Quiz
Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery - CM (61-90)
Questions in this quiz (30)
1Surgical treatment of mediastinal and cardiac tumors:
- AIt is indicated for any type of tumor
- BIt depends on the location and stage of tumor progression
- CChemotherapy is recommended as a therapeutic adjunct
- DIt is performed by sternotomy in the case of anterior mediastinal tumors and by thoracotomy in the case of posterior mediastinal tumors.
- ESurgical treatment is indicated depending on the patient's age
2Hypertension in the pulmonary circuit leads to:
- AHypertrophy of the middle layer of the small pulmonary vessels
- BExcessive proliferation of the intima of the pulmonary vessels
- CSclerosis of the inner layer of the small pulmonary vessels
- DAt the subsequent thinning of the middle layer of the small pulmonary vessels
- EDevelopment of the collateral vessels of the lungs
3The accentuation of the second heart sound in the pulmonary artery point of auscultation, is a sign of:
- ALarge left to right shunt
- BRight to left shunt
- CPulmonary hypertension
- DEquality of shunt pressures
- EIt has nothing to do with any of the above
4Which of the following is a consequence of pulmonary hypertension:
- AInsufficiency of the right parts of the heart
- BLiver failure
- CInsufficiency of the left side of the heart
- DRespiratory failure
- EKidney failure
5From the following, which are relative contraindications to heparin
administration:- ARecent surgery
- BAssociation with NSAIDs
- CIntramuscular injections
- DPericarditis
- EAortic dissection
6Which of the following etiologies is listed below as the cause of non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism:
- Atumor embolism
- Bamniotic fluid embolism
- Cisolated deep vein thrombosis of the leg
- Dfatty embolism
- Egas embolism
7What are the pathophysiological pathways in the occurrence of tricuspid valve insufficiency secondary to pre-existing valvular pathology (most commonly mitral valve disease)?
- APulmonary hypertension leads to dilatation of the right ventricular
cavity - BDilatation of the tricuspid valve ring
- CThe complex of papillary muscles and tendinous cords is shortened
- DDisaggregation (rupture) of papillary muscles and pathological movement of the right ventricular wall
- EThe position of the tricuspid valve cusps
- APulmonary hypertension leads to dilatation of the right ventricular
8What are the signs on the Chest X-ray in the regurgitation of the tricuspid valve?
- ACardiomegaly
- BProeminent azygous vein
- CDilatation of the right atrium and ventricle
- DStructural abnormality of the tricuspid valve
- EDisplacement of the diaphragm upwards due to ascites
9What are the surgical techniques in reshaping the tricuspid valve ring?
- APartial reduction of anterior and posterior valve ring (De Vega technique)
- BImplantation of the support ring
- CBicuspidization technique
- DTricuspid valve prosthesis
- EThe technique of shortening the tendinous cords
10The aortic valve is a morphofunctional unit, which consists of?
- AFunctional aortic ring, comprising aorto-ventricular junction and sino-tubular junction
- BThree leaflets with their attachment
- CSinuses of Valsalva with coronary artery ostia
- DRight and left coronary arteries
- EAscending aorta
11Which are the main functions of the aortic valve?
- AEnsuring unidirectional blood flow from the left ventricle
- BEnsuring bidirectional blood flow from the left ventricle
- COptimization of coronary blood flow
- DMaintaining myocardial function
- EObstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle if necessary
12Which is the most common cause of aortic valve stenosis in people aged 70 and over?
- AInfective endocarditis
- BBicuspid aortic valve
- C"Senile degeneration" of the valve
- DRheumatic valve disease
- ECalcification of a normal trileaflet aortic valve
13Which of the following symptoms is the classic triad of symptoms in aortic
stenosis?- ADyspnea
- BFatigue
- CSyncope
- DVertigo
- EAngina pectoris
14The pressure gradient at the aortic valve can be measured by the next
investigations?- AEco cardiography
- BAuscultation
- CPalpation
- DCT angiography
- ECardiac catheterization
15Which of the following does the treatment in aortic valve "senile degeneration" include?
- ARemoval of mechanical obstruction
- BAortic valve replacement
- CTranscatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with increased surgical risk in the elderly with associated comorbidities
- DDebridement of the aortic valve by surgery
- EUltrasonic aortic valve debridement
16What are the indications for aortic valve replacement?
