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Description
Flashcards by E.M. Flood, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by E.M. Flood
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What do nuclei do? | Contain cell's DNA, which has "coded" instructions for making proteins & other important molecules |
| What do ribosomes do? | Assemble/make proteins by following instructions from DNA |
| What does rough endoplasmic reticulum do? | Aids in the synthesis of proteins |
| What does the cell membrane do? | Regulates what enters & leaves the cell & protects & supports the cell |
| What do the mitochondria do? | Convert food's chemicals energy into compounds the cell can more easily use |
| What do chloroplasts do? | Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food in a process called photosynthesis |
| What does the cell wall do? | Support, shape, & protect the cell |
| What are some differences between prokaryotic cell organelles and general eukaryotic cell organelles? | Prokaryotic: Don't have DNA in the nucleus, chemical reactions in cytoplasm instead of mitochondria Eukaryotic: Nucleus, Vacuoles, Centrioles, ER, Golgi apparatus, Chloroplasts |
| What are some similarities between prokaryotic cell organelles and general eukaryotic cell organelles? | Ribosomes, cell wall, cell membrane, DNA, cytoskeleton |
| What are some differences between animal cell organelles and plant cell organelles? | Animal: centrioles, flagellum Plant: Chloroplasts, cell wall, large vacuoles |
| What are some similarities between animal cell organelles and plant cell organelles? | Nucleus, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, ER, cell membrane, mitochondria, golgi apparatus |
| Define phospholipid heads | Hydrophilic part exposed to outside of cell |
| Define phospholipid tails | Hydrophobic part formed of fatty acids that forms the oily membrane inside, keeping water out |
| Define cholestrol | Keeps phospholipids from locking together |
| Define proteins | Helps things move across the membrane |
| Define carbohydrate chains | Helps cells "talk" & identify each other |
| All living things _____. | are made up of cells |
| Cells are the _____. | basic units & function in living things |
| New cells _____. | are produced from existing cells |
| What are organelles? | "Little organs" in cells that help them survive |
| What is cytoplasm? | The liquidy goop inside cells |
| Mitochondria and chloroplasts have _____, separate from the nucleus! | their own DNA |
| What is the solute? | Molecule being dissolved |
| What is the solvent? | Molecules doing the dissolving |
| What is the solution? | The solvent and solute together |
| What is diffusion? | Random movement of particles from high to low concentration |
| What is a concentration gradient? | uneven distribution of solute |
| _____ only occurs if there is a _____. | Diffusion; concentration gradient |
| Diffusion does not take any _____ to happen. | Added sugar |
| Diffusion will continue until _____ is reached. | equilibrium |
| What is simple diffusion? | When small, hydrophobic molecules can go right through the phospholipid bilayer |
| What is facilitated diffusion? | When bigger, hydrophilic molecules needs to use a protein in the membrane to go through |
| What is osmosis? | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane - important in cells! |
| What is isotonic solution? | Same concentration of solute inside & outside of cells, and nothing happens |
| What is hypertonic solution? | Higher concentration of solute outside of cell than inside, causing the cell to shrink |
| What is hyptonic solution? | Lower concentration of solute ouside the cell than inside, causing the cell to inflate |
| What is active transport? | Goes against the concentration gradient. Therefore, needs energy to pump molecules across the cell membrane, as well as membrane proteins |
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