Ch 1: Introduction

Matter
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
4. Plasma
5. Bose Einstein Condensate
Types of Matter
1. Elements
  1. Elements Make Compounds
    1. Mixtures are combinations of Compounds and/or Elements
      1. Mixtures can be separated by simple physical means
    2. Law of Constant Composition
      1. The relative Masses of elements are fixed in a given chemical substance.
        H20: Ratio is always 1:8
    3. Compounds need chemical reactions to make/break.
  2. 118 Elements of the Periodic Table
Ms. Gupta's Matter Chart
1. Is it uniform throughout?
  1. No
    1. Heterogenous Mixture
      1. Lucky Charm's Cereal
  2. Yes
    1. Homogenous Mixture
      1. Does it have variable composition?
        No
        Pure Substance
        Can it be separated into smaller units?
        Yes: One of 118 Elements
        No: Compound
        Yes
        Homogenous Mixture (Solution)
Separation of Mixtures Techniques
1. Hand Seperation
  1. Homogenous/Heterogenous Mixture
  2. Physical Properties should be visually discernible.
2. Filtration
  1. Sieve used to separate Precipitate (Solid) from Liquid
  2. Heterogenous Mixtures
3. Separatory Funnel
  1. Separate Immiscible Liquids
  2. Shake & Sit to let layers separate by density, retrieve each layer separately.
4. Centifugation
  1. Separates particles of Different Mass
  2. The greater the mass, the farther away from the center the particle; forms a gradient.
5. Distillation
  1. Separate Homogenous mixtures with different Boiling Points
  2. Separate Salt from water, or use EVAPORATION, poor man's distillation
  3. Temperature must be constant to gather each substance (liquid)
6. Chromatography
  1. Use two "phases", a mobile phase (ex. water) and a stationary phase (ex. paper)
  2. Separate Inks in Ink Mixture
  3. Uses affinity of each ink to phase (solid/liquid) to separate inks
  4. RF Factor
    1. Fingerprint of Ink; acquired from distance(s) ink(s) traveled.
Properties of Matter
1. Physical Properties
  1. Size
  2. Color
  3. Texture
  4. Mass
  5. Boiling Point
  6. Density
  7. Volume
  8. Energy
2. Chemical Properties
  1. Flammability
  2. Corrosiveness
  3. Reactivity with Acid
3. Intensive properties
  1. Independent of amount of mass
  2. Density, boiling point, color
4. Extensive Properties
  1. Dependent on amount of mass
  2. Mass, Volume, Energy
Law of Multiple Proportions
1. The masses of each element which combines with a fixed mass of another element are always in a ratio of whole #s.
Measurement: Metric System
1. Mass: Kilograms (kg)
2. Length: Meters (m)
3. Electric Current: Amperes (A)
4. Temperature: Kelvins (K; C+273)
5. Amount: Mol
6. Significant Digits
7. Dimensional Analysis

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Ch 1: Introduction

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