11340907
Description
Flashcards by Zita Wormuth, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Zita Wormuth
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is DNA? | Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a molecule found in all organisms and is found in the nucleus of each cell. It contains genetic material |
| What are histones? | Proteins which DNA strands are bound to |
| What is chromatin? | A tangled network made of coiled DNA |
| What are chromosomes? | One of the 46 rod-like structures that appear in the nucleus of a human cell during cell division |
| What is a gene? | A factor that determines a hereditary characteristic - part of a chromosome |
| What is genetic code? | The information stored in DNA molecules |
| What are the four DNA bases called? | 1. Adenine 2. Thymine 3. Guanine 4. Cytosine |
| Which bases pair with each other? | Adenine & Thymine Guanine & Cytosine |
| What is DNA replication? | When DNA forms exact replicas of themselves |
| What is transcription? | The process by which mRNA is formed using the code in a DNA molecule. Genetic instructions are copied from DNA to mRNA moluecule. RNA have base Uracil (U) instead of Thymine |
| What is translation? | The production of protein using the information that is coded in the mRNA molecule (to study more in depth on transcription & translation visit https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itsb2SqR-R0&list=PLGPCLjlsW_hbBnT6susRphGQuSkV5rhY1 |
| What is mitochondrial DNA? | DNA found in the mitochondria |
| What is messenger RNA (mRNA)? | RNA molecule that carries the code for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes where the protein is made |
| What is transfer RNA (tRNA)? | A small RNA molecule that transfers the correct amino acid to the ribosome for inclusion in the protein molecule being made |
| What are epigenetics? | Altering expression of a gene without changing the gene structure |
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