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Research methods 2
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Questions in this quiz (175)
1Sheila is concerned about reactivity and wants to use an unobstrusive research technique to examine her research question. Which of the following should she use?
- AParticipant observation
- BNaturalistic observation
- CSurvey
- DExperiment
2Hiram wants to study how product placement in a grocery store influences bying behaviors. To be sure his study re creates the psychological experience of a grocery store. Hiram recreates four aisles in the lab just as they appear at his local grocery store and has participants use an actual shopping cart. Which aspect of the study is Hiram strengthening?
- AEcological validity
- BInternal validity
- CDemand charactieristc
- DSocial desirability
3Jaye's goal is to observationally study the bonds that form between sorority members through the rush process. To do this, Jaye pledges a sorority and grows close to her pledge class and her big sister, all the while making her research observations. What form of observation is Jaye sing?
- AUnbiased
- BNaturalistic
- CNonconcealed
- DParticipant
4To study how people place blame for failure, Blaine brings groups of participants into the lab and gives them an unsolvable task to work on collaboratively. he informs the participants that he will observe them, but does not tell them what specific behaviors he plans to observe. Which of the following?
- Anaturalistic
- Bconcealed laboratory observation
- Cnonconcealed laboratory observation
- Dblind observation
5Which of the following is a major concern with nonconcealed observation?
- AParticipant reactivity
- BBiased observations
- CPoor inter observer reliability
- DPoor intra observer reliability
6Jack and Jill are trained reserach observers for Peter Pan's study on pretend play in children. jack and Jill are very consistent in their own independent conding. However, when comparing their ratings of the same event to each other's, their consensus or agreement is poor. Which of the following is corrrect?
- AThey have good intra observer reliability and good inter observer reliability
- BThey have poor intra observer reliability and good inter observer reliability
- CThey have good intra observer reliability and poor inter observer reliability
- DThey have poor intra observer reliability and poor inter observer reliability
7Jannette plans to observe children on the playground for a total of 2 houts on a given day. She breaks down the 2 hours into eight 15 minute time periods and then indicates whether a particular behavior occurs during each time period. She is usig which strategy?
- AInterval
- BContinous
- CDuration
- DOptimal
8Clint predicts that extreme temperatures will influence aggressive behavior. He trains two research observers on how to identify and record aggressive behaviors along with the current weather conditions, but never lets them know his prediction. This is which of the following?
- AContrived observation
- BNaturalistic observation
- CBlind observation
- DParticipant observation
9If your research question is a what question, which of the following statistical analysis should you use to examine your data?
- AInferential statistics
- BInductive statistics
- CPractical statistics
- DDescriptive statistics
10Verla, Santa's second cousing twice removed, wants to know if weight plays a role in jolliness. If her variables are weight measured in pounds and jollinness measured by the number of belly laughs, what types of variable is weight?
- ARange variable
- BModal variable
- CContinous variable
- DCategorical variable
11Admissions counselors use _____ to determine whether GPA is predictive of success during a student's freshmen year in college.
- AA. formative evaluations
- BB. inferential statistics
- CC. summative evaluations
- DD. descriptive statistics
12Dr. Keefer is skeptical of using laboratory observation designs as he knows they are susceptible to both _____ and social desirability.
- AA. natural behaviors
- BB. personality characteristics
- CC. demand characteristics
- DD. artificiality
13Research practices that utilize behavioral choice may inflate a(n):
- AA. introspection
- BB. artificial environment.
- CC. behavioral traces.
- DD. ecological validity.
14Developing a research question to determine what a person feels, thinks, or does would be best suited for:
- Adescriptive
- Bcorrelational
- Cquasi experimental
- Dexperimental
15Which of the following scenarios would be best suited for descriptive research?
- AA. providing positive feedback to one group of students and negative feedback to another group of students to observe their subsequent behaviors
- BB. conducting home visit observations and in-depth parent interviews to determine why certain behavior problems exist for students
- CC. interviewing teachers regarding problem behaviors in their classrooms
- DD. dividing students in classrooms based on their IQ and then implementing a certain teaching style
16Social desirability is:
- AA. the tendency for individuals to overreport socially acceptable qualities and underreport undesirable qualities to look better.
- BB. the tendency to restrict behavior.
- CC. the tendency to overreport undesirable qualities in an effort to look worse.
- DD. the tendency for individuals to underreport socially acceptable qualities and overreport undesirable qualities to look better.
17Which describes the common and accepted practice of conceptually defining terms for research?
- AA. using previously existing definitions from the literature
- BB. not checking literature for existing definitions
- CC. developing a vague and broad definition of terms
- DD. making up new definitions not based on the literature
18A researcher is interested in what behaviors are common among individuals during summers of intense and atypical heat waves. This would be indicative of a(n):
- Adescriptive statistic
- Bmultiple regression
- Csummative evaluation
- Dinferential statistic
19Luella has a 2-year-old son and a 4-year-old daughter. When in the presence of her parents she is likely to _____ the number of problematic behaviors of her children according to the principle of social desirability.
- Achallenge
- Bnot report
- Cunderreport
- Doverreport
20Evangelina was part of a summer reality television show and it is finally starting to air on TV. She watched the first several episodes and noticed that she appeared very timid initially, but then began to exhibit some embarrassing drinking and dating behaviors. What happened?
- AA. Evangelina became aware of active deception.
- BB. Evangelina's bias increased.
- CC. Evangelina's reactivity decreased.
- DD. Evangelina's reactivity increased.
21Kyra wanted to determine what types of monetary currency was used to pay for merchandise at a local bargain store. She noted there was an assorted use of currency including, but not limited to, dimes, quarters, $5 bills, $20 bills, and $100 bills. To easily explain the selection of currency taken by the bargain store Kyra should use_____ to describe the data collected.
- Arange
- Bmean
- Cmedian
- Dmode
22Olive has been tracking her progress in training for a triathlon. Here is the list of the miles she ran for the last 15 days: 2, 1, 6, 5, 8, 9, 2, 4, 7, 6, 6, 8, 9, 2, 2. The median for this set of data would be:
- A6
- B8
- C4
- D5
23Dr. Flores studies primate behavior during the day and at night. She spends a 24-hour period observing and coding all of the primate's behaviors in the captivity habitat. This would be an example of:
- AA. duration recording.
- BB. frequency-count recording.
- CC. interval recording.
- DD. continuous recording.
24If concealment efforts are deemed justifiable and acceptable for the purposes of the specific research question, which setting would be considered an ethical medium for obtaining the data?
