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Static Lung Volumes

Deleted user 12 questions

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  1. 1Static Lung Volumes: Lung volumes measure during periods [blank_start]without[blank_end] air flow.

    Functional Residual Volume (FRC)
    Volume of gas in lungs at [blank_start]end expiratory[blank_end] level
    Typical: [blank_start]2400[blank_end] mL
    [blank_start]Decreased[blank_end] with restrictive disease
    [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] with obstructive disease (air trapping)
    FRC = ERV + [blank_start]RV[blank_end]
    FRC = [blank_start]TLC[blank_end] - IC

    Residual Volume (RV)
    Volume of gas in lungs after maximal [blank_start]expiration[blank_end].
    TYpical: [blank_start]1200[blank_end] mL
    [blank_start]Decreased[blank_end] with restrictive disease
    [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] with obstructive disease
    RV = [blank_start]FRC[blank_end] - ERV
    RV = TLC - [blank_start]RV[blank_end]
    Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
    Volume of gas in the lungs following maximal [blank_start]inspiration[blank_end].

    Typical: [blank_start]6000[blank_end] mL
    [blank_start]Decreased[blank_end] with restrictive disease
    [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] with obstructive disease
    TLC = IRV + [blank_start]VT[blank_end] + ERV + RV
    TLC = IC + [blank_start]FRC[blank_end]
    TLC = VC + [blank_start]RV[blank_end]

    1. Awithout
    2. Bend expiratory
    3. C2400
    4. DDecreased
    5. EIncreased
    6. FRV
    7. GTLC
    8. Hexpiration
    9. I1200
    10. JDecreased
    11. KIncreased
    12. LFRC
    13. MRV
    14. Ninspiration
    15. O6000
    16. PDecreased
    17. QIncreased
    18. RVT
    19. SFRC
    20. TRV
  2. 2Increased Lung Volumes: [blank_start]Obstructive[blank_end] disease with [blank_start]air[blank_end] trapping

    Decreased Volumes: [blank_start]Restrictive[blank_end] diseases
    1. ARestrictive
    2. BObstructive
    3. Cair
  3. 3Methods of Measuring Static Volumes
    He [blank_start]Dilution[blank_end]
    [blank_start]N2[blank_end] Washout
    Body [blank_start]Plethysmography[blank_end]
    [blank_start]Radiological[blank_end] Estimation
    1. ADilution
    2. BN2
    3. CPlethysmography
    4. DRadiological
  4. 4He Dilution
    Uses He in closed system to measure [blank_start]FRC[blank_end]
    Pt rebreathes known concentration of He ([blank_start]10[blank_end]%) mixed with Room air for up to [blank_start]7[blank_end] minutes.
    He is distributed throughout lungs until [blank_start]equilibrium[blank_end] is establish between [blank_start]lungs[blank_end] and spirometer.
    Switch-in should occur at end [blank_start]expiration[blank_end]. Initial and final [blank_start]He[blank_end] concentration are measured and FRC is [blank_start]calculated[blank_end].
    EOT when He concentration changes by <.[blank_start]02[blank_end]% in [blank_start]30[blank_end] sec.
    Add small amounts of [blank_start]O2[blank_end] to replace O2 that is consumed.
    Measures FRC, ERV. [blank_start]TLC[blank_end] is calculated: RV + VC = TLC
    Requires a [blank_start]CO2[blank_end] absorber
    Deadspace is subtracted, add volume to correct for He absorbed in blood.
    1. AFRC
    2. B10
    3. C7
    4. Dequilibrium
    5. Elungs
    6. Fexpiration
    7. GHe
    8. Hcalculated
    9. I02
    10. J30
    11. KO2
    12. LTLC
    13. MCO2
  5. 5He Dilution QA

