hamburger’s phenomenon. - DPart of CO2 is reversibly bound to hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin
11Which of following sentences are true?
- AImmunoglobulins against antigen D of Rhesus system develop in childhood.
- BImmediately after birth, the quantity of agglutinins in the plasma of the newborn is almost zero.
- CImmunoglobulins against antigens ABO blood type system are produced by the fetus before their birth.
- DAgglutinins in ABO system are produced in effect of immunization against antigens A and B commonly present in environment.
12Which of following receptors are ionotropic receptor for cations?
- AIP3 receptor.
- BRyanodine receptor.
- CGlycine receptors.
- DGABAA receptors.
- ENicotinic receptors.
13Which of following events don’t match the signal transduction of the G protein coupled receptor.
- AAutophosphorylation of tyrosine residues of β-subunit of the receptor. β-subunit
phosphorylates other proteins. - BSubunits of G protein interact with their appropriate enzymes, activating various second messenger pathways and other effector proteins.
- CReceptor interacts with G protein to promote a conformational change and the exchange of GDP for GTP.
- DBinding of the ligand to its native receptor, receptor activates.
- AAutophosphorylation of tyrosine residues of β-subunit of the receptor. β-subunit
14Which of following statements properly describe agglutination:
- AAdministration of aspirin slows the process of agglutination
- BAgglutination is in vitro phenomenon resulting from an interaction between the agglutinogen and agglutinin
- CGamma globulins of IgM class easily agglutinate erythrocytes in room temperature.
- DAgglutination is slowed by albumin molecules
15Actions of heparin are:
- AIt inhibits activity of plasma coagulation factors I and IV.
- BIt activates natural anticoagulant protein of plasma – antithrombin III.
- CIt inhibits activity of activated Stuart factor and thrombin (factors X and II).
- DIt intensifies adhesion and degranulation of platelets.
- EIt intensifies proteolytic degradation of plasminogen.
16Which of following statements properly concern eosinophils?
- AThey migrate in large number into tissues infected by parasites where they release hydrolytic enzymes.
- BThey release heparin, histamine as well as small quantities of bradykinin and serotonin.
- CThey belong to the adaptive immune system. They are not able to phagocyte.
- DThey aggregate in tissues where allergic reactions occur (peribronchial tissue in people with asthma).
- EThey exhibit chemotaxis.
17Hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the left due to:
- ADecline of the concentration 2,3 BPG.
- BRise of pCO¬2
- CAnemia.
- DHigh body temperature
- ERise of pH.
18 Muraminidase:
- AIt is a part of innate immune response.
- BIt activates complement cascade.
- CIt is an enzyme that performs bacterial lysis.
- DIt is present in plasmocytes.
19Oxytocin:
- AIt produces contraction of cells of the deferent duct.
- BIt up-regulates synthesis IP3 in smooth muscle cells of the uterus.
- CIt is responsible for milk ejection due to contraction of myoepithelial cells.
- DIt has galactopoetic activity – it stimulates production of milk
20Which of following statements concerning coagulation are proper:
- AThrombin dependant. factor are factors l, ll, X & Xll
- BThrombin is a proteolytic enzyme catalyzing conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin.
- CVitamin K is necessary in process of post-translatory modification of prothrombin in liver
- DExposition of thrombin to fibrin degradation products accelerate coagulation.
21Hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the left due to:
- ADecline of the temperature.
- BRise of 2,3 BPG.
- CImpulses from carotid bodies.
- DRise of pH.
- EHypercapnia (rise of pCO2).
22Actions of heparin are:
- AIt inhibits activity of plasma coagulation factors I and IV.
- BIt activates natural anticoagulant protein of plasma antithrombin III.
- CIt inhibits activity of activated Stuart factor and thrombin (factors X and II)
- DIt intensifies adhesion and degranulation of platelets.
23Find true statements concerning vasopressin:
- AIt increase water reabsorption from the collecting duct via AQP2 up-regulated after hormone -binds to VP1 receptor.