- ASevere aortic valve stenosis
- BLeft ventricular dysfunction with aortic valve stenosis (left ventricular ejection fraction <50%)
- CSevere calcification of the aortic valve
- DAsymptomatic aortic valve stenosis but with lesions on the coronary arteries requiring revascularization
- EAortic valve stenosis with asymptomatic 0.9 cm² opening area
17Acute aortic insufficiency occurs in the case of different morphopathological conditions of the valve, the most common being?
- ABacterial endocarditis
- BAcute aortic dissection
- CAs an iatrogenic complication of a transcatheter procedure
- DBlunt thoracic trauma
- ESenile degeneration of the aortic valve
18From a pathophysiological point of view, what does the regurgitating volume in chronic aortic insufficiency depend on?
- AThe surface of the regurgitation orifice
- BDiastolic pressure difference between aorta and left ventricle
- CThe systolic pressure difference between the aorta and the left ventricle
- DDuration of diastole
- EThe duration of systole
19Does the functional unit of the tricuspid valve consist of the following?
- AMyocardium of the right atrium and fibrous ring
- BThree leaflets and tendinous cords
- CMyocardium of the right ventricle and papillary muscles
- DTodaro's tendon and Eustachian's valve
- EThe Koch`s triangle and the atrioventricular node
20Which are the main cusps/leaflets of the tricuspid valve?
- AAnterior cusp
- BThe posterior cusp
- CSeptal cusp
- DAntero-septal cusp
- EPostero-lateral cusp
21The mitral stenosis is classified in three categories – which are they?
- AVery mild mitral stenosis - has an area of the mitral orifice> 2 cm2
- BMild mitral stenosis - has an area of the mitral orifice> 1.5 cm2
- CModerate form mitral stenosis - mitral orifice is 1.5 - 1 cm2
- DSevere form mitral stenosis - has mitral orifice <1 cm2
- EMitral stenosis critical form - mitral orifice area <0.5 cm2
22The etiological factors of the nonsuppurative pleural effusion are:
- AThoracic Duct Injuries (chylothorax)
- BChest injuries with damage to the pleura, intercostal arteries, lung parenchyma (hemothorax)
- CPancreatogenic pleural effusion
- DRupture of the lung abscess in the pleural cavity
- EMalignant pleural effusion (metastatic)
23Which of the following are methods of choice of investigation for establishing the appearance of pleural effusion:
- AThoracentesis
- BFluid sampling by pleural puncture for cytological study
- CFluid sampling by pleural puncture for biochemical study
- DRadionuclide investigations
- EUltrasound
24Which of the following statements refers to primary spontaneous pneumothorax (idiopathic):
- AIt's a medical-surgical emergency
- BOccurs on pre-existing lesions
- CIt appears suddenly
- DAs a rule, without a previously known cause
- EIt is found mainly in children
25What are the main conditions for the occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax?
- AThe existence of a place of minimum resistance
- BAge
- CIntervention of a trigger (physical exertion, cough)
- DExistence of associated diseases
- EIt depends on the patient's gender
26The degree of ischemia caused by the obstacle is variable, depending on several factors:
- AThe location and extent of the obstacle
- BObstacle formation speed
- CDestruction of collateral
- DThe patient's age
- EExtensive thrombosis
27Non-invasive vascular bed explorations include:
- ADoppler examination
- BComputed tomography angiography
- CMagnetic resonance angiography
- DThe Seldinger technique for angiography
- ETriplex examination of blood vessels
28Local complications in Seldinger technique for arteriography are as follows:
- AHematoma
- BArteriovenous fistulas
- CDissection, vascular occlusion and peripheral arterial embolism
- DAcute renal failure
- EPseudoaneurysms
29Under the conditions of a normal arterial bed, arteriography provides the following information:
- AThe accurate location of the lesions
- BPresence of single or multiple lesions
- CExistence of collateral circulation
- DMay establish the embolic or thrombotic origin of acute ischemia
- EThe condition of the distal vascular bed
30The vascular injuries with the best prognosis are the following:
- ASimple vascular wounds
- BStabbed wounds
- CBlood Vessel Rupture
- DArterial contusions
- EIatrogenic vascular injury
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- 5/6 USMF, MED. 2, 5th Year (Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery) Quiz on Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery - CM (61-90), created by Sonya B. on 23/09/2026.
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- Sonya B.
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- Created on 23 Sep 2026 · updated on 23 Sep 2026
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