- AA. audio recording conversations in retail store fitting rooms
- BB. sitting on a bench in a community park
- CC. installing hidden cameras in a bathroom
- DD. hiding under someone's bed in their dorm room
25According to the famous Asch (1951. study individuals feel:
- AA. pressure to draw lines the same as the person next to them.
- BB. pressure to display unique behaviors.
- CC. pressure to correct behavior to align more with expectations.
- DD. pressure to be just like their peers.
26Dr. Lorns is examining snoring patterns in males and females. He is interested to see if men snore more frequently than women and has developed a sleep lab to help answer this research question. He will most likely use:
- AA. duration recording.
- BB. variable schedule recording.
- CC. interval recording.
- DD. frequency count recording.
27Alden goes to his sociology professor for advice regarding a research question. Alden wants to have complete control of his participants and their environment and he asks his professor which observational method would be most appropriate. What is his professor's answer?
- Anaturalistic
- Bsystematic
- Cparticipant
- Dlaboratory
28Triny has been recording the number of times she says “um” for the last 7 days to help improve her public-speaking grade. She recorded the following data for the last 7 days: 23, 27, 12, 10, 5, 5, 5. What is the approximate average number of times she says “um” over the 7-day period?
- A17
- B12
- C22
- D15
29Mr. Chapman is a local scientist studying germ incubation times for varying fungi. He records the incubation times to the second, minute, and hour. This would be an example of a(n):
- Anominal variable
- Bordinal variable
- Ccategorical variable
- Dcontinuous variable
30Dr. Alier is examining psychopathic tendencies among prisoners and nurses. He decided to provide a self-report questionnaire to prisoners and nurses and asked them to complete it. Dr. Alier and his research assistants then followed up with individual interviews for all of the participants. Scores on the self-report scale ranged from 0 to 106. In this example psychopathic tendencies are a(n):
- Ainterval variable
- Bcontinouous variable
- Ccategorical variable
- Dordinal variable
31Devon ask students to indicate how much they agree with a series of statments about a project and then sums their responses to obtain an overall attitude scale. What is using?
- AA Likert scale
- Bsurvey
- Cinterview
- Dexperimental study
32Ivan notices that many of his participants tended to agree with all of the items. Which may be a problem?
- AConstruct validity
- BError of central tendency
- CRandom error
- DAcquiescence response set
33Allyson wants to establish teh construct validit of her scale. Which of the following pieces of information needs?
- AInternal consistency reliability
- BContent validity
- CDivergent validity
- DConcurrent validity
34As Allan begins to complete a study habits survey for his professor, he notices that if he anwers truthfully, he may not look like a particularly conscietious student. Which of the following concerns may create bias?
- ASocial desirability
- BDemand characteristics
- CAcquiescence response set
- DEvaluation aprehension
35Erika wants to conduct a survey to compare how students with different majors feel about the reduction in library hours on campus. Which type of sampling would be the best?
- AConvenience
- BSimple random
- CStratified
- DArea probability
36If Tyrone wants to reduce the likelihood that his participants will be able to guess the purpose of his survey, what should he include in this survey?
- AOpen ended items
- BDistractor items
- CForced choice items
- DAlternative forms items
37Researchers use Cronbach's alpha to evaluate the __________ of a scale
- Ainternal conssitency reliability
- Btest retest reliability
- Calternative form reliaility
- Dconstruct reliability
38To determine the likelihood that your hypothesis is correct given your data, you should
- Acalculate the correlation between the measurements of your two variables
- Bcalculate statistical significance
- Cassess the variability of the two sets of measurements
- Dcompare the mean, median, and modes of the measuremetns.
39Darren and his freinds are arguing about who has the worst part time job. They decide to create a scale to assess how bad a job is so that they can objectively compare their different places of employment. This means that Darrent and his friends will be doing what to settle their argument?
- AThey will be crating a standardized measure to quantify their workplace experiences
- BThey will be conducting a correlational study of their workplace experiences
- CThey will be developing open ended questions to compare their work place experiences
- DThey will be creating a plan for systematically observing one another's workplaces.
40Whenever asked a closed-ended questions, Julio refuses to use the endpoints in the provided set of response options. Julio is exhibiting which response bias?
- Aacquiescent response set
- Berror central tendency
- Cparticipant judgment bias
- Drandom response bias
41Tyrone believes his psychology test was unfair because the questions did not appear to reflect what was discussed in class or in the textbook. Tyrone is upset because he believes the test has poor
- Ainternal consistency reliability
- Bconstruct validity
- Ccriterion validity
- Dcontent validity
42As a restaurant server, Lonnie notices that his customers always say tthat their meal was fine whenever he asks them. Wanting to get a more accurate understanding of his customers' satisfaction with their dining experience, Lonnie decides to survey each of his dining parties. What is the best way for him to minimize potential yea-saying?
- AInclude some reverse coded items in the survey
- BExtensively pilot test his survey to establish its reliability
- CUse a forced choice scale
- DAvoid asking double-barreled questions
43A college director of admissions is wondering if a new measure of college preparation would effectively identify students who will be sucessful in college. which type of validity should the director consider in order to answer this question?
- Aconstruct validity
- Bcontent validity
- Ccriterion validity
- Dface validity
44working as an intern for a political campaign, Fernando needs to develop a sampling plan for surveying potential voters' candidate preference. If Fernando wants to make sure his sample is representative of potential voters across the congressional district, he should use
- Arandom assignment
- Bsimple random sampling
- Carea probability sampling
- Dstratified random sampling
45researchers use cronbach's alpha to evaluate a scale's
- Atest-restert reliability
- Bstatistical significance
- Cconvergent validity
- Dinternal consistency reliability
46Clinton finds that the results in his study are statistically significant. this means that his results
- Ahave practical significance
- Bare of significant importance
- Care unlikely the result of bias
- Dare unlikely to have occurred by chance alone
47to evaluate how similar individual measurements are to one another, one should look at the
- Acronbach's alpha associated with the measurement
- Bstandard deviation of the measurement
- Ccorrelation between the measurement
- Dreliability of the measurement
48X finds that there is a positive correlation between one's score on a sensation seeking scale and one's attitude toward amusement parks. This means that
- Ahigh sensation seekers tend to like amusement parks
- Bthose higher in sensation seeking tend to have a negative attitude toward amusement parks
- Cthe sensation seeking scale and the attitude scale have satisfactory alternative form reliability
- Dboth measures have good convergent validity
49Noel asked his partner “Are you happy with our life and communication?” This could be viewed as an unfair question because it is an example of a(n):
- AA. acquiescent response set.
- BB. forced choice item.
- CC. double-barreled item.
- DD. closed-ended question.
