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| Question | Answer |
| Organic matter _________ slowly in the cold, ________ _____ on the forest floor | Decomposes ; Building Up |
| Fires during summer droughts can burn through the forest floor for _______ or ________ | Months ; Years |
| Conifers that can withstand winter freezes grow in the _______ _______ | Boreal Forest |
| Tundras above ____ latitude no longer feature trees | 65° |
| The topsoil ________ in winter and _______ in summer | Freezes ; Thaws |
| A permanently frozen layer of soil called ___________ chills the topsoil, limiting plant and microbe growth | Permafrost |
| Simple short vegetation including _______, ______, _______, and _______ grow here | Sedges ; Grasses ; Forbs ; Shrubs |
| Tundras occur in the ______ and the ________ _________ | Arctic ; Antarctic Peninsula |
| The order of biomes from the equator to higher latitudes is | Tropical Forests Hot Deserts Deciduous Forests Boreal Forests Tundra |
| The ______ of a species marks the areas where it is found | Range |
| The dispersal of _________ within that range depends on ________ ________ | Individual ; Resource Availability |
| The set of optimal conditions for a niche species in its environment determined by natural selection describes a species ________ ________ | Ecological Niche |
| The fixed geological area where an organism can most easily grow and reproduce describes an organisms __________ __________ | Fundamental Niche |
| The actual range of individuals within its fundamental niche describes an organisms _______ ______ | Realized Niche |
| _________ _________ drives the evolution of populations over time | Natural Selection |
| Natural Selection ensures the transmission of traits _________ for the organism’s ________ to future generations | Favorable ; |
| Over time, a species will _______ more and more from its ancestors as it _______ to its environment | Differ ; Environment |
| An organism's ___________ involve responses to the ___________ of a particular environment | Adaptations ; Challenges |
| Evolution involves changes in an organism’s ________ _________ | Genetic Information |
| Genetic information is stored as _______________ ______, also know as _____ | Deoxyribonucleic Acid ; DNA |
| DNA stores instructions for the creation of ________ by the body | Proteins |
| Every gene has _____ ____ _____ that code for different forms of a protein | 2 or More |
| Each form of a specific gene is called an allele | Allele |
| In _________ __________, the offspring receives one set of alleles from the mother and one set from the father | Sexual Reproduction |
| The specific combination of alleles in an organism comprises its _________ | Genotype |
| Alleles code physical features called the phenotype | Phenotype |
| _______ __________ in a population will shift as alleles that produce useful adaptations are passed on | Allelic Frequencies |
| Charles Darwin described the causes of natural selection in his book : ____ _______ ___ ________ | The Origin of Species |
| ________ variations must exist among the individuals of the species | Heritable |
| Genetic variations affect the _______ and reproduction rates of the individuals | Survival ; Reproduction |
| ________ ________ involve a population’s interactions with each other | Population Dynamics |
| Population Dynamics determine the population ______ and ___________ | Size ; Abundance |
| Population size measures the ________ of organisms Population abundance measures the _________ of individuals | Amount ; Density |
| ________ ________, ________ ________, and ___________ ___________ all alter population size | Resource Availability ; Organism Movement ; |
| A patchy, disconnected habitat limits population ________ | Dispersal |
| _________ whales might travel ____ ________ kilometers to reach their breeding grounds | Migratory ; Ten Thousand |
| Only one mammal, the _____ ____, has been able to disperse to Hawaii | Hoary Bat |
| ________ ________ determines the type of population distribution | Resource Availability |
| Natural populations with patchy habitats typically form _______ ____________ in a metapopulation | Clumped Distributions ; Metapopulation |
| Occasional _________ and _________ occur between the subpopulations of a metapopulation | Migrations ; Interactions |
| _____ and _____ _____ control population size and abundance in the subpopulations | Birth, Death ; Rates |
| The metapopulation’s size depends on the balance between ___________ __________ and the ___________ of new patches of habitat | Subpopulation Extinctions ; Colonization |
| The proportions of each age group in a population forms its _____ _________ | Age Structure |
| _________ birth and survival rates at each age level creates stable growth | Constant |
| Carefully altering _______ _______ at each age level can manage population size | Survival Rates |
| A population with many young individuals will ______, while a population with many old individuals will likely ______ | Grow ; Decline |
| Kenya, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia are countries experiencing ______ growth | Rapid |
| The United States, Australia, and Canada are countries experiencing ______ growth | Slow |
| Denmark, Austria, and Italy are countries experiencing ______ growth | Zero |
| Germany, Hungary, and Bulgaria are countries experiencing ________ growth | Negative |
| Population growth follows _________ patterns | Predictable |
| Populations that reproduce in fixed intervals, such as annual plants, grow ____________ | Geometrically |
| Populations, such as India's at the moment, that reproduce constantly, grow ____________ | Exponentially |
| The _______ most populated nation, India had over _________ people in 2014 | Second ; 1.25 Billion |
| More than half of the population of India is under ____ years old | 25 |
| India has a high annual population growth rate of ______ percent | 1.41 |
| By ______, India will be the world’s most populated country | 2028 |
| As the population grows to the maximum number of individuals the environment can support, population growth rates decrease in _________ _______ | Logistic Growth |
| The maximum number of individuals an environment can support is called the _______ ________ | Carrying Capacity |
| Carrying capacity depends on ________ ________ | Resource Availability |
| Many factors limit population _____ and prevent _______ growth | Size ; Unlimited |
| Density independent factors limit population growth regardless of _____ | Size |
| Extreme conditions like hurricanes, fires, and floods are examples of ________ ________ ________ | Density Independent Factors |
| _________ _________ factors impact the growth rate in proportion to the size of the population | Density Dependent |
| Competition, crowding, disease, and stress have more impact in _______ ___________ sizes | Higher Population |
| Density dependent factors tend to promote _______ at low population sizes | Growth |
| Density dependent factors limit growth when the population size nears the _________ _________ | Carrying Capacity |
| __________ interactions occur between members of the same species | Intraspecific |
| _________ _________ cause competition and stress, which are density dependent factors | Resource Limitations |
| Animals develop _______ and _______, while plant _______ and _______ production decreases | Diseases, Parasites ; Growth, Seed |
| __________ interactions occur between individuals of different species | Interspecific |
| Resource limitations decrease the ________ ______ of all individuals in the species, potentially leading to ________ | Survival Rate ; Extinction |
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