- BIn smooth musculature of vessels, it up-regulates synthesis of IP3 in smooth muscle cells, eliciting contraction.
- CIts plasma level rises in effect of decreasing osmotic pressure of blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
- DDecompression of baroreceptors of the carotid sinus and aortic arch increases liberation of that hormone.
- EActivates Thirst complex
24Which of following statements properly describe characteristics of facilitated diffusion?
- AIn facilitated diffusion, membrane carriers enable movement of molecules through the cellular membrane against concentration gradient.
- BParticular membrane carrier is able to transfer one particular type of molecules soluble in water.
- CWater molecules pass from the cell of the collecting duct to its lumen through the system of facilitated diffusion called AQP2.
- DFacilitated diffusion characterizes with finite rate of transfer of substance defined as maximum saturation.
25Lactoferrin:
- AIt is a part of innate immune response.
- BIt activates complement cascade.
- CIt is an enzyme of saliva binding iron necessary for proliferation of microbs.
- DIt is an enzyme of saliva reducing Fe2+ to Fe3+.
26Which of following receptors are intracellular ionotropic receptor for cations?
- AIP3 receptor.
- BNicotinic receptors.
- CRyanodine receptor.
- DGlycine receptors.
27Action of glucocorticoids (cortisol) are:
- AIt up-regulates liberation of histamine from mast cells.
- BIt intensifies gluconeogenesis in liver.
- CIt down-regulates number of lymphocytes and eosinophils.
- DIt intensifies catecholamine-dependent broncho-constriction.
- EIt increases GFR.
- FAction of glucocorticoids (cortisol) are rise of plasma conc. of free fatty acids
28Put following cations of the extracellular fluid (ECF) in proper order. Begin from the least concentrated:
- ASodium-potassium-calcium- magnesium
- BMagnesium-calcium-potassium-sodium
- CPotassium-sodium-calcium- magnesium
- DSodium- calcium - potassium - magnesium
29Which of following sentences are true?
- ARatio of agglutinins of ABO in plasma of blood rises throughout childhood.
- BAgglutinins in ABO system are produced in effect of immunization against antigens A and B, being simple and common antigens.
- CImmunoglobulins against antigens ABO blood type system are produced by the fetus before their birth.
- DImmunoglobulins against antigen D of Rhesus system develop in childhood.
- EAgglutinins are present in adult blood plasma
30 Which of following statements concern G-protein coupled receptors?
- AG-protein coupled receptors hydrolyses GTP, transferred from G-protein to the binding site of the receptor.
- BMuscarinic receptor is an example of G-protein coupled receptor.
- CAll adrenergic receptors belong to family of G-protein coupled receptors.
- DG-protein coupled receptors are metabotropic, they initiate formation of second messengers: cAMP or IP3.
31Which of following statements properly describe agglutination:
- AAdministration of heparin slows the process of agglutination.
- BAgglutination is in vitro phenomenon, in vivo process continues, engaging mechanism of destruction of erythrocytes
- CAdministration of isotonic solution of NaCl can facilitate IgG-dependent agglutination of
erythrocytes - DGamma globulins of IgG class easily agglutinate erythrocytes in room temperature.
32Which of following results of blood tests may suggest improperly low activity/ concentration of thrombin?
- AProlonged time in the clotting time test.
- BProlonged prothrombin time.
- CProlonged time of bleeding time test.
- DProlonged time of Rumpel-Leede test.
- EProlongerd APTT
33Which of following statements concerning thromboxane A2 (TxA2) are true?
- AIt activates fibrinolysis.
- BTxA2 activates platelets & it intensifies their degranulation (release of the content of granules).
- CIt prevents aggregation of platelets.
- DIt mediates vascular contraction.
34Which of following statement concerning active transport are true?
- ANa/K ATP-ase exchanges 2 sodium ions for 1 potassium ion. Each such exchange requires two ATP molecules.