50Local university administrators developed a new curriculum and wanted to pilot it on a representative student sample. Approximately 20% of students study online and 80% are residential students. Administrators wanted the pilot sample to have a similar makeup so they used:
- AA. area probability sampling.
- BB. convenience sampling.
- CC. simple random sampling.
- DD. stratified random sampling.
51______ is the best method of evaluation for test-retest reliability.
- AANOVA
- BPaired samples
- Ct-test
- Dcorrelation
52Dr. Ames is interested in whether his perfectionism scale and a grammar task given at the same time are related. Dr. Ames is interested in:
- AA. predictive validity.
- BB. construct validity.
- CC. convergent validity.
- DD. concurrent validity.
53Reverse-coding is a scoring strategy where more negative response alternatives are assigned ______ values and more positive response alternatives are assigned ______ values.
- Amodest, lower
- Bhigher, lower
- Clower, modest
- Dlower, higher
54If a research study asks personal or sensitive information it is important the purpose of the study is clearly stated and ______ is obtained to document reporting procedures.
- Aconsent
- Bassent
- CIRB approval
- DCAC approval
55All recent recipients of insurance benefits were surveyed regarding their satisfaction and customer service experience. Approximately 15% of the surveys were completed and returned. The _____ is 15%.
- Aresponse rate
- Bsample rate
- Cvariability rate
- Dreturn rate
56Rosenberg (1969) found that individuals become concerned with how researchers may interpret their answers or behaviors during research studies. This is referred to as:
- Adistraction
- Bevaluation apprehension
- Cbias
- Dface validity
57Toni is in the process of finalizing tables in her master's thesis manuscript. She double checks the appropriate symbol for probability. Which of the following represents probability?
- AA.
- BB. µ
- CC. p
58Measures with strong face validity encounter several limitations including all of the following, EXCEPT:
- Asocial desirability bias
- Bobjectivity
- Cdemand characteristics
- Dsubjectivity
59Dr. Quezada is concerned about the measurement's ______ and that is why he is thinking at length about the type of response alternatives included in his survey of childhood bullying experiences.
- Asensitivity
- Binternal consistency
- Cspecificity
- Dcontent validity
60When a study is launched preliminarily to determine the study's strengths and weaknesses it's known as:
- Ahypothesizing
- Bdirectional testing
- Ccorrelating
- Dpilot testing
61Dr. Fowler noticed that the participants seemed to be more aware of the questions and tasks of the performance measure during the second administration. She believes this may have affected their scores in a systematic way. This would be an example of:
- Avalidity issue
- Bbias
- Cerror of central tendency
- Drandom error
62If two scales are purported to measure trait anxiety then both scales should be:
- Anot be correlated
- Bhighly correlated
- Cpoorly correlated
- Dinvalid
63Dr. Abott hypothesized that the enjoyment of vegetables and cognitive flexibility would be related. His hypothesis is:
- Anondirectional
- Bdirectional
- Cpositive
- Dnegative
64Dr. Hughes wants to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the Time 1 and Time 2 administration of his neurocognitive performance measure. The best method of evaluation would be:
- Aalternative-forms reliability
- Bregression
- Cexperimental design
- Dcorrelation
65In order to establish a scale's construct validity researchers need to evaluate the scale's ______ and discriminant validity.
- Aconvergent
- Bface
- Cinternal consistency
- Dcontent
66Dr. Schneider hypothesized that a higher degree of positive attitude toward horror films would be related to greater artistic creativity in teenagers. His hypothesis is:
- Abiased
- Bdirectional
- Cskewed
- Dnondirectional
67In a study investigating differences in first-time students in college who joined Greek life and those who did not, it was found that first-time college students who joined Greek organizations scored higher in:
- Aself esteem
- Bintroversion
- Csocial deficits
- Dextraversion
68In order to establish a scale's ______validity researchers need to evaluate the scales convergent and discriminant validity.
- Aface
- Bcosntruct
- Cinternal consistency
- Ddiscriminant
69The local driving school owner, Lorraine, wants to see if her driving school students learn to drive better while listening to jazz music. To test this, she has half of her students listen to loud jazz music, while the other half listen to loud bluegrass music. Everyone learns the driving laws, parallel parking, and the meaning of road signs with music playing. Lorraine ten measures the students' performance on their driver's license test. In this study the independent variable is____; while the dependent variable is ______
- Amusic volume, driving test performance
- Bmusic volume, type of music
- Ctype of music, driving test performance
- Dthe driving skills in the lesson, music volume
70As a TV producer, you are responsible for creating a reality TV show where 20 contestant from a variety of educational and experiential backgrounds and representing a variety of ages compete on physical and mental tasks like solving logic puzzles. To create the two teams, you decide to put everyone's name on a Ping-Pong ball and then draw teams like number in the lottery. Which of the following would present a problem to the fairness of your teams?
- AFour of the contestants are math students from ivy league
- BA majority of the contestanst have been part of habitat for humanity and have building experience
- C8 contestants cosnider themselves trivia buffs
- Dnone of the above
71Adele thinks the key to weight loss is eating exprensive specialty dark chocolate bars that contain 65% cacao, pomegranate extract and macadamia nuts. In particular, she thinks the pomegranate extract is the key ingredient. She wants to test her idea by comparing a group that eats 4 ouncnes of this specialty chocolate each day for a week to another group. What would be the best control group to test Adele's belief?
- AA group that eats 4 ounces of a white chocolate bar
- BA group that eats 4 ounces of dark chocolate containing 65% cacao, grape extract, and macadamia nuts
- CA group that eats 4 ounces of dark chocolate containing 85% cacao, raspberry extract and peanuts
- Da group that eats macadamia nuts and drinks 4 ounces of pomegranate extract
72X believes that employees at his telemarketing company would be more productive if they took a 30 minute nap each day at 2:30 at their desk. To test this, he has half of the employees take a nap, while the other half sit quietly for 30 min at 2:30 at their desks. To determine productivity, X examines log sheets to measure the number of sales each group made. In this study the experimental group is the _____, while the control group is the _________
- Anap group, quiet rest group
- Bquiet rest group, nap group
- Ctime of day, number of sales
- Dlog sheets, number of sales
73chip is doing a study on gift giving around the holidays. he finds that people who receive lots of gifts for their brithdays during childhood expect more gifts as adults. in order for chip to conclude a causal realtion, he still needs to establish which of the following?
