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| Question | Answer |
| Definition of Agar | Substance used to make jelly on which bacteria can grow |
| Definition of Alkanes | A family of hydrocarbons C(n)H(2n+2) with single covalent bonds - found in crude oil |
| Definition of Alkene | A family of hydrocarbons C(n)H(2n) with double covalent bonds (c=c), for example ethane (CnH4) |
| Definition of Alloy | mixture of two or more metals, with useful properties different from individual metals |
| Definition of Anode | A positive elctrode |
| Definition of Antibiotic | A therapeutic drug acting to kill bacteria which is taken into the body |
| Definition of Antibiotic resistance | The ability of bacteria to survive in the presence of an antibiotic |
| Definition of antiseptic | A substance that kills pathogens |
| Definition of Aqueous solution | Substance dissolved in water |
| Definition of atmosphere | Thin layer of gas surrounding the planet |
| Definition of atom | The "building block" of an element that cannot be chemically broken down |
| Definition of atomic number | Number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Definition of biodegradable | Can be broken down by microorganisms |
| Definition of biofuels | fuel such as wood, ethanol or biodiesel - obtained from living plants or animals |
| Definition of blast furnace | Furnace for extracting iron from iron ore |
| Definition of brass | Alloy of copper and zinc |
| Definition of bronze | Alloy of copper and tin |
| Definition of calcium carbonate | CaCO3 - limestone |
| Definition of carbon cycle | The way in which carbon atoms pass between living organisms and their enviroment |
| Definition of catalytic cracking | cracking hydrocarbons by heating in the presence of a catalyst |
| Definition of combustion | Process where substances react with oxygen, releasing heat |
| Definition of continental drift | Movement of continents relative to each other |
| Definition of continental plate | tectonic plate carrying large landmass |
| Definition of convection current | When particles in a liquid or gas gain energy from a warmer region and move into cooler regions, being replaced by cooler liquid or gas |
| Definition of the earths core | Layer in the centre of the Earth , consisting of a solid inner core and molten outer core |
| Definition of covalent bond | Bond between atoms (non-metals) in which some of the electrons are shared |
| Definition of cracking | Oil refinery process that breaks down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones |
| Definition of crust | Surface layer of Earth made up of tectonic plates |
| Definition of distillation | Process for separating liquids by boiling them, then condensing the vapours |
| Definition of double covalent bond | 2 covalent bonds between the same pair of atoms - each atom shares two of its own electrons plus 2 from the other atom |
| Definition of electrode | Solid electrical conductors through which the current passes into and out of the liquid during electrolysis |
| Definition of electrolysis | Decomposing and ionic compound by passing an electric current through it while molten or in a solution |
| Definition of ethanol | An alcohol that can be made from sugar and used as fuel |
| Definition of greenhouse gas | A gas such as carbon dioxide that reduces that amount of heat escaping the Earth to Space, contributing to global warming |
| Definition of hydrocarbon | Compound containing only carbon and hydrogen |
| Definition of hydrophilic | Attracted to water not oil |
| Definition of hydrophobic | Attracted to oil but not water |
| Definition of ion | Atoms with a charge |
| Definition of ionic bond | Chemical bond: sharing electrons between non-metal and metals |
| Definition of limewater | Calcium hydroxide solution |
| Definition of mass number | number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Definition of methane | CH4 - hydrocarbon |
| Definition of molecule | 2 or more atoms held together with a covalent bond |
| Definition of monomers | Small molecules that become chemically bonded to each other to form a polymer chain |
| Definition of poly(ethene) | Plastic polymer made from ethene gas |
| Definition of polymer | Large molecule made up of chains of monomers |
| Definition of proton | Small positive particle found in the nucleus |
| Definition of saturated hydrocarbon | hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds |
| Definition of slag | Waste material produced during smelting of a metal - contains impurities from the ore |
| Definition of smelting | Extracting metal from an ore by reduction with carbon - heating ore and carbon in a furnace |
| Definition of steam cracking | Cracking hydrocarbons by mixing with steam and heating |
| Definition of steam distillation | Process of blowing steam through a mixture to vaporise volatile substances - used to extract essential oils from flowers |
| Definition of U-value | A measure of how easily energy is transferred through a material as heat |
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