- BCo-transportation of glucose and sodium ions requires previous action of Na/K ATP-ase. Such the mechanism is an example of secondary active transport.
- CCalcium ions are actively pumped into cellular cytosol by the calcium ATP-ase. This mechanism maintains higher concentration of calcium in cellular cytosol than in ECF.
- DActive transport mechanisms are able to move substances against concentration gradient.
35Which of following statements properly describe metabotropic receptors (MR)?
- AGABAb receptor is an example of metabotropic receptor
- BTyrosine kinase receptors are metabotropic receptor able to autophosphorylates after binding their ligands
- CSome adrenergic receptors are tyrosine kinase receptors
- DMuscarinic receptors are coupled to phospholipase C & adenylyl cyclase
36Which of the following statements properly concern G proteins?
- ABinding of insulin to G protein of the insulin receptor initiates process of activation of adenylyl cyclase
- BExtracellular ligands bind to G-protein coupled receptors which in turn activate particular G protein
- CInhibitory G protein (Gi protein) is coupled to carbonic anhydrase of some cells
- DThe G-protein activates a cascade of signaling events that finally results in a change in cell function
37Which of the following receptors are ionotropic?
- ARyanodine receptor
- BRhodopsin receptor
- CPTH receptor
- DNicotine receptor
- EIP3 receptor
38Which of the following statements properly describe hormones produced by anterior pituitary gland(APG)?
- ADopamine decreases liberation of from APG in mechanism of negative feedback
- BLiberation of corticoliberin (CRH) from APG is stimulated by corticotropin (ACTH)
- CTSH is liberated from APG. TSH binds its metatropic receptor of the membrane of the thyroid cell
- DGnRH (gonadoliberin) from hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary cells to secrete FSH and LH
- EProlactin is produced by supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus and liberated by the anterior pituitary
39Actions of angiotensin II are:
- Ait mediates vasoconstriction
- BIt stimulates secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex
- CIt decreases reabsorption of sodium ions in kidneys
- DIt increases heart rate
- EIt is a product of partial proteolysis of plasma protein angiotensinogen, process initiated by renin.
40Oxytocin
- AIt binds to the ligand-gated sodium channel of smooth muscle cells of the uterus
- BIt is responsible for milk ejection due to contraction of myoepithelial cells
- CIt has galactopoietic activity -it stimulates production of milk
- DIt produses contraction of the cells in the deferent duct
- EIt up-regulates synth of IP3 in SMC of the uterus
- FIt produces contraction of the uterus
41Phenomena causing increased liberation of renin are:
- AReduced volume of ECF and hypoperfusion of the kidney
- BIncreased arterial pressure
- CDecreased load of distal tubular fluid (NaCl) in area of the macula densa (of the distal tubule
- DIncreased volume of ECF (hypervolemina)
42Channels embedded in cellular membrane can be gated by:
- AExtracellular ligand such as glycine
- BChange of the electrical potential of the cellular membrane
- CMechanical deformation of the cell (ex. Organ of corti)
- DSecond messenger such as IP3
43Which of following statements properly concern metabolism of calcium ion?
- APTH increases conc. of Ca2+ in plasma blood.
- BPTH up-regulates mobilisation of Ca2+ ions from bones.
- CPTH increases activity of la-hydroxylase of 25OH D3 in kidneys
- DThyroid hormones decrease plasma concentration of calcium
44Which of following statements properly concern metabolism of calcium ion?
- AGrowth hormone exerts hypercalcemic effect
- BPTH decreases activity of 1alpha-hydroxylase of vitamin 25-OHD3 in kidney
- CCalcitonin & glucocorticoids decrease plasma level of Ca2+
- DTetany is a symptom of hypercalcemia
45Tetany:
- AIs a symptom of neuromuscular hyperexcitability
- BCan be produced by respiratory alkalosis (by hyperventilation)
- CIs caused by Low phosphate levels
- DTetany can be prod by low plasma levels of Mg2+
46Which of following will NOT haemolyse erythrocytes?