- Acovariation
- Bcorrelation
- Ctemporal precedence
- Delimination of extraneous variables
74royale is a tatto artist. he believes that getting a tatton makes people become more outgoing, brave and confident. to test this, he finds 60 people who want to get a tatto and randomly gives half of them a tattoo on their shoulder blade, while the other half get a temporary tattoo in the same spot. Royale asks everyone to keep a daily diary that he will use o determine how outgoing, brave and confident participants have been over the next 3 months. Once the study is underway, Royale becomes worried that some of his participants were already outgoing and finds out that about a dozen already had tattos. Should royale be concerned?
- Ayes, if people were already outgoing, then a tatto cannot have any effect on them
- Byes, having people who already have tattoos ruins the whole premise of the study
- Cno, random asssignment should balance these types of differnces out between groups
- Dno, a dozen people isen't enough to worry about
75Pastora is a club promoter who was hired to increase profitability at the groove lounge. Pastora decides to make the lights even dimmer and have oild drums with dry ice to make the entire club foggy. She thinks these changes will lead to patrons to experience deindividuation, which will lead them to buy more food and drinks. As people leave the club at night, pastora asks every one demographic information, has them complete a deindividuation measure and a self esteem measure, and asks the club owner how much money was made each night. Which element of her study was included as a manipulation check?
- Athe deinviduation measure
- Bself esteem measure
- Cthe amount of money the club made
- Dthe numebr of dry ice blocks the club use each nights
76Dr X is doing a class demonstration where she has half of the class complete a series of 10 math problems, while the rest of the class completes a series of 10 analogies to determine which type of problem promotes greater alertness in her students. Once everyone is finished, she asks everyone in group 1 to report their current alertness level out loud. She then does the same for group 2. Which of the following is a problem with Dr X's design?
- AThere was a problem with indepednence such that the groups started out being different
- BThere was a problem with idependence such that individuals kenw their groups
- CParticipants were not mached up based on math and verbal ability
- DsoME pariticpants may be math or vocubulary geniuses
77As a speech pathologist, Flavia always wants to make sure her clients get the best treatment. One day a salesperson for a neurological diagnostic company comes to flavia's office to share information about the effectiveness of a new diagnostic tool for stuttering to be compared with the current leading technique. The bar chart comparing the two groups looks impressive, but flavia wants to see the statistical results. The appropiate statistic for comparing two group is a _____. In those number, if Flavia wants to know how big the difference is between the two diagnostic tools, she would focus on the _____
- At score, effect size
- Bpearon r, p level
- Cp level, pearson r
- Dt score, p level
78Arielle hypothesizes that the more often a mother interacts with her child, the less distressed the child will be when left with a stranger. This is an example of what type of hypothesis?
- Anondirectional
- Bdirectional
- Cnull
- Dcausal
79A confederate is:
- AA. an unknowing participant.
- BB. the researcher's collaborator from another university.
- CC. a participant who creates difficulty with a study and whose data must ultimately be removed before analyses.
- DD. an accomplice of the experimenter who helps to administer the study by pretending to act as a participant.
80Veronica was thrilled to discover that her experimental manipulation resulted in a significant difference between conditions. Now, she is interested in knowing about the magnitude of the difference between the groups. To determine this, she should look at which of the following?
- Ap value
- Bt value
- Ceffect size d
- Ddegrees of freedom
81Which test statistic is NOT characteristic of an experimental result?
- At value
- Bp value
- Cpearon r
- Deffect size d
82Research has shown that bad weather puts people in a bad mood. In this experiment, which variable must have occurred first in order to ensure temporal precedence?
- Agood mood
- Bbad mood
- Cbad weather
- Dgood weather
83Which of the following tests would have the greatest sensitivity to detect an effect?
- AA. a test with 50 questions
- BB. a test with 1 question
- CC. a test with 25 questions
- DD. a test with 5 questions
84For which of the following would an independent samples t-test be most appropriate?
- AA. investigating psychological adjustment following the loss of a loved one
- BB. examining the performance difference between participants who took a SAT preparation class and participants who did not
- CC. a cognitive study examining the difference in three different types of memory aids
- DD. examining whether one's astrological sign predicts well-being
85When asked to conduct an experiment for his Research Methods class, Santiago had 10 of his friends self-report on the frequency of their exposure to movie violence, as well as their typical level of aggression. Based on his results he concluded that watching violent movies causes people to be more aggressive. Santiago's teacher tells him that he has failed to conduct an experimental study. Why wouldn't this study be considered an experiment?
- AA. This study is unable to assess gender differences in aggression.
- BB. There is no control group.
- CC. Self-report measures are unreliable.
- DD. He fails to establish covariation, which is a criterion for causation.
86Luciana believes that practice makes perfect. To empirically test her belief, she conducts a study with two conditions. In one condition participants are asked to memorize a list of words after reviewing them only once. In another condition, they are asked to memorize a list of words, but are allowed to review them four times before being tested. If the results of her independent samples t-test revealed: t(50. = 5.07, p = .00, d = .73, what conclusion can she draw?
- AA. She is correct, practice does lead to better performance.
- BB. She is incorrect, practice does not lead to better performance.
- CC. She is incorrect, practice leads to worse performance.
- DD. There is no relationship between practice and performance.
87Which of the following represents a nondirectional hypothesis?
- AA. Professor Nils believes that bringing donuts to his class will have a negative impact on his course evaluations.
- BB. Professor Nils believes that bringing donuts to his class will have some type of impact on his course evaluations.
- CC. Professor Nils believes that bringing donuts to his class will not have an impact on his course evaluations.
- DD. Professor Nils believes that bringing donuts to his class will have a positive impact on his course evaluations.
88Kimberly wants to know whether running on a treadmill leads to more weight loss than running outside. To test this hypothesis, she randomly assigns participants to either run on a treadmill or run on an outdoor trail. She then measures their weight loss. Would it be appropriate for her to analyze her data using an independent samples t-test?
- AA. Yes, because this is a two-group experimental design.
- BB. No, because she is measuring a naturally occurring relationship.
- CC. No, because she fails to manipulate the independent variable.
- DD. Perhaps, but only if she has an adequate number of participants.
89Internal validity is a characteristic of which type of study?
- Acorrelations
- Bexperiments
- Cinterviews
- Dobservational studies
90The _____ hypothesis is the prediction that there will be no difference in the dependent variable across different levels of the independent variable.
- Aexperimental
- Bcontrol
- Ccontinous
- Dnull
91Which of the following is true about experimental results?
- AA. A large effect size means the study had no limitations.
- BB. A statistically significant finding means the study had no limitations.
- CC. Experimental results have greater external validity than nonexperimental results.
- DD. All experimental studies have limitations.
92If you were conducting an experiment examining the impact of sleep deprivation on physical ability, which of the following would be an appropriate operational definition of sleep deprivation?
