"A person is guilty of robbery if he steals, and
immediately before or at the time of doing so, he uses
force on any person or seeks to put any person in fear
of being then and there subjected to force."
Very simply 'Theft with force'
Actus Reus
AR for Theft
Appropriates - S3(1)
Theft Act 1968
Looked at flexibly in
robbery cases
Corcoran v Anderton (1980)
Property - S4(1)
Theft Act 1968
Oxford v Moss (1979)
Belonging to Another
S5 Theft Act 1968
Turner (1971)
Application of
threat of force
May be applied directly
or indirectly
Clouden (1987)
Must be sufficient as
to be noticeable
Dawson and James (1976)
Cannot be too akin
to pickpocketing
RP and Others v DPP
(2012)
The threat does not
have to be real
Bentham (2005)
The force must be used immediately
before, or at the time of the theft.
S8(1) Theft Act 1968
Can occur after the theft
SIngle Continuing Act
Hale (1978)
Force must be used
in order to steal
Cannot simply be an
offence against the person
Mens Rea
MR for Theft
Dishonesty
1st limb of Ghost
test (objective)
D's behaviour vs
reasonable, honest man
Ivey v Genting
Casinos LTD (2017)
Fact-finding mission into the D's
knowledge/belief as to the facts
Intention to permanently
deprive the V of property
S6 Theft Act 1968
Zerei (2012)
Intent/Subjective recklessness
as to the use or threat of force