- A5% solution of glucose
- B0.3 % NaCl
- CDistilled water
- D0,6% saline
- EBenzene, ether & other organic solvents hemolyse RBC’s
- FTemp. above 60C
47Which of following will facilitate detachment of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin?
- ARise of pH
- BRise pO2
- CRise in body temp
- DRise in pCO2
48What's true about EPO?
- AEPO is produced by interstitial cells in peritubular capillary bed of kidneys
- BAdenosine and androgens inhibit secretion of EPO
- CHypoxia (low partial pressure of O2) in kidney is the main stimulus for EPO release
- DEPO increases the number of erythropoietin sensitive committed stem cells in the bone marrow that are converted by red blood cell precursors
49EPO;
- AIs a cholesterol
- BIs a glycoprotein
- CSynthesised in the liver
- DSynthesised in the kidneys
50Find right sentences concerning transportation of CO2 in blood:
- A10% of CO2 is converted to bicarbonate. Conversion is spontaneous and performed in plasma of blood
- B5-7% of all the CO2 is transported physically dissolved in blood
- CPart of CO2 is reversibly bound to hemoglobin, forming carbaminohemoglobin
- Dcarbaminohemoglobin is an example of reduced hemoglobin of red-brown colour
- ECO2 can be found as carbaminians & carbanomoHb in the blood
- FMost of CO2 is converted to HCO3- by carbonic anhydrase of RBC
51Which of following statements properly concern eosinophils?
- AThey migrate in large number into tissues infected by parasites where they release hydrolytic enzymes
- BThey aggregate in tissues when allergic reactions occur, (peribronchial tissue in people with asthma)
- CThey release heparin, histamine as well as small quantities of bradykinin and serotonin
- DThey exhibit chemotaxis
52Which of following statements properly concern agglutination?
- AAdministration of heparin slows the process agglutination
- BAgglutination is in vitro phenomenon resulting from an interaction between the agglutinogen and agglutinin
- CAgglutination results from an interaction between the platelet’s GP IIb/IIIa and vascular collagen
- DGamma globulins of IgM class are able to produce immediate agglutination in room temperature
53What is correct about AB blood type?
- ABlood type AB individuals have enzyme transferase that catalyses placement of N-acetylgalactosamine onto H-Ag.
- BBlood type AB individuals have enzyme transferase that catalyses placement of D-galactose onto H-Ag.
- CAB is the most common blood type
- DBlood type AB individuals have enzyme transferase that catalyses placement of fucose forming H-Ag.
- EAB has no antigens
54What is true about Agglutination?
- AAgglutination of Anti-D Antibody gives Rhesus -
- BAgglutination by anti-A Antibody, but not Anti-B Antibody gives the blood type A
- CNo agglutination of Anti-D ab, gives Rhesus -
- DAgglutinins of A-B-O are produced in adulthood
- EAll Ag of the rhesus system are proteins located on membranes of RBC’s.
55What is true about blood type?
- AAgglutination of both Anti-B & Anti-A ab, give blood type AB
- BNo Agglutination of either Anti-A or Anti-B Ab give blood type O
- CThere are 4 blood types
- DAg are proteins located only on membranes of RBC
56Hemolysis;
- A5% solution of glucose is isotonic will hemolyse RBC
- BIgG against D-Ag administered to RhD-neg mother after delivery of RhD-pos child, will not hemolyse maternal RBC’s
- CHemolysis by hypotonic saline solutions start at 0,45%
- DHypertonic solutions hemolyse RBC's
57Turk's solution;
- Asolution stains RBC
- Bsolution shrinks RBC
- Cused in hemocytermeter dilutes blood
- Dhemolyse RBC's
- Estains organelles of WBC
58Hayem's solution;
- Asolution stains RBC
- Bsolution shrinks RBC
- Csolution dilute blood
- Dstains organelles of WBC
- EHemolyse RBC's
59Complement;
- APresenting on the water soluble antigen
- BComplement have chemotaxis of macrophages & neutrophils
- CComplements promotes agglutination of invading microbes
- DComplement have opsonising abilities
- Edegranulation of the eosinophils and monocytes
60What is correct about diffusion?