- AA. getting more than 8 hours of sleep the night before the study
- BB. participants' self-reported amount of sleep the night before
- CC. being without sleep for more than 24 hours
- DD. the average amount of sleep Americans get in a given night
93If you were interested in empirically testing whether the saying, “More money, more problems” is true, which variable would you expect to see change first in order to establish temporal precedence?
- AA. money
- BB. neither, because money and problems are not related
- CC. neither, they would have to change at the same time
- DD. problems
94Riya is examining whether exposure to sunlight will minimize the depressive symptoms associated with seasonal affective disorder (SAD.. Her study design requires participants to sit outside in direct sunlight rather than use sunlamps because this gives her study more:
- AA. experimental control.
- BB. internal validity.
- CC. mundane realism.
- DD. statistical significance.
95If Dr. Ryan, a social psychologist, was investigating the relationship between temperature and participants' moods, an example of an extraneous variable would be:
- AA. how cold it is in the study room.
- BB. how hot it is in the study room.
- CC. the time of day the study takes place.
- DD. self-reports of how happy or sad one feels.
96Perhaps the most important information recorded in the researcher notes are the:
- AA. participant ID and condition assignment.
- BB. condition assignment and date of experiment.
- CC. researcher's name and participant ID.
- DD. date of experiment and researcher's name.
97Professor Carlson is interested in understanding whether uniform color impacts football players' performances. In his study, _____ is manipulated and _____ is measured.
- AA. performance; uniform color
- BB. uniform color; performance
- CC. uniform color; years of playing experience
- DD. performance; which team is playing
98Statistical significance is to magnitude as:
- AA. effect size is to p level.
- BB. t score is to degrees of freedom.
- CC. degrees of freedom is to t score.
- DD. p level is to effect size.
99Chris designed a study to test children's enjoyment of certain toys. He has a group of 120 children aged 5-7 play with one of the following toys: a jump rope, a remote control cat, a doll or a puzzle. The children then answer three questions about how much they liked the toy, enjoyed playing with it and would want to play with it again. How many levels does Chris's independent variables have?
- A4
- B3
- C120
- D1
100Rosie has a cold, so her mom gives her hot chicken soup with carrots, noodles, celery and broth. Rosie's mom explains that the broth will help her feel better. Which of the following is a potential confound in this study?
- ACarrots
- BNoodles
- CTemperature of the soup
- DAll of the above
101Carly wants to test the impact of music on time spent running. She plans on having paricipants listen to kanye west stronger and measuring how long they run on a treadmill. However, Carly wants to be sure it is not the actual song lyriics that lead to differences in running length. What control group would best address this concern?
- AA group that walks on the treadmill
- BA grop that reads the song lyrics instead of listening to the music
- CA group that listens to the music in stronger without the lyrics
- DA group that listens to a different kanye west song
102LeSean wants to help soldiers returning from overseas acclimate to their home life more easily upon their return by enrolling them in a 4 week life skills course. Since leSean has taken a research course, he knows he should establish a baseline by comparing those who take the course to those who have not. Which of the following best describes the type of group lesean should include?
- Abaseline group
- Bempty control group
- Ccontrol group
- Dplacebo group
103If we have a multigroup design with four groups, roughly how many participants do we need in order to be sure we have sufficient power?
- A30
- B40
- C120
- D150
104A fianncial planning agency wants to do a study on how exposure to large sums of money can influence decision making among their clients. During study planning, a member of the research team raises the concern that some of their clients routinely handle large sums of money. What is the best way to solve this issue?
- AAdd an empty control group to the research design
- BHave the experimenter assign participants to their condition
- CUse random selection to obtain a representative sample
- DUse random assignment to place participants into the different conditions
105Julio believes that drinking iced coffe before his russian literature class helps him learn the material better. To test this, he runs a study where participants are randomly assigned to either drink iced coffe prepared just how Julio likes it, with 2% milk and 3 packets of sugal, while the other group drinks ice water with 3 packets of sugar mixed in Which of the following is a confound?
- Athe packets of sugar
- Bthe 2% milk
- Cthe ice in the drink
- Dall of the above
106Several research assistant are talking in the judgment and decision making lab about why their most recent study did not work. The most senior research assistant explains to the others that the study had adequate power. What is the best explanation for what the senior research assitant means?
- AThe study had enough participants
- BThe study was able to find a difference if one was actually present
- CThe study had sufficient reliability and validty
- DThe indepednent variable had a strong effect on the dependent variable
107Florentine wants to determine if males or females are more likely to choose to wear mittens or gloves when it is cold outside. To answer her question, she conducts a phone surve of 400 men and women from across the country and asks them their preference. To answer her original question, which statistical test is most appropiate?
- Aonw way ANOVA
- Btwo way ANOVA
- Cchi square test of independence
- Dcorrelation
108two first-year students, mary kate and ashley, are out at a party. knowing that they are underage, the host of the party gives them both nonalcoholic dirnks. mary kate knows the dirnk does not contain alcohol, but ashley believes there is alcohol in the drink. after they each consume three of these drinks, both mary kate and ashley proceed to act drunk. in this scenario, mary-kate's behavior is most likely due to _____; while ashleys behavior is most likely due to______
- Asocial desirability, social desirability
- Bplacebo effect, placebo effect
- Cplacebo effect, social desirability
- Dsocial desirability, placebo effect
109Dr. Wadsworth used census data to estimate the number of individuals who would meet criteria for participation in his study examining single-parent families receiving federal assistance with a mother currently seeking higher education and two-parent households receiving federal assistance with either parent currently seeking higher education. Dr. Wadsworth expects 54 males and 72 females in his single-parent family group and 32 males and 44 females in his two-parent family group. Dr. Wadsworth wants to make sure the distribution is not significant different among the groups. Dr. Wadsworth needs to conduct a(n):
- AA. chi-square test of independence.
- BB. one-way ANOVA.
- CC. independent samples t test.
- DD. multiple regression.
110Warren randomly assigned 60 participants to describe a positive childhood memory, a negative childhood memory, or a neutral childhood memory and then complete a mood questionnaire. Warrens wants the overall differences between groups. Which statistic is appropriate to use?
- AA. a one-way ANOVA
- BB. post-hoc tests
- CC. independent samples t test
- DD. planned contrast
111Dr. Schubert noted the following results: F(2, 94) = .72, p = .02, eta2 = .30. Which of the following numbers represents between-subjects degrees of freedom in this results write-up?
- A2
- B94
- C30
- D72
112Dr. Pinner is interested in studying the association between likeability and popularity and plans on using two groups and three levels of the independent variable. Dr. Pinner is likely to find:
- AA. a polynomial regression.