    Baseline should be flat and % He reading [blank_start]stable[blank_end] prior to switch-in
    Consistent baseline should be maintained by adding [blank_start]O2[blank_end] to the system
    Pattern of breathing with [blank_start]increased[blank_end] rate/depth means the [blank_start]CO2[blank_end] absorber needs replaced.
    EOT occurs when He concentration changes by <.[blank_start]02[blank_end]% in [blank_start]30[blank_end] seconds.
    Failure to achieve [blank_start]equilibrium[blank_end] indicates a leak.
    Wait [blank_start]10[blank_end]-[blank_start]15[blank_end] minutes in between tests
    Report the [blank_start]mean[blank_end] of [blank_start]3[blank_end] acceptable tests.
    1. Astable
    2. BO2
    3. Cincreased
    4. DCO2
    5. E02
    6. F30
    7. Gequilibrium
    8. H10
    9. I15
    10. Jmean
    11. K3
  6. 6N2 Washout
    Measures [blank_start]FRC[blank_end] by replacing N2 in lungs with O2.
    Pt rebreathes [blank_start]100[blank_end]% O2 for up to 7 minutes or until N2 < [blank_start]1[blank_end]%.
    Final value of expired N2 = .[blank_start]01[blank_end]
    Normal lungs will washout in [blank_start]3[blank_end] minutes or less, obstructed pts may not washout completely.
    Switch in occurs at [blank_start]end expiration[blank_end].
    Exhaled gases are collected and final %[blank_start]N2[blank_end] is used to calculated FRC
    Open circuit method, rapid analyzer gives breath by breath analyzation.
    Analyzer failure will spike [blank_start]O2[blank_end] but then go back to normal.
    1. AFRC
    2. B100
    3. C1
    4. D01
    5. E3
    6. Fend expiration
    7. GN2
    8. HO2
  7. 7N2 Washout QA
    Normal lungs washout in <3 minutes
    EOT occurs when N2% changes < [blank_start]1.5[blank_end]% over 3 breaths.
    Allow [blank_start]15[blank_end] minutes in between tests
    Report [blank_start]mean[blank_end] of [blank_start]2[blank_end] acceptable tests that are within [blank_start]10[blank_end]% of each other.
    Zero the N2 analyzer with [blank_start]100[blank_end]% O2.
    1. A1.5
    2. B15
    3. C2
    4. Dmean
    5. E10
    6. F100
  8. 8Body Plethysmogaph
    Measures: FRC, Vtg (same as [blank_start]FRC[blank_end]), TLC, RV/TLC, Raw.
    Pt breathes normally for several breaths, then at end exp the shutter closes and pt [blank_start]pants[blank_end].
    No [blank_start]airflow[blank_end] is present.
    Pmouth = [blank_start]Palveolar[blank_end] (plotted [blank_start]vertically[blank_end])
    2nd transducer measure Pbox
    Pbox = [blank_start]Vtg[blank_end] (plotted [blank_start]horizontally[blank_end])
    [blank_start]Boyle's[blank_end] law is used to calculate Vtg: P1V1 - P2V2
    Measures trapped gases not in communication with [blank_start]airways[blank_end]
    Angle of P-V loop should be [blank_start]45[blank_end] degrees.
    Flattened loop displaced downward = [blank_start]restrictive[blank_end] disease
    1. AFRC
    2. Bpants
    3. Cairflow
    4. DPalveolar
    5. Evertically
    6. FVtg
    7. Ghorizontally
    8. HBoyle's
    9. Iairways
    10. J45
    11. Krestrictive
  9. 9Body Plethysmograph QA
    Pmouth transducer: with water or Hg [blank_start]barometer[blank_end]
    [blank_start]Pbox[blank_end] transducer: with sinewave pump
    Flow Transducer: [blank_start]Rotameter[blank_end]
    QC is done using an [blank_start]isothermal[blank_end] lung model to validate the volume measuring ability.
    Should be within [blank_start]5[blank_end]% of actual volume.
    1. Abarometer
    2. BPbox
    3. CRotameter
    4. Disothermal
    5. E5
  10. 10Radiological Estimation of TLC
    CXR are taken at TLC both [blank_start]laterally[blank_end] and P-A
    Standard points are marked on image and measurements made and geometric [blank_start]formulas[blank_end] are used to calculate static lung volumes
    Useful in pts unable to perform [blank_start]tests[blank_end].
    1. Alaterally
    2. Bformulas
    3. Ctests

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User has deleted their subject information Quiz on Static Lung Volumes, created by Deleted user on 19/08/2016.
Author
Deleted user
Language
English
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