- AParticular membrane carrier is able to transfer one particular type of molecules soluble in water.
- BFacilitated diffusion characterises with infinite rate of transfer of substance defined as maximum saturation.
- CSimple diffusion - its rate is directly proportionate to the surface area & directly proportionate to the molecular size & thickness of the membrane
- DSecondary active transport uses potential energy in conc. gradient of some ions created by energy liberated from ATP, such as Na+
- ESimple diffusion depends on molecules ability to dissolve in lipids
- FSecondary active transport can transfer co-transported molecules even against conc. gradient.
61What is correct about blood?
- ASphingosine 1-phosphate (SIP) derived from RBC membrane is a chemoattractant for HSC from bone marrow.
- BHigh % of RDW indicates anisocytosis of RBC
- CD-Ag is the most Ag (strongest) component of the Rh system
- DESR decreases with conc of plasma globulins
62Water;
- AICF is 20% of TBW
- BTBW is 60% of body mass
- CICF main cation is K+
- DECF main cation is Mg2+
63Functions of ionised Ca2+
- Amaintenance of proper function of neurons & myocytes
- Bmaintenance of function of cell-memb. (Transport)
- CIncrease blood volume
- DFactor 4 in blood coagulation
64B-cells;
- AB-cells mediate humeral immunity
- BB-cells mediate cellular immunity
- CB-cells work in effect of antigenic stimulation, they form plasma cells which secrete immunoglobulins
- DB-cells have MHC-2 present on their membranes
65IgG;
- AIgG is a memory immunoglobulin
- BIgG binds C1 complex of complement to Ag-IgG complex, initiating classical pathway
- CIgG has only 2 Ag-binding sites
- DIgG can be found in tears & saliva
66Correct sequence of phagocytosis/inflammatory response;
1. Rolling
2. Chemotaxis
3. Diapedesis
4. Adhesion- A1, 3, 2, 4,
- B2, 4, 3, 1
- C1, 4, 3, 2
- D3, 4, 2, 1
67What is INCORRECT about blood
- APart of CO2 is reversibly bound to Hb, forming carbamino-Hb
- BAg’s are found in various tissues in addition to blood
- CBlood type A has a N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase catalysing its attachment to H-Ag
- DRBC have MHC-1
68Identify right statements concerning the Bleeding time test
- AIts duration is inversely proportional to the number of platelets
- Bit does not depend on concentration and activity of plasma factors of secondary hemostasis
- Cit is prolonged in people treated with heparin
- Dit tests processes of intrinsic pathway of coagulation
69Analyze ABO system of a couple: a woman (blood type A) has a father whose blood type is O, and is married to a man whose blood type is B (his mother type is A). What is their child probability of blood type A:
- A75%
- B0%
- C50%
- D25%
70Which of the following statements properly concern muscarinic receptors?
- AAll muscarinic receptors are serpentine G-coupled receptors.
- BSome of them are ligand-gated ionic channels.
- CMuscarinic receptors modify activity of adenylyl cyclase of phospholipase C.
- DAcetylcholine is an antagonist of all muscarinic receptors.
71Find proper sequence of events in signal transduction of the G-Protein coupled receptor;
1. Binding of the ligand to its native receptor, receptor activates
2. Receptor interacts with G-protein to promote a conformational change and the exchange of GDP to GTP
3. Subunits of G-Protein interact with their appropriate enzymes, activating various second messenger pathways and other effector proteins.
4. Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues of beta-subunit of the receptor, beta-subunit
5. ) G-Protein dissociates from the receptor, Subunits of G protein dissociate
- A1, 2, 3, 4, 5
- B2, 3, 5, 4, 1
- C1, 2, 5, 3, 4
- D4, 5, 1, 3, 2
72Which of following statements properly concern gating of channels of a cellular membrane:
- AGlycine receptor is an example of chemically-gated channel for Cl- ion
- BSmooth muscle cells can contract being mechanically stretched. Mediated by stretch-gated channels.
- CAction potential of excitable cells is usually provoked by outflow of anions through ligand-gated channels
- DAction potential of excitable cells in usually evoked by entrance of cations through electrically gated channels. (Na+ & K+)
73Which of the following statements concerning water are true:
- ASpecific Heat of water is low. Because of this reason water is excellent heat conductor
- BWater is an excellent solvent because of its polar molecule
- CWater easily passes across cellular membrane via non-gated channels for cations
- DAdipose tissue is least hydrated tissue
74Find right sentences concerning erythrocyte sedimentation rate;
- Ait is a ratio of volume of all erythrocyte to volume of whole blood
- BIt is proportionate to packed cell volume (PCV, Hematocrit)
- CProportionate to plasma concentration of globulin
- DIt should not exceed 15mm/h in healthy adults. Is higher in infectious diseases & cancers
75IgM
- AIt can easily produce agglutination of erythrocytes in room temperature
- BIt can cross blood placenta barrier
- CHas 10 binding-sites
- Dit’s a secretory immunoglobulin
76Which of the following statements are true and concern cholinergic receptors:
- AAll muscarinic receptors are g-protein coupled receptors.
- BSome of them are ionotropic receptors of postsynaptic membrane of autonomic ganglia (+ CSN)
- CActivation of muscarinic receptors increases activity of adenylyl cyclase
- DSome of cholinergic receptors are tyrosine kinase
- EOnly 2 types; N-cholinergic & Muscarinic
77Which of the following receptors are metabotropic:
- APTH receptor
- BIP3 receptor
- CIGF receptor
- DAdrenergic receptor (Epinephrine)
78Which of the following statements properly describes nicotinic receptor:
- Ait is a ligand-gated sodium channel
- BActivity of this receptor brings IPSP to postsynaptic membrane of neuromuscular junction
- Cchannel for small cations and anions. blocked by nicotine
- D2 molecules of a natural agonist are bound to alpha-subunits of receptor
79Young adult non-obese female 50 kg was injected intravenously with 1200 mg inulin. Laboratory analysis revealed that plasma C of inulin is 120mg/L. Proper conclusion is:
- AVolume of plasma is improper and equals 10 liters, possible reason is overhydration or hypervolemia
- BVolume of plasma is proper and equals 3.2-3,5 liters. Water homeostasis is maintained
- CVolume of extracellular fluid is proper and equals 10 liters. Water homeostasis is maintained
- DVolume of extracellular is improper and equals 10 liters. The possible reason is dehydration
80Identify right statement concerning erythrocytes:
- Acarboxyhemoglobin is a reduced form
- BMethb is an oxidised form
- CBlood carries 97% O2
- DBlood carries 97% CO2
81 What is correct concerning the intrinsic pathway:
- Adepends on factor 11-12a, Kallikrein
- Bdepends on release of HMWK
- Cdepends on factor 3-12
- Ddepends on vascular wall
- Eneeds calcium ions
82Growth factor is stimulated by;
- Ahyperglycemia
- Bhypoglycemia
- Cstress and sleep (REM)
- Dphysical exercise
83Identify statements characteristic for “0” typed individuals in ABO system:
- AThey have gene/genes coding for the sequence amino acids of fucosyl-transferase
- Bhave no antigens on membranes of erythrocytes
- CBoth anti-A and anti-B immunoglobulins are synthesized after exposition to those antigens
- DBoth anti-A and anti-B hemagglutinins are present in their plasma since their birth
84 Haemolytic Newborn disease can cause:
- AAnemia
- BHypobilirubinemia
- Cdeath
- Dedema
85Which of following processes may facilitate agglutination.