- BB. a quadratic function.
- CC. a linear relationship.
- DD. a functional relationship.
113Dr. Dupuis has been conducting the same study for multiple years in a row, but never seems to yield enough power to make any predictions based on the study results. Dr. Dupuis has seven experimental conditions based on treatment modalities for personality disorders. What is the total minimum number of participants Dr. Dupuis would need in order to yield adequate power?
- A180
- B210
- C420
- D360
114The results of a one-way ANOVA suggest that the participants' fear response was differentially effected depending on their respective condition: spiders (M = 44; SD = 4.20), snakes (M = 62; SD = 7.1), and dogs (M = 21; SD = 2.20). There was a significant difference F (2, 92. = .67, p = .03). Based on this information what was the F score?
- A7.1
- B2.20
- C.67
- D4.20
115Deandre is new teacher at a local elementary school. He decides to conduct a brief study testing the fifth graders knowledge of science at the beginning of the school year and at the end of the school year. He will randomly assign students to either a “hands-on” science group that does experiments with each lesson plan or to a “video” science group that assigns videos and online tutorials in support of the science lesson plans. Based on this information which of the following would be considered the dependent variable (DV)?
- AA. pretest and posttest of science knowledge
- BB. gender of fifth graders
- CC. type of science group
- DD. age of the fifth graders
116Tarzanna is writing a research report and has to discuss disadvantages of self-report measures. Which of the following would be correct for Tarzanna to note?
- AA. Self-report measures are susceptible to social desirability response biases.
- BB. Self-report measures have high internal reliability consistencies.
- CC. Self-report measures permit participants to report their own responses.
- DD. Self-report measures are not susceptible to social desirability response biases.
117Dr. Trudeau is in the process of a developing a(n) _____ to help standardize participants' experiences and assist researchers in systematically providing instructions to participants.
- AA. clinical trial
- BB. protocol
- CC. adaptive clinical trial
- DD. condition
118Dr. Meek is interested in examining all possible combinations of conditions in his study examining obedience to authority for different generations. His initial analyses yielded significant results. Dr. Meek is interested in:
- AA. planned contrasts.
- BB. paired samples t test.
- CC. post-hoc analyses.
- DD. independent samples t test.
119Ramona includes multiple distractor questions in the questionnaire she is developing about relationship satisfaction. These distractor questions are to help counteract:
- Arandom error
- Bsocial desirability
- Cdemand characteristics
- Dhypothesis guessing
120One of the most main goals of a research study is to make all efforts to:
- Adecrease the sample size
- Bincrease power
- Cdecrease effect size
- Ddecrease p
121Warren randomly assigned 60 participants to describe a positive childhood memory, a negative childhood memory, or a neutral childhood memory and then complete a mood questionnaire. Warrens wants to compare the “neutral condition” with the other two conditions. Which statistic is appropriate to use?
- AA. independent samples t test
- BB. a one-way ANOVA
- CC. post-hoc tests
- DD. planned contrast
122Which of the following is the appropriate sequence of steps in carrying out a study?
- AA. complete dependent measures, proceed with manipulation, obtain informed consent
- BB. proceed with manipulation, obtain informed consent, complete dependent measures
- CC. obtain informed consent, proceed with manipulation, complete dependent measures
- DD. complete dependent measures, obtain informed consent, proceed with manipulation
123Dr. Pantoja conducted a chi-square test of independence between conditions to determine if the distribution among 175 participants was as expected. Dr. Pantoja was studying sleep cycles for various age groups with and without sleep apnea. Dr. Pantoja's results did not yield a significant result. Which of the following would be the most accurate results write-up for a chi-square test of independence?
- AA. X2 (3, 175) = 11.83, p = .01, eta2 = .22
- BB. F(3, 200) = 11.83, p = .42, eta2 = .02
- CC. d(3, 175) = 11.83, p = .01
- DD. X2(3, 175) = 11.83, p = .55, ᶲ = .30
124Knowing what you know about sample bias, which would be the best and most representative sample to address the following research question: Does an individual's geographic origin and age affect their political affiliations?
- AA. a random sample of residents from six southern states and six western states between the ages of 18 and 99 years
- BB. a sample of residents in Vermont between the ages of 18 years and 65 years
- CC. a random sample of residents from each state in the United States between the ages of 18 years and 99 years
- DD. a sample of residents in Alabama between the ages of 18 years and 45 years
125Dr. Herrin was lecturing to his students about random assignment and noted that random assignment is integral to reduce _____ before a study begins.
- AA. random error
- BB. systematic error
- CC. regression to the mean
- DD. power
126Dr. Lumen's recent findings support the notion that his null hypothesis is false. This would suggest that Dr. Lumen's study:
- AA. had an absence of power.
- BB. had a low degree of power.
- CC. had a moderate to high degree of power.
- DD. did not yield any significant results.
127Dr. Cullen and Dr. Rosen are having a debate on the inclusion of distractor items on the follow-up questionnaire following the completion of their experimental drug study. Dr. Cullen insists that distractor questions are extremely useful in:
- AA. exaggerating hypothesis-guessing and demand characteristics.
- BB. minimizing hypothesis-guessing and confounds.
- CC. exaggerating social desirability responding and demand characteristics.
- DD. minimizing hypothesis-guessing and demand characteristics.
128Mr. McGrew is interested in the various types of butterflies throughout the United States. He is most interested in the differences among butterflies with origins in New England, the gulf states, the midwestern states, and the western states. Mr. McGrew is using a:
- Acase study
- Bfactorial
- Cmatched pair
- Dmultigroup
129Which of the following best addresses the nature of the threat to internal validity that is caused by maturation?
- AA. an unexpected or unrelated event occurring during the study that could influence responses
- BB. changes in how variable is measured during the course of the study
- CC. physiological changes occurring in participants during the course of the study
- DD. the differential dropping out of the participants from a study
130What would be the most likely threat to internal validity for adult's anxiety and depression scores during the decade of 1929–1939, known for the stock market crash?
- Ainstrumentation
- Bsensitization effect
- Chistory
- Dtesting effect
131Dr. Bauer is concerned that the changes in his participant's responses are due to their exposure to the sleep induction instrument and has nothing to do with their actual sleep disorder. Dr. Bauer is concerned about:
- Apractice effects
- Bmaturation
- Corder effects
- Dhistory
132Benedict is interested in evaluating whether participants' anxiety scores significantly differ across the seasons (fall, winter, spring, and summer.. Benedict would use _____ to test this research question.