- ACooling (decreasing of temp) of in vitro preparation
- BAdministration of Ig against human IgG (Coombs test)
- CEnzymatic modification of molecules of IgG immunoglobulins
- DActivation of complement system performed by complexes antigen immunoglobulins IgM/IgG
86In healthy humans which of following morphological elements of peripheral blood have shortest life span
- AMacrophages
- BThrombocytes (platelets)
- CHematopoietic stem cells
- DErythrocytes
87Which of following statement concerning erythrocytes are true:
- AMCV is an erythrocyte index expressing average volume of erythrocytes
- BRDW (RBC distribution width) is quantitative measure of MCV
- CConc. of hemoglobin in blood of healthy adult women ranges 12-16 g/dL
- DStandard erythrocyte due to its size + shape is not able to pass via capillaries which diameter is lower than 10 micrometer
88Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT):
- AProlonged in case of low plasma concentration of fibrinogen (Factor 1
- BDepends on processes of intrinsic pathway of coagulation
- CDepends on platelets count
- DDepends on state of vascular wall
89Identify proper statement concerning plasma coagulation proteins dependent on vitamin K;
- AThey can be activated by heparin. substrates for thrombin
- BPost-translatory modification of molecules of prothrombin factor 2 & 10 in liver, depends on Vit K
- CFactor 2, 7, 9, 10, Protein C & S are Vit. K dep.
- DActivity is inhibited by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase
- EThey are proteolytic enzymes (serine-proteases)
- FInhibited by coumarin-derivatives such as dikumarol + warfarin
90Extrinsic pathway of coagulation:
- Abegins with liberation of tissue thromboplastin (tissue factor (3))
- Bbegins with exposure of collagen
- CRequires calcium ions & PL
- DRequires factor 12 for full activation of hemostatic process
91 Ionotropic receptor producing IPSP:
- Amuscarinic receptor
- Bnicotinic receptor
- Cglycine receptor
- DGABAa receptor
92GABAa is:
- AVoltage gated Cl- channel
- BLigand gated Cl- channel
- CActivation leads to IPSP
- DActivation leads to EPSP
93Thrombin dependant (hydrolyzed by thrombin) coagulation factors are;
- AFactor 2
- BFactor 5, 8, 13
- CFibrinogen (factor 1)
- Dhigh molecular weight kininogen (HmWK) -
94Identify right statements concerning Prothrombin time
- Ais prolonged in treatment with antivitamin K (+ diseases of liver)
- Bdepends on processes of extrinsic pathway
- Cdepends on processes of intrinsic pathway of coagulation
- Ddepends on platelets count (number of platelets)
95In neuromuscular junction you can find:
- AN-Cholinergic receptor
- BB-Adrenergic receptor
- CAcetylcholine receptor
- DFolds of cardiac membrane
96Primary Hemostasis:
- ADepend on equilibrium between plasma coagulation proteins & blood vessel
- BTested by clotting time and APTT
- CTested by bleeding time
- DProlonged in individuals treated with inhibitors of cyclooxygenases (aspirin)
97So called contact factors of coagulation are:
- APlasma coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X, C-protein, S protein
- BPasma coagulation factors I, V, VIII, XIII
- CHMWK, prekallikrein
- DPlasma coagulation factors XI, XII
98Primary hemostasis is composed of:
- AActivation of plasma coagulation factors X, II and I.
- BContraction of the damaged vessel
- CAdhesion, activation, aggregation, granulation of platelets
- DAgglutination and coagulation of platelets
99So called active immunity develops after:
- AAfter natural invasion of a pathogen and development of the response
- BVaccination with separated antigens of microbes
- CParenteral administration of ready-made immunoglobulins
- DPassage of maternal immunoglobulins via placenta, with milk or colostrum
100Clotting time;
- AProlonged in people treated with heparin
- BTests Intrinsic pathway & common pathway
- CDepends on the vascular wall
- DDepends on nr. of platelets
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- Soheila Amri
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