- AA. a t-test for dependent means
- BB. a chi-square test of independence
- CC. an independent samples t-test
- DD. a repeated-measures analysis of variance
133Participants reported at 6:00AM to the research lab for extra credit participation in a research study. Participants stayed in the research lab until 10:00PM with only two 15-minute breaks. The researchers should be most concerned with:
- Amaturation
- Bpractice effects
- Corder effects
- Dfatigue effects
134Dr. Croft studies the relation between political affiliations, personality traits, educational attainment, and financial wealth. She recruited participants in the local area between the ages of 25 years and 55 years. During Dr. Croft's study the United States economy crashed and the dollar lost most of its value. This was a huge economic change for the entire country. What should Dr. Croft be most concerned with when reviewing her data prior to the crash and after the economic crash?
- Amortality
- Bhistory
- Cmasturation
- Dtesting effects and maturation
135There are many methods to control for retrospective bias, but the most preferred method by researchers is to have participants:
- AA. avoid dropping out.
- BB. obtain baseline data.
- CC. keep a behavior diary.
- DD. include pretest and posttest measures.
136Why is a repeated-measures design considered a within-subjects design?
- AA. Participants are measured on the dependent variable after exposure to each level of the independent variable.
- BB. Participants are repeatedly measured on the dependent variable over time.
- CC. Fewer research participants are needed for adequate statistical power.
- DD. Participants are measured twice, once at the beginning of the study and once at the end of the study.
137William has been having a great deal of trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. He is currently under the treatment of a sleep doctor. His doctor said he needed more data to determine an appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan. William's doctor would most likely request:
- AA. a repeated measures design.
- BB. the use of a behavioral diary.
- CC. a quasi-experimental design.
- DD. a pretest-posttest design.
138Why is a longitudinal design considered a within-subjects design?
- AA. Participants are measured twice, once at the beginning of the study and once at the end of the study.
- BB. Fewer research participants are needed for adequate statistical power.
- CC. Participants are measured on the dependent variable after exposure to each level of the independent variable.
- DD. Participants are repeatedly measured on the dependent variable over time.
139Forty 9-year-olds were read the same book by their parents every night for one month. The 9-year-olds were tested about the book after the first reading, and then every week thereafter. They were asked to name characters and describe different parts of the books, as well as read passages of the book for themselves. The researchers saw drastic improvement in their skills with this particular book so the performed the same experiment again, but this time they changed the book after a week and asked the same questions. They did not see the same type of improvement as in the initial study. What was the most likely occurring during the initial study?
- Aattrition
- Bhistory
- Cinstrumentation
- Dtesting effect
140Dr. Hasimoto lectured on the differences between within-subjects designs and between-subjects designs and noted that a within-subjects design enhances the power of studies because:
- AA. it increases individual differences between conditions.
- BB. it reduces issues with individual differences between conditions.
- CC. random assignment is used.
- DD. of attrition throughout the study.
141Dr. Gustaf is known for his research in romantic partnerships and physical attractiveness. He recently decided to develop a new research study in which he has couples in different stages of their relationships (just met, recently dating, long-term relationship, newly engaged, newly married, married for more than five years, married for more than 10 years. monitor how physically attracted they are to their partner after implementation of different relationship assignments. Dr. Gustaf's research would best be addressed by using what type of design?
- AA. pretest-posttest design
- BB. mixed model design
- CC. mixed factorial design
- DD. repeated-measures design
142What would be the most likely threat to internal validity for children's depression scores on June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day?
- Atesting effect
- Binstrumentation
- Csensitization effect
- Dhistory
143A seventh-grade world cultures class visited New York City on September 11, 2000, and then completed a survey regarding their mood, interest in the city, and cultural differences between the United States and the Middle East. The next year the following seventh grade class visited New York City on September 11, 2001. The students were present during the September 11th attacks and witnessed all of the chaos and terror in the city. When the students safely made it back to school they were asked to complete the same surveys that the students last year did. When considering the data from the current seventh-grade class what should the teacher be most concerned with?
- Ahistory
- Btesting effects
- Cmortality
- Dmaturation
144Sixth graders were a part of a study examining analytical reasoning in solving puzzles in October. They were then asked to be a part of a completely different study in March that also tested their analytical skills in solving word problems. The researcher in the most recent study was very surprised at how developed their analytical skills were. This is most likely due to:
- AA. carryover effects.
- BB. practice effects.
- CC. sensitization effects.
- DD. fatigue effects.
145Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding repeated-measure research designs?
- AA. Repeated-measure designs are considered counterbalanced designs.
- BB. Repeated-measure designs are considered within-subjects designs.
- CC. Repeated-measure designs are considered between-subjects designs.
- DD. Repeated-measure designs are considered mixed factorial designs.
146Dr. Pullman had an overwhelming number of freshmen sign up for his study once he offered extra credit. He was asking students to be hooked up to an EEG machine as well as to experience a low-voltage shock when they answered questions incorrectly. The participants had to return to the lab on three occasions in order to gain enough data to answer Dr. Pullman's hypotheses. After the first full round of participation, Dr. Pullman was told by the administration that he could not offer extra credit for participation in his experiment, so he had to remove the offer of extra credit. What should Dr. Pullman be concerned with?
- Ahistory
- Bmortality
- Ctesting effects and maturation
- Dmaturation
147Which of the following best addresses the nature of the threat to internal validity that is caused by history?
- AA. the differential dropping out of the participants from a study
- BB. physiological changes occurring in participants during the course of the study
- CC. changes in how variable is measured during the course of the study
- DD. an unexpected or unrelated event occurring during the study that could influence responses
148Unlike within-subjects designs, between-subjects designs use:
- Adifferent measures
- Bsame measures
- Csame participants
- Ddifferent participants
149Study interactions permit researchers to mimic the complexity of real life, which also tends to:
- AA. mimic controlled laboratory settings.
- BB. increase ecological validity.
- CC. increase internal validity.
- DD. increase experimental control.
150Dr. Raqui computed a two-way factorial analysis of variance with types of aggression (relational or overt) and the type of communication method (email, phone, or in-person) as the independent variables and level of self-esteem as the dependent variable. The relational aggression main effect was significant, F(1, 222) = 4.2, p = .001, eta2 = .031. Which of the following would best represent the factorial design?
- AA. 2 × 2 mixed design
- BB. 2 × 2 hybrid design
- CC. 2 × 3 hybrid design
- DD. 2 × 3 factorial design
151In a factorial design W × Y, the W represents the:
- AA. first independent variable.
- BB. second independent variable.
- CC. the sum of the variables.
- DD. dependent variable.
152Dr. Khan examined two different independent variables, specifically types of aggression and birth order. Dr. Khan looked at relational and overt aggression, as well as first borns, second borns, middle borns, and multiples. What type of factorial design does that describe?
- A2x3x3
- B2x4
- C2x3x4
- D2x2
153In a 5 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment, you have _____independent variables and potentially _____ main effect hypotheses.
- A3,2
- B5,5
- C2,2
- D3,5
154Dr. Carlson is examining how the consumption of LSD and individual's body temperatures influences the individual's interest in physical contact. In this particular research scenario which are the two independent variables?
- AA. physical contact
- BB. consumption of LSD and body temperature
- CC. dance abilities
- DD. motor coordination
155Dr. Clark was lecturing to his statistics course and noted a common misconception about factorial design. He stated that it is very important to remember that main effect and interaction effect hypotheses are _____ each other.
- Aequivalent to
- Bnot dependent on
- Ccontingent upon
- Ddependent on
156A research confederate is:
- AA. someone who tells the participants what the purpose of the study is and that they work for the researcher.
- BB. someone who tells the participants what to do in a study.
- CC. someone who is aware of the research protocol and is feigning a role in the experiment.
- DD. someone who is unaware of the research protocol and purpose of the research study.
157If a factorial design is set up to be a within-subjects design then:
- AA. different participants are exposed to one independent variable.
- BB. each participant is only exposed to one independent variable.
- CC. each participant is exposed to both independent variables at all levels.
- DD. different participants are exposed to both independent variables.
158Dr. Raqui computed a two-way factorial analysis of variance with types of aggression (relational or overt. and the type of communication method (email, phone, or in-person. as the independent variables and level of self-esteem as the dependent variable. The relational aggression main effect was significant, F(1, 222) = 4.2, p = .001, eta2 = .031. Which of the following represents the F score?
- A222
- B.001
- C.031
- D4.2
159Dr. Lim identified three independent variables of interest: hair color, career, and eye color. Dr. Lim decided to only use red-haired and blond-haired participants, as well as only doctors, lawyers, and politicians in his study. He also was only interested in hazel-, blue-, and green-eyed individuals. What type of factorial design does that describe?
- A2x3x4
- B2x4
- C2x2
- D2x3x3
160Researchers in a 2009 study assessed whether participants were accurate in their ability to assess romantic interest by having males and females watch short video clips of couples during a date. The video clips depicted German speaking couples. Participants viewed 10s or 30s video clips and either at the beginning, middle, or end of the date. What type of factorial design is this scenario?
- A2x2
- B2x5
- C2x3
- D2x4
161In a factorial design where one of the independent variables is a quasi-independent variable the design is considered a:
- Alatin square design
- Bmixed design
- Chybrid design
- Dquasi experimental design
162Dr. McKay is training research confederates and is reviewing the list of skills that are necessary to be a successful and well-trained research confederate. All of the following are important skills, EXCEPT:
- AA. treats all participants the same.
- BB. has knowledge of the research hypothesis.
- CC. comfortable taking on multiple roles.
- DD. familiar with research principles.
163When using multiple raters in an experiment is it important that the researchers assess the _____ before determining if the study was adequately conducted and finished.
- Aeffect size
- Binter rater reliability
- Cinternal validity
- Dinternal consistency coefficient
164When Dr. Wheeler was training the raters for his experiment he stressed multiple times that they needed to rate the videos:
- AA. together.
- BB. and then discuss their ratings.
- CC. without referring to protocol.
- DD. independently.
165In a factorial design, the number of independent variables indicates the number of potential main effect hypotheses, and there are as many interaction effect hypotheses as:
- AA. you have combinations of main effects.
- BB. you have combinations of levels of dependent variables.
- CC. you have combinations of dependent variables.
- DD. you have combinations of independent variables.
166In a 3 × 2 × 3 × 5 factorial design there are how many independent variables?
- A1
- B2
- C4
- D3
167Dr. Tedoro designed a study to examine the influence of social media on self-esteem. In his study, he gave participants a social media post (Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. and a 1-minute video clip (positive, negative, or neutral. to watch. Each participant only receives one combination. Which of the following accurately describes this design?
- AA. 3 × 3 factorial design
- BB. 2 × 3 mixed design
- CC. 2 × 2 hybrid design
- DD. 3 × 4 factorial design
168In a 5 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 4 × 4 factorial design there are how many independent variables?
- A8
- B6
- C4
- D2
169Berthany is interested in the types of stressor students tend toe xperience during their first year in college. She has fsix first year students download a special app to their smatphone. When the app's alarm goes off, the students are supposed to stop and aswer a few questions that appear on their smarphone concerning what they are doing at that moment and the level of stress they are currently experiencing. The students do this several times a day for one week. Berthany is using a ____ to study her research question
- Awithin subjects
- Bpretest posttest
- Cbehavioral diary
- Dlongitudinal study
170A professor wants to assess the impact that a newly developed first year seminar has on the academic perseverance and motivation of new first year students. The professor mesures first year students academic perseverance and motivation on the first day of class an again on the last day of class. which of the following is an obvious threat to the internal validtiy of this prestest-posttest study?
- Aattrition
- Bmaturation
- Ctesting effects
- Dinstrumentation
171a professor notices that students who had her for one course tend to do better in subsequent courses they take with her. which of the following order effecs is most likely not a possible reson for this finding?
- Asensitization effect
- Bpractice effect
- Ccarryover effect
- Dfatigue effect
172deception might be a useful strategy for minimizing which of the following potential order effects in a repeated measures design?
- Afatigue effects
- Bsensitization effects
- Ccarryover effects
- Dpractice effects
173dixie wants to compare the persuasiveness of three different television commercials using a repeated measures design. to control for potential order effects, she should
- Agive the participants practice using rating scale before starting the study
- Buse a latin square design
- Cimplement complete counterbalancing using random assignment
- Dkeep the commercials short to reduce potential fatigue effects
174which of the following is an unethical practice when running a research participant pool?
- Arequiring students who miss a study appointment to actually participate in that experiment at a later time as a penalty
- Boffering students a choice of studies for which they can volunteer
- Cproviding students with alternative ways for satisfying a course reach requirement
- Dpermitting students to earn their research credit even if they refuse to complete the study
175a professor wants to know if students tend to earn the same grades on all three exams in his class. he enters all of the student's exams scores into a spreadsheet. which statistic should the professor use to answer this question?
- Aa t test for independent means
- Ba t test for dependent means
- Ca one way ANOVA
- Da repeated measures ANOVA
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- Quiz on Research methods 2, created by Cruz Martínez on 19/12/2016.
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- Cruz